简介：Genomicinsituhybridization(GISH)isapowerfultooltocharacterizeparentalchromosomesininterspecifichybrids,includingthebehaviourofautosynapsisandchromosomepairing.ItwasusedtodistinguishthechromosomesofOryzasativafromwildspeciesinaspontaneousinterspecifichybridandtoinvestigatethechromosomepairingatmetaphaseIinmeiosisofthehybridinthisstudy.Thehybridwasatriploidwith36chromosomesaccordingtothechromosomenumberinvestigatedinmitosisofroottips.DuringmetaphaseIofmeiosisinthehybrid,lesschromosomepairingwasobservedandmostofthechromosomesexistedasunivalent.BasedonGISHandFISH(Fluorescentinsituhybridization)analyses,thechromosomesofthehybridwerecomposedofgenomesA,BandC.Thus,itwasbelievedthatthehybridwastheresultofnaturalhybridizationbetweencultivatedriceandwildspeciesO.minutawhichwasplantedinexperimentalfields.

简介：以便揭示在二CCDD染色体种，Oryzaalta和Oryzalatifolia之间的起源和进化关系，在situ杂交(鱼)的荧光被采用从O与C0t-1DNA分析二种的染色体。alta作为一根探针。Karyotype比较地也在O之间被分析。alta和O。latifolia基于他们杂交的类似的乐队模式发信号。在O之间有高相同和靠近的关系。alta和O。然而，在杂交之间的区别表明的latifolia也是清楚的。C0t-1DNA被证明是种类--并且染色体类型特定。C0t-1DNA鱼能是更有效的分析在不同种类之间的genomic关系，这被建议。根据在二allotetraploidy种之间的高度并且中等重复的DNA序列的比较分析，O。alta和O。latifolia，可能的起源和Oryza的allotetraploidy的进化机制被讨论。

简介：许多米饭点叶(系统程序设计语言)异种是为理解在植物涉及强风抵抗，细菌的老家抵抗和规划房间死亡的机制的理想的来源。在米饭的50点叶异种的基因控制被描绘了，一些点叶基因也被孤立。这篇文章考察为他们的显型，和他们对主要米饭疾病的抵抗回答负责的点叶基因的起源，基因模式，隔离和描述。

简介：在大多数谷物庄稼，phytic酸是磷的主要存储形式，它能减少磷酸盐的简历可获得性。phytase的转基因的表示被认为是在转基因的植物免除磷酸盐phytate的一个有效方法。在这研究，工厂表示向量，包含重组体phytase基因由玉米ubiquitin(Ubi)开车倡导者经由Agrobacterium-mediatedtransformation被构造并且介绍进一个精英米饭变化。在实验期间，15根独立转基因的米饭线的一个总数被改革。PCR和南部的污点的结果显示目标基因集成于转基因的米饭工厂的染色体。而且，提取fromtheimmature几根转基因的线播种的全部的RNA的RT-PCR分析证明重组体phytase基因能通常被表示。无机的磷内容，两个都比在untransformed野生型在转基因的工厂在成熟种子和叶是显著地更高的。

简介：Toobtainasuitableconditionforelectroporationtransformationinindicarice,the10-day-oldimmatureembryoswereselectedforoptimizationexperiments.Theresultsshowedthatonepulseat850V/cm,950μFcapacitance,200μLelectroporationbufferwith70mmol/Lsodiumglutamate,100μg/mLplasmid,50μg/mLcarrierDNA,20embryospercuvette,0°CtreatmentandCCmediumwerethebestparameters,whichnotonlyimprovedthetransformationefficiencyto30.89%,butalsoamelioratedtheembryosurvivalratioto95.92%.Tofurtherverifythepracticabilityofthiscondition,theembryosfromanotherindicaricevarietyandaricetypeIImetallothionein-likegene(OsMT2bL)promoter::mgfp5::gusAconstructweretested,andspecificGUSexpressionontheembryoswasvisualizedbyhistochemicalstaining.TheresultsshowedthattheGUSexpressionontheembryosactivatedbytheOsMT2bLpromoterwasmainlyconcentratedontheapicalpointoftheplumulewhereastheexpressiondrivenbyCaMV35Spromoterwasdistributedonnearlyallareasoftheelectroporatedtissues.Theseresultsindicatedthattheoptimizedembryoelectroporationconditionscouldbeusednotonlyingenetictransformationofindicaricebutalsoinassayofgeneregulationonembryos.

