简介：Localizednatureofdamageinstructuresrequireslocalmeasurementsforstructuralhealthmonitoring.Thelocalmeasurementmeanstomeasurethelocal,usuallyhighermodesofthevibrationinastructure.Threefundamentalissuesaboutthelocalmeasurementforstructuralhealthmonitoringincluding(1)thenecessityofmakinglocalmeasurement,(2)thedifficultyofmakinglocalmeasurementand(3)howtomakelocalmeasurementareaddressedinthispaper.Theresultsfromboththeanalysisandthetestsshowthatthelocalmeasurementcansuccessfullymonitorthestructuralhealthstatusaslongasthelocalmodesareexcited.Unfortunately,theresultsalsoillustratethatitisdifficulttoexcitelocalmodesinastructure.Therefore,inordertocarrystructuralhealthmonitoringintoeffect,wemust(1)ensurethatthelocalmodesareexcited,and(2)deployenoughsensorsinastructuresothatthelocalmodescanbemonitored.

简介：Someauthorshavedevelopedafewmethodsofmeasuringwaveslopesbasedonlightrefraction,includingthemeasurementmethodviathedistributionoflightintensityorcolorunderwater.Anewmethodbasedonlightrefractionisspecifiedforthemeasurementofwavesurfaceelevationinwaveflumeviaimagingtechnology.Aplanepaintedwithblackandwhitestripesisputontheflumefloorasanindicationplane,whichcanbearrangedeasilyandcheaply.Comparedwiththepreviousmethods,thepresentmethodislesssensitivetothenoiseandnonlineareffectsofopticalprocess,whichcanbetakenasadigitalmethod.TheCCDcameraisfixedabovetheflumewithitsopticalaxisarrangedverticallytograbtheimagesofstripesmodulatedbythewavesurface.ThemodulatedvaluecanbecalculatedfromtheHilberttransform,andthenthewavesurfaceelevationcanbeobtained.Thealgorithmandexperimentalprocedurearespecifiedindetail,andsomeexperimentalresultsareprovidedtoshowthevalidityofthepresentmethod.

简介：SimilarityforspatialdirectionsplaysanimportantroleinGIS.Inthispaper,theconventionalapproachesareanalyzed.Basedonrasterdataarealobjects,theauthorsproposetwonewmethodsformeasuringsimilarityamongspatialdirections.Oneistomeasurethesimilarityamongspatialdirectionsbasedonthefeaturesofrasterdataandthechangesofdistancesbetweenspatialobjects,theotheristomeasurethesimilarityamongspatialdirectionsaccordingtothevariationofeachrastercellcentroidangle.Thetwomethodsovercomethecomplexityofmeasuringsimilarityamongspatialdirectionswithdirectionmatrixmodelandsolvethelimitationofsmallchangesindirection.Thetwomethodsaresimpleandhavebroaderapplicability.

简介：在现在的学习，为129碘(129我)在铁锰合金，外壳被开发并且129iodine/127碘(129I/127我)在铁锰合金外壳中的比率被加速器团spectrometry(AMS)测量。发达方法被使用分析129I/127我在从中间和平的海洋收集的二铁锰合金外壳MP5D44和CXD08-1的比率。结果显示出那129I/127我在MP5D44和CXD08-1外壳中的比率从7湩敧变化吗？？

简介：Ahighlyefficientflowdischargemeasuringmethodwasproposedinthisstudy.EitherthetraditionalvelocimetersortheAcousticDopplerProfiler(ADP)canbeusedtomeasurethemaximumflowvelocity,Umaxatthey-axis(verticalpassingthroughthemaximumpointvelocityinachannelcrosssection).Themeanvelocityofthecrosssection(U)wascomputedbyφUmax,whereφwasestimatedfromthefielddatacollectedwiththecup-typecurrentmeterusingthe"two-pointmethod".Theflowdischargewasthencomputedbymultiplyingtheestimatedflowareawith(U).Incontrasttothetraditionalmethod,whereflowdepthandflowvelocitymeasurementsareneededforeachvertical,theproposedmethodhastheadvantagesofshortoperationtimeandhighaccuracy.Thesefeaturesareespeciallyimportantforthemeasurementofunsteadyflow.

简介：ＴＨＥＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＡＮＴＡＲＣＴＩＣＯＺＯＮＥＡＴＺＨＯＮＧＳＨＡＮＳＴＡＴＩＯＮＯＦ１９９３ＺｈｏｕＸｉｕｊｉ（周秀骥），ＬｕＬｏｎｇｈｕａ（陆龙骅），ＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ（郑向东）ａｎｄＧｕｏＳｏｎｇ（...

