简介：放射治疗是许多头颈部肿瘤的有效治疗,随着放疗技术的改进,肿瘤得到较好的控制,头颈部肿瘤尤其是鼻咽癌放疗后的5年生存率明显提高.生存期的延长,生存质量越来越受到重视,本文就听觉系统的放射损伤与防治的有关文献进行综述.

简介：视网膜脱离是严重的致盲性眼病之一，后段的玻璃体手术，术中需借助角膜接触镜/非接触镜才能观察眼底。现对不同的眼底观察系统在视网膜脱离手术的应用作一综述。

简介：医疗系统的前景是什么？作为眼科医疗工作者,我们不仅要治疗眼睛,我们更要治疗患者。同样,眼科医疗并非在真空中作业,而是从属于更宽泛的医疗保健系统。当我们的工作需要如此之多的人力之时,很可能让人忘记工作的大背景是什么。然而,

简介：术中导航系统是鼻和颅底外科学中崛起的一项微创新技术。本文就术中导航系统的历史及其类型和意义作一综述。

简介：目的：探讨裂隙灯眼前段处理系统在眼科临床工作中的各种实际应用状况及操作技巧。方法：应用配置佳能PowerShotA720IS型数码照相机（1200万像素）SLM型裂隙灯显微镜检查眼部病变情况，并在裂隙灯下根据不同的病变位置，在不同色彩、角度下进行照相（放大倍率×10；×16；×20）。结果：采集不同种类疾病具有代表性照片：眼睑及结膜肿物、结膜裂伤、角膜炎、角膜异物、翼状胬肉、前房积血、前房角异物等如图示。结论：裂隙灯眼前段处理系统的应用为临床医疗文献提供直接定性依据，给患者了解自身病情带来便利，照片直观、经济，在眼科领域的临床应用具有广阔的前景。

简介：目的评价海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪黄斑区视网膜分析系统(macularedemamodule,MEM)的三个技术参数,了解其变异性及可重复性来判断其临床应用价值。方法对78例(78只眼)正常健康志愿者应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪黄斑区视网膜分析系统进行检查。分析扫描深度值(Z)、视网膜信号宽度值(W)、水肿指数值(E)三参数的均值及变异系数,并分析黄斑反射图、地形图、信号宽度图、水肿指数图的图像特征。结果黄斑中心0．5mm范围内视网膜扫描深度均值(Z)为1．4430848,变异系数55．6％。W值为795．27±193．53,变异系数17．6％。E值为1．13±0．35,变异系数27．8％。不同个体三参数差异有高度显著性(P<0．01),个体变异较大。不同时间段三参数测量差异无显著性(P>0．05)。结论MEM可对黄斑区视网膜厚度进行量化分析,个体变异较大,但重复性好,HRT-Ⅱ检查适合黄斑疾病的个体随诊观察。

简介：目的设计整体运动知觉检测方法和研究正常人运动知觉特性.方法设计整体运动知觉测试软件,由微机控制,测定20例(40眼)正常人的运动知觉阈值.结果正常人运动知觉功能与性别及眼别无相关关系,而大于与小于50岁组的运动知觉分数值分别为4.47±0.40、4.85±0.16,两者具有显著性差异.结论建立了整体运动知觉检测方法,为临床应用打下了基础.

简介：随着锰在影像学和实验研究中的不断应用，其毒性损伤已经成为近期人们研究的热点。大量研究证明，锰作为机体微量元素，堆积后的损伤主要表现于神经系统。我们从锰作为影像增强剂这一角度对其给药方式、机体损伤和损伤机制的研究做一综述。

简介：为探讨迷路的老化过程,应用透射电镜观察了新生、青年、老年豚鼠的耳蜗和迷路血管系统的变化。发现老年豚鼠血浆成分有改变、听力呈下降倾向;毛细胞、迷路血管及螺旋神经和螺旋神经节细胞均可见一系列损害。作者推测在耳蜗老化过程中血管系统的变化非常重要,至少是耳蜗其他部位老年性改变的原因之一。

简介：目的探讨数字化多媒体系统矫治训练对大龄儿童弱视的治疗效果。方法选取2013年1月至2016年1月我院门诊收治的大龄弱视患儿86例（128眼）,作为研究对象。根据患儿治疗方案的差异将其分为观察组与对照组,对照组45例患儿接受常规综合治疗措施,观察组41例患儿接受数字化多媒体系统治疗,比较两组患儿治疗后双眼视功能变化及疗效。结果观察组患儿治疗后总有效率明显高于对照组,并且观察组患者立体视改善率明显高于对照组,P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论对大龄弱视患儿采取数字化多媒体系统治疗可有效改善患儿弱视症状,提高患儿双眼视功能,缩短患儿视功能障碍治疗时间,具有临床应用及推广价值。