简介：ToinvestigategeneticdiversitiesamongtheAAgenomeOryzaspeciesintheSoutheastandSouthAsia,atotalof428accessionsoftheAAgenomeOryzaspeciesweregenotypedusing36simplesequencerepeats(SSR)markersdistributedthroughoutthericegenome.Allofthe36SSRmarkersgeneratedpolymorphicbands,revealing100%polymorphism.Thenumberofallelesperlocusrangedfrom3to17withthemeanof8.6.TheNei’sgeneticdiversityindex(He)rangedfrom0.337atRM455to0.865atRM169withanaveragevalueof0.650.ThegeneticdiversityoftheAAgenomeOryzaspeciesintheSoutheastAsiawasobviouslyhigherthanthatintheSouthAsia.AmongthedetectedOryzaspeciesintheSouthandSoutheastAsia,O.rufipogonshowedthehighestgeneticdiversity.Meanwhile,ahighergeneticdifferentiation(Fst)wasfoundamongthedetectedOryzaspeciesintheSoutheastAsiathanintheSouthAsia.TheFstvaluebetweenO.nivaraandO.sativawasthehighest.Theresultsfromthenumberofspecificalleles,specificloci,andallelefrequencyconfirmedthegreatergeneticvariationamongthedetectedspecies.Inaddition,thespecificalleleinRM161displayedhigherfrequency(0.193),suggestingitsimportantfunctioninidentifyingOryzaspeciesofAAgenome.

简介：Potexperimentswereconductedin2002and2003toinvestigatetheeffectsofsoilcopper(Cu)concentrationongrowth,developmentandyieldformationofricebyusingthejaponicacultivarWuxiangjing14andhybridricecombinationShanyou63.Theplantheight,leafnumber,elongatedinternodenumberandheadingdateofriceplantswerenotaffectedatsoilCulevelsbelow200mg/kg,butaffectedsignificantlyatabove400mg/kg.TheinhibitoryeffectsonricegrowthanddevelopmentwereincreasedwiththeincrementofsoilCulevels.ThegrainyieldsdecreasedsignificantlywithraisingsoilCulevels.ThemainreasonsforthegrainyieldreductionsunderlowersoilCulevels(100,200mg/kg)weremainlyduetothedecreaseofnumberofspikeletsperpanicle,however,underhighersoilCulevels(morethan400mg/kg),bothpaniclenumberandnumberofspikeletsperpaniclecontributedtotheyieldloss.ThedecreasesofpaniclenumberbyCustressweremainlyattributedtoslowrecoveryfromtransplanting,delayedtilleringandreducedmaximumtillernumbers.ThereductionofnumberofspikeletsperpanicleundersoilGustressresultedfromthedecreasesofbothshootdryweight(SDW)attheheadingdateandtheratioofspikeletstoSDW.TotalbiomassatmaturitydecreasedsignificantlywiththeincreaseofsoilCulevels,whileeconomiccoefficientshowednon-significantdecreaseexceptundersoilCulevelsabove800mg/kg.

简介：Distributionsofpubescencesonleafbladeandhullinjaponicaricewereobservedunderanopticalmicroscope.NumbersofleafandhullpubescencesinP1,P2,F1,B1,B2andF2generationswereinvestigatedinthreecombinationsofjaponicarice(Sidao10A/Wuyujing3R,Wuyujing3A/Sidao10RandLiuyan189A/HR-122),andgeneticanalysisforthesetwotraitswereconductedbyusingthejointanalysismethodofP1,P2,F1,B1,B2andF2generationswiththemixedmajorgenepluspolygeneinheritancemodels.Leafpubescencescharacterizedbyswollenbaseandfinetipdistributedregularlyontheboundarybetweendarkgreenstripeandlightgreenstripeofleafblade.Hullpubescenceswithvariouslengthsdistributedirregularlyonthewholehull.NumbersofleafpubescencesinthereciprocalcombinationsofSidao10A/Wuyujing3RandWuyujing3A/Sidao10Randnumbersofhullpubescencesinallthethreecombinationswerecontrolledbyonepairofadditivemajorgenesplusadditive-dominantpolygenes.InthecombinationofLiuyan189A/HR-122,numberofleafpubescenceswascontrolledbyonepairofadditive-dominantmajorgenesplusadditive-dominantpolygenes.Bothnumbersofleafandhullpubescencesweremainlygovernedbymajorgenes.