简介：Inthispaperweusea10-layerradiationtransfermodeltosystematicallyinvestigatetherelationbetweenbrightnesstemperatureandtherainfallratesat37GHz,includingvariousviewingofmicrowave(MW)remotesensinganddifferentsurfacecondition,withmainfocusontheinfluenceofthestructureofice-phaselayer.Theresultsshowthatthequantitativerainfallmeasurementcannotbereliablyobtainedoverthelandfromspuceborneradiometeratthiswavelengthandthestructuresoficelayerareveryimportantindeterminingthe"observed"brightnesstemperatureforthespaceborneMWremotesensing.

简介：联合粗糙系数(JRC)是为关节的实验评价的关键参数砍由使用JRC-JCS的力量(联合的墙压缩力量)模型。因为JRC有象不一致，anisotropy，和unhomogeneity的如此的特征，JRC的方向性的统计测量是为保证实验评价方法的可靠性的前提。然而，JRC的方向性的统计测量是费时间的。为了介绍JRC，新轮廓曲线仪和粗糙统治者的一个理想的测量方法，根据岩石关节波动的性质被开发基于JRC的测量方法的评论塑造。轮廓曲线仪和粗糙统治者的操作方法也被介绍。案例研究证明仪器和操作方法为JRC的统计测量生产一个有效工具。

简介：沉积氧需求(草皮)是为水质量分析并且为在河，湖，河口和海湾里当模特儿的水质量的一个关键参数。草皮能在实验室并且在situ被测量。然而，在里面situ技术看起来是为测量草皮，，的更好的途径它可能提供更代表性、精确的结果。以便优化设计在situ草皮测量房间，在圆柱的草皮测量房间的三维的流动地，通常使用为在situ大小，被使用基于RNG的k-数字地模仿了两倍方程骚乱模型。有三种不同流入管子配置的草皮房间被调查。结果证明那房间III在另外的图案上介绍明显的优点为在situ草皮测量，因为好流动混合能被完成，底部沉积暂停能在房间被避免。数字模拟结果被比较验证，存在结果源于实验室实验。设计反映数字模拟的结果的草皮测量房间成功地被测试为在新鲜、盐的水里的situ草皮大小。

简介：ThispapermakesaprobeintotheapplicationoftheKalmanfilteringmethodtothedataprocessingofacross-faultmeasurements.Onthebasisofstatisticalregression,themathematicandstochasticmodelsoffiltrationareestablishedbycombiningtheregressionmethodwithKalmanfiltering.Inthefilteringcomputation,notonlytherandomnessoffaultmovementsbutalsothetime-dependentvariationofenvironmentaleffectshavebeentakenintoconsideration.Byuseoftheadaptivefilteringmethod,anestimationofthedynamicnoisevariancematrixisobtainedthroughiteration.Modelsforonemeasuringline(levelinglineorbaseline),twomeasuringlines(bothlevelinglinesorbothbaselines)andfourmeasuringlines(twolevelinglinesandtwobaselines)arederivedandestablishedsystematically.Bymeansofthesemodels,thedataofacross-faultmeasurementscanbeprocesseddynamicallyinreal-timetoprovidethefilteredvaluesofheightdifferencebetweenbenchmarksorbaselinelengthatdifferenttimein

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简介：TwomethodsformeasuringtheattenuationQvalue,frequency-amplituderatiomethodandwaveforminversionmethod,wereanalyzed.Thesizeandshapeofmostrocksamplesinthelaboratorycanhardlyfulfilltherigorousrequirementsoftheabovemethods.AnewtestmethodofusingthewaveenergytocalculatetheQvaluewasproposed.Theprinciple,calculationformulaeandsomepointsforattentionwereexpounded;therelationshipbetweenQ_PandQ_Ewasdiscussed;andmanysamplesweremeasuredbythismethod.Theresultwascomparedwiththosebyothermethods,anditwasconsideredthattheQvaluebythismethodliesbetweenQ_PandQ_E·

简介：一个提起的实验连续地被进行三天，并且速度变化被测量用结尾，波浪interferometry.The测量错误被估计在10-4附近，它在这个时期期间与理论error.The速度变化与一致很好在空气温度直到在速度变化和变化之间的10-3.The关系，气压的压力和稳固的地球潮与线性最不方形的fitting.The被分析速度没在空气温度，而是displa上有依赖

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简介：在在废水处理过程的雌激素的活动和DOC/UV260比率之间的关联被调查为雌激素的物质的存在建议简单、可靠、全面的指示物。与这相反，当象你屏幕，受体绑定和记者基因表达式试金那样的短期的生物鉴定被用于在废水样品检测雌激素的活动时，他们要求很长时间，至少一些天。贡献雌激素的活动的主要因素被发现是17β-estradiol(E2)和雌素酉同(E1)。在DOC/UV260比率和在活性污泥过程的自河的雌激素(E1和E2)的集中之间的Agood关系被发现：当DOC/UV260ratio增加了，当E1集中减少了时，E2集中增加了。相对雌激素的活动andDOC/UV260比率显示出好关联(R~2=0.84)为除了在污水处理工厂的ozonized样品的所有污水样品。这研究证明雌激素的混合物是难的被常规生物过程使矿物化。先进氧化过程被要求进一步在第二等的自河移开雌激素的物质。由文档和UV260的分析，在废水的雌激素的活动能很快被估计。