简介：TounderstandthewildOryzagenomeeffectonphotosynthesisanditsrelationtototaldrymatteraccumulationinanelitericevariety,asetof40stableintrogressionlines(ILs)BC3F8derivedfromacrossofOryzasativa(KMR3)×Oryzarufipogon(WR120)weregrownunderwellwateredconditions.Leafgasexchangemeasurementsandleafchlorophyllestimateswereconductedatthefloweringstage.Theresultsrevealedsignificantvariationsinnetphotosyntheticrate(Pn),transpirationrate(E),transpirationefficiency(Pn/E)andcarboxylationefficiency(Pn/Ci).PnshowedsignificantpositivecorrelationwithE,stomatalconductance(gs),Pn/Ciandtotalcanopydrymatter.SpecificleafareaandleafthicknesswerenotsignificantlycorrelatedwithPn.Thirty-sevenoutof40ILsshowedhigherPnthanKMR3[11.28μmol/(m2·s)],and20ILsshowedhigherPnthanWR120[15.08μmol/(m2·s)].ThelineIL194showedthehighestPn[21.62μmol/(m2·s)]withincreasedtotalcanopydrymatterfollowedbylinesIL381,IL106,IL363-12,IL198,IL86-18andIL50,whichexhibitedPnabove18.0μmol/(m2·s).TheILswithenhancedPnareapotentialsourcefordevelopingricevarietiesandhybridswithhigherbiomassandyield.

简介：Thisstudywasconductedtodevelopandcharacterizeanovelcytoplasmicmalesterile(CMS)sourcewhichwasidentifiedfromDongxiangwildrice(Oryzarufipogon)bycrossingDongxiangwildriceasfemalewithZhongzao35,anindicainbredvariety,asmaleandcontinuousbackcrossingwithZhongzao35.ObservationunderopticalmicroscopemanifestedthatthisnovelCMSbelongedtotypicalabortiontypewithlesspollencomparedwithwildabortivetypecytoplasm(CMS-WA).SequentialplantingshowedthatthisnovelCMShascompleteandstablemalesterility.Testcrossexperimentshowedthatallthe24testedmaterialsincludingmaintainerandrestorerlinesofCMS-WAandHongliantypecytoplasm(CMS-HL)andotherindicainbredvarietiesarethemaintainerswithcompletemaintainingability,suggestingthatthisnovelCMShasfertilityrestorationtotallydifferentfromCMS-WAandCMS-HLandbelongstoanoveltypeofCMS.Sofar,weonlydiscoveredauniquefertilityrestorationsourceforthisnovelCMS.InheritanceanalysisshowedthatthefertilityrestorationofthisCMSwasgovernedbythreepairsofindependentdominantgenes.ProspectforapplicationofthisnovelCMSsysteminhybridricebreedingwasalsodiscussed.

简介：PhysiologicalindicesrelatedtoPSⅡphotochemicalefficiency(Fv/Fm)andmembranelipidperoxidationweremeasuredinleavesofindicaricecvShanyou63andjaponicarice9516atdifferenttemperaturesandlightintensitiesforfourdays.NoobviouschangesinFv/FmandMDAwereobservedinbothindicaandjaponicariceatmoderatetemperatureandmediumPFD,implyingneitherphotoinhibitionnorphotooxidationhappenedinthesecases.InindicariceeitheratmediumtemperaturewithhigherPFDoratlowertemperaturewithmediumPFDFv/FmdroppedobviouslywithnochangesinMDAcontents,andphotoinhibitionappearedwhilephotooxidationdidnotoccur.However,D1protein,Fv/Fm,(A+Z)/(A+Z+V),andSODactivitiesdropped,andO2^-productionandMDAcontentincreasedaccordingly,aswellasbothphotoinhibitionandphotooxidationappearedintworicevarietiesatlowertemperatureandhigherPFD.ExperimentwithinhibitorsatlowertemperatureandhigherPFDshowedthatascomparedwithjaponicaricethedecrementsappearedinD1proteincontents,SODactivities,and(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)ratios,thexanthophyllcycleandnon-photochemicalquench(qN)wereinhibitedinamoredegree,aswellasincrementsofMDAcontentweregreater,thusexhibitingmoredistinctphotoinhibitionandphotooxidationinindicarice.ItissuggestedthatFv/FmandmembranelipidperoxidationproductMDAwerethekeyindicestopredictanddiagnosephotooxidation

简介：Tworicevarieties,Xiushui110withhighcadmium(Cd)toleranceandXiushui11withlowCdtolerancewereusedtostudytheeffectsofCdstressonseedgermination,seedlinggrowthandamylaseactivities.Thelowcadmiumconcentrationhadlittleeffectonseedgerminationrate.However,cadmiumstresscouldsignificantlyinhibitplumuleandradiclegrowth,especiallyforradiclegrowth.Germinationindex,vigourindex,radiclelengthandamylaseactivitiesofXiushui11decreasedmoresignificantlywiththeincreasingcadmiumlevelcomparedwithXiushui110.ThecadmiumcontentinseedlingsofXiushui11washigherthanthatinXiushui110whenthecadmiumconcentrationexceeded5μmol/L,whichcausedlowermitoticindexinroottipsandamylaseactivities,andmoreseriouscadmiumtoxicityinXiushui11.

简介：叶颜色变化是变化的一个广泛地观察的类，起在叶绿素生合成的学习的一个重要作用并且种叶绿体结构，功能，遗传和开发。自然地发生的叶颜色米饭异种，Baihuaidao7，被分析。变异的植物典型地展出了green-white-green叶颜色前进，但是这显型仅仅面对象移植那样的机械苛责导致的一个压力信号被表示。在白叶子，变异的植物生长，叶颜色，叶绿素内容，和叶绿体的外观以前，超微结构看起来与野类型的那些相同。在到白叶颜色的转换以后，变异的叶子的考试在全部的叶绿素揭示了减少，叶绿素一，叶绿素b，和类胡萝卜素内容，在叶绿体grana薄片和grana的数字的减小，和thylakoid薄片的渐渐的降级。在成熟，变异的植物与野类型的植物相比被变白并且相形见绌。基因分析显示叶异种特性被后退的原子基因控制。变异的基因的基因印射用从Baihuaidao7栠灡导出的一张F2人口被执行吗？

简介：Grainyieldandheadingdatearekeyfactorsdeterminingthecommercialpotentialofaricevariety.Mappingofquantitativetraitloci(QTLs)inricehasbeenadvancedfromprimarymappingtogenecloning,andheadingdateandyieldtraitshavealwaysattractedthegreatestattention.Inthisreview,genomicdistributionofQTLsforheadingdatedetectedinpopulationsderivedfromintra-specificcrossesofAsiancultivatedrice(Oryzasativa)wassummarized,andtheirrelationshipwiththegeneticcontrolofyieldtraitswasanalyzed.TheinformationcouldbeusefulintheidentificationofQTLsforheadingdateandyieldtraitsthatarepromisingfortheimprovementofricevarieties.

简介：Theperformanceandinheritanceof7qualitytraitswerestudiedusingF2ricegrainderivedfrom8×8diallelcrossingmadebyemploying8parentsofdifferentecologicaljaponicaricetypes.Differencesineachtraitamong8parentswerenotobvious,butinF2generation,transgressivephenomenawerefoundinallthetraitsstudied,indicatingthatthegenescontrollingthesetraitsamongparentsweresegregated.Theinheritanceofgrainwidth,grainweight,chalkinessscore(CS),gelatinizationtemperature(GT)andgelconsistency(GC)weresuitabletoadditive-dominantmodel,anddominanteffectcontributedmainlyforthe5traits.Theinheritanceofgrainlength(GL)andamylosecontent(AC)didnotfitintoadditive-dominantmodel,existingepistaticinteractions.Dominantgenesforgrainwidthandgrainweighthadtheefficiencyofdecreasingeffect,anddominantgenesforCS,GTandGChadtheefficiencyofenhancingeffect.Koshihikaricontainedmorerecessivegenesforgelatinizationtemperaturethanothervarieties.Zhendao88hadmoredominantgenesingrainwidthandgrainweightthanothervarieties.Xiushui04possessedmoredominantgenesforGLandGC,andmorerecessivegenesforCSthanothervarieties.