简介：作为一个参数，那把岩石的热传播性质描述，热电导率为学习沉积的盆的热政体是不可缺少的，并且检索热电导率的高质量的数据是地热的相关研究的基础。光扫描方法这里被使用从Tarim盆，有在中国的丰富的烃潜力的最大的intermontane盆，和修正为可变的孔的碎屑状的岩石样品被做的水浸透测量745件练习核心样品的热传导性。所有测量的值，在这个区域与以前出版的数据结合了，是综合的讨论控制在盆影响岩石的热传导性的因素的分发特征和专业。我们的结果证明岩石的热电导率的价值通常从1.500～3.000W/m?8

简介：Thedistributionalfeaturesofseasurfacetemperatureandsalinity(SSTandSSS)intheTaiwanStraitshavebeenanalyzedusingtheSSTandSSSunderwaymeasurementsinAugust,1999.ThecharacteristicsofSSTandSSSaresummarizedasfollows:ThereareseveralupwellingsanddilutedwaterintheTaiwanStraits.Theupwellingsaredividedintotwokinds:thosealongthewesterncoastoftheTaiwanStraitsandthosearoundtheTaiwanShoal.Therearethreesourcesofdilutedwater:dilutedwateroftheJiulongjiangRiver,dilutedwateroftheZhujiangRiveranddilutedwateroftheMinjiangRiver.

简介：Inthisstudy,thepracticalmethodologiesaredescribedforthedeterminationofthefactorsfortheselfabsorptioneffect(Fs),spectralinterferences(Fcsi),andtruecoincidencesummingeffects(Fcoi),whichareusedindirectgamma-spectrometricmeasurementofradionuclidessuchas210Pb,238U,234Th,226Ra,214Pb,228Ac,208Tl,214Bi,137Csand40Kinsamples.Tovalidatetheappliedmethods,certifiedreferencematerials(CRMs)oflakeandstreamsedimentsweremeasuredwithann-typeGermanium(Ge)detector-calibratedusingamultinuclidereferencesource.Thehighestself-absorptioncorrectionfactorsrangedfromFs1.44-2.10for46.5keVpeak(210Pb)andFs?1.25-1.60for63.3keVpeak(234Th)lyinginthelowenergyregionofthespectrum.Thesystematicinfluencewasobservedfor186.2keV(226Ra)peakduetospectralinterferenceswiththe235Ucontribution.Forthispeak,Fcsiischangedfrom0.921to0.955.Additionally,thepresentstudysuggeststhattruecoincidencesumming(TCS)effectsarenotdominant,exceptfor208Tland214BiforwhichFcoirangedfrom1.179to1.192anrangedfrom1.140to1.151,respectively.

简介：Ｔｗｏ－ｗａｖｅｌｅｎｇｔｈＬｉｄａｒＭｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｌｏｕｄ－ａｅｒｏｓｏｌＯｐｔｉｃａｌＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓＱｉｕＪｉｎｈｕａｎ（邱金桓）（ＩｎｓｈｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃ...

简介：Platestructuresareemployedasimportantstructuralcomponentsinmanyengineeringapplications.Hence,assessingthestructuralconditionsofin-serviceplatestructuresiscriticaltomonitoringglobalstructuralhealth.Modalcurvature-baseddamagedetectiontechniqueshaverecentlygarneredconsiderableattentionfromtheresearchcommunity,andhavebecomeapromisingvibration-basedstructuralhealthmonitoringsolution.However,computingerrorsarisewhencalculatingmodalcurvaturesfromlateralmodeshapes,whichresultfromunavoidablemeasurementerrorsinthemodeshapesasidentifiedfromlateralvibrationsignals;thismakescurvature-basedalgorithmsthatusealateralmeasurementonlytheoreticallyfeasible,butpracticallyinfeasible.Therefore,inthisstudy,long-gaugefiberBragggratingstrainsensorsareemployedtoobtainamodalcurvaturewithoutanumericaldifferentiationprocedureinordertocircumventthecomputingerrors.Severaldamageindicesbasedonmodalcurvaturesthatweredevelopedtolocatebeamdamageareemployed.Bothnumericalandexperimentalstudiesareperformedtovalidatetheproposedapproach.However,althoughpreviousstudieshavereportedrelativesuccesswiththeapplicationofthesedamageindicesonasimplebeam,onlyonedamageindexdemonstratedthecapabilitytolocatedamagewhenthestiffnessofthelocalregionchangednearthesensor.