简介：由使用能识别栽培米饭(OryzasativaL)的二亚种(indica和装饰用的梨树)的19份教材，从在Yuanjiang的普通野米饭(OryzarufipogonGriff)的自然人口的56个个人的indica装饰用的梨树区别被SSR分析(微卫星DNA，或简单顺序重复)。19份教材，17对(89.47%)能个人在所有之中放大一个种仅仅乐队类型，但是教材RM251andRM18能放大多态的乐队类型。16份教材(84.21%)放大的乐队与indica装饰用的梨树相同在栽培米饭的相关地点的诊断乐队，包括11像装饰用的梨树的loci和4象indica一样loci。乐队由另外的三份教材放大了(RM18，RM202，RM205)与indica或装饰用的梨树不同栽培米饭的诊断乐队。结果证明根据分析的19loci，在Yuanjiang的普通野米饭的SSRlociingenomic脱氧核糖核酸的84.21%显示了indica装饰用的梨树区别，13.79%loci仍然保持原始，并且大多数检测loci是在自然人口基因的人。

简介：DNAmethylation是能被房间分割在有机体的进化转移到后代的epigenetic现象之一。基因表示伴随的epigenetic规定能在haploidy植物的显型直接被发现。在haploid，Shuhui527，Shuhui363和他们的混血儿的5-CpCpGpG地点的DNAcytosinemethylation被methylation分析敏感扩大多型性(MSAP)方法。有765个DNAmethylated地点，检测，methylation水平比父母在混血儿是更低的。同时，在混血儿和父母之间的不同乐队被分析，methylated地点的二种类型被检测，哪个从haploid，和其它继承了。与涉及房间的methylated地点有关的基因的生物功能组织，使产生代射变化并且反应因素。因此，DNAmethylated修正能激活并且沉默基因和戏在植物生长，开发和进化的一个重要角色。

简介：一个核心集合的开发能在庄稼改进程序提高germplasm集合的利用并且简化他们的管理。适当采样策略的选择是一个重要前提与适当尺寸构造一个核心集合以便足够地代表基因光谱并且最大地在可得到的庄稼集合捕获基因差异。现在的学习被开始构造嵌套的核心集合决定适当样品尺寸基于15个量的特点和2262米饭就职的34个质的特点代表米饭landrace收集的基因差异。结果显示出50225个嵌套的核心集合，其采样率是2.2%9.9%，是足够的维持起始的集合的最大的基因差异。这些，150就职(6.6%)能捕获起始的收集的最大的基因差异。三种数据类型，即质的特点(QT1)，量的特点(QT2)和综合质、量的特点(QTT)，在基于与逐步的聚类相结合并且在调整欧几里德几何学的距离上比较喜欢采样的加权的对组一般水准方法构造核心集合为他们的效率被比较。每个联合计划构造了八个米饭核心集合(225，200，175，150，125，100，75和50)。结果证明QTT数据是在构造由核心集合的基因差异显示了的一个核心集合的最好。仅仅在QT1的信息上构造的一个核心集合不能有效地代表起始的收集。QTT应该一起被使用构造一个生产核心集合。

简介：thermo感觉迟钝的苍白的绿叶异种(pgl2)从T-DNA被孤立米饭的插入的转基因的线(OryzasativaL。subsp。装饰用的梨树cv。Nipponbare)。基因分析显示显型被一个后退的变化在单个原子编码基因引起。印射PGL2基因，一张F2人口被与Longtefu穿过异种构造(OryzasativaL。subsp。indica)。PGL2地点粗略地在染色体8上被连接到SSR标记RM331。细微地印射基因，14个新InDel标记在标记，和PGL2附近被开发进一步被印射到2.37Mbcentromeric区域。叶子的叶绿素内容上的分析证明在全部的叶绿素(Chl)异种和野类型之间没有明显的差别当在异种的Chla/Chlb的比率仅仅是大约1时，满足，它在野类型是比那显然低的，建议PGL2基因与在Chl之间的变换有关是andChlb。而且，在centromeric区域附近的教材设计的方法被讨论，它将提供卓见进在工厂着丝点的功能的基因的好印射。

简介：RicecropgrowthandyieldinthenorthIranareaffectedbycropdurationandphenology.ThepurposeofthisstudywastocalibrateandvalidatetheORYZA2000modelunderpotentialproductionbasedonexperimentaldataforsimulatingandquantifyingthephenologicaldevelopment,cropdurationandyieldpredictionofricecropinfluencedbydifferentseedlingages.InordertocalibrateandvalidatethecropparametersofORYZA2000model,atwo-yearfieldexperimentwasconductedunderpotentialgrowthconditio...