简介：AIM:Anaerobicbacteriacancauseocularinfections.WetestedtheOxyPlateTMAnaerobicSystem(OXY)toisolatepertinentanaerobicbacteriathatcancauseoculardisease.METHODS:OXY,whichdoesnotrequiredirectanaerobicconditions(i.e.bags,jars),wascomparedtoconventionalisolationofincubatingculturemediainanaerobicbags.Standardcoloniescountswereperformedonanaerobicocularbacterialisolatesunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions(anaerobicbags)usingagarmedia:1)OXY(aerobiconly),2)5%sheepblood(SB),3)Chocolate,and4)Schaedler.Thebacteriatestedwerede-identifiedocularisolatesculturedfromendophthalmitisanddacryocystitisthatinclude10Propionibacteriumacnesand3Actinomycesspecies.Thecolonycountsforeachbacteriaisolate,oneachculturingcondition,wererankedfromlargesttosmallest,andnon-parametricallycomparedtodeterminethebestculturingcondition.RESULTS:Allanaerobicconditionswerepositiveforalloftheanaerobicisolates.SBandSchaedler’sagarunderaerobicconditionsdidnotsupportthegrowthofanaerobicbacteria.SparsegrowthwasnotedonchocolateagarwithPropionibacteriumacnes.Asananaerobicsystem,SBinananaerobicbagisolatedhighercolonycountsthanOXY(P=0.0028)andchocolateagar(P=0.0028).CONCLUSION:AlthoughOXYdidnottesttobemoreefficientthanotheranaerobicsystems,itappearstobeareasonablealternativeforisolatinganaerobicbacteriafromocularsites.Theuseofanagarmediuminaspeciallydesignedplate,withouttherequirementofananaerobicbag,renderedOXYasanadvantageoverotheranaerobicsystems.

简介：后囊膜混浊是白内障囊外摘除术后最主要的并发症之一.后囊膜混浊的发生是多因素参与的结果,手术方式的改进、人工晶状体的改良、术后炎症反应的控制都可以减少后囊膜混浊的发生.本文就人工晶状体的设计对后囊膜混浊的影响作一综述.

简介：据中国科学技术期刊编辑学会和中国高校科技期刊研究会国际检索系统资讯部报道，数据来源——http：//www．ncbi．nlm．nih．gov／pubmed／citmatch。

简介：AIM:Tomeasurecentralcornealthickness(CCT)andpre-cornealtearfilmthicknessusingtheGalileidualScheimpfluganalyzer(GSA)inNewZealandWhiterabbits.METHODS:TennormalNewZealandWhiterabbits(20eyes)wereincludedinthisstudy.Withtheassistanceof0.1%fluorescein,thepre-cornealtearfilmcanbewellvisualized.BotheyesofeachrabbitwerescannedoncewiththeGSApre-andpost-instillationof1μL0.1%fluorescein.ThedifferencebetweenthetwomeasurementsofCCT(4-mmdiameter)wasrecordedasthepachymetricvaluesofthecentraltearfilm.RESULTS:TheCCTofpre-andpost-instillationwas388.8±9.5μmand407.0±10.5μm,respectively.Afterapairedt-testanalysis,thecentralpre-cornealtearfilmthicknessof4mmdiameterwas18.2±5.31μmwitha95%confidenceintervalof(15.7,20.6)μm(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:GSAcanbeusedtomeasureCCTandanalyzecentraltearfilmthicknessofrabbitswiththehelpoffluorescein.

简介：目的：评价超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后人工晶状体眼的波前像差，讨论不同设计的人工晶状体对术后人工晶状体眼波前像差的影响。方法：选择年龄相关性白内障患者62例（69眼），年龄41～84（平均63．4±4．0）岁。其中男24例（28眼），女38例（41眼），右眼38例，左眼31例。随机平均分为3组，使年龄性别相匹配。其中A组植入三片式人工晶状体（ACRYsof^@MA60BM），B组植入一片式人工晶状体（ACRYsof^@SA60AT），C组植入蓝光滤过型一片式人工晶状体（ACRYsof^@SN60AT）。同一术者，同一超声乳化仪（Alcon^@INFINITIVISIONSYSTEM）和手术显微镜（CarlZeissStativS88），术中均采用角膜曲率最高经线上宽3．2mm长1．75mm的角巩膜缘隧道切口。术后1mo使用客观型波前像差仪（NidekOPD-scanARK-10000）进行波前像差检测，得出总体高阶像差的均方根（RMSh）。结果：A组三片式（ACRYsof^@MA60BM）的RMSh平均达到0．702±0．090μm，B组一片式（ACRYsof^@SA60AT）的RMSh平均达到0．529±0．067μm，C组蓝光滤过型一片式（ACRYsof^@SN60AT）的RMSh平均达到0．566±0．066μm。三组比较采用单向方差分析，5．0mm瞳孔大小时A组的总体像差值最高（P〈0．01），其余两组没有显著性差异（P=0．126）。组间差异有统计学意义。结论：人工晶状体襻的设计对超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后人工晶状体眼的像差有明显影响，但光学区染色对单色像差的影响无统计学差异。这一结果对进一步完善白内障手术以及人工晶状体材料和设计的改善提供了有意义的信息。

简介：目的探讨一组特殊设计镜片对周边屈光度、周边清晰视力范围和主观感受的影响。方法3例（4眼）被试者，年龄22-31岁，屈光度-2．0D，按随机顺序分别在单眼配戴普通非球面镜片、成长乐镜片、视特保大、中、小光区镜片的情况下进行周边屈光度、周边清晰视力范围测量和主观评分，主观评分包括远距和近距戴镜舒适度、清晰度和接受度。结果配戴5种镜片时，被试眼相对周边屈光度均为远视状态，远视度数随周边角度增加而增加。配戴普通非球面镜片和视特保大光区镜片时周边远视度数最大，视特保中光区镜片其次，成长乐镜片和视特保小光区镜片最小；配戴普通非球面镜片和视特保大光区镜片时的周边清晰视力范围最大，其次是视特保中光区镜片，最小的是成长乐镜片和视特保小光区镜片；远距评分为普通非球面镜片最高，视特保大光区镜片其次，然后为视特保中光区镜片，成长乐镜片及视特保小光区镜片最差；近距评分视特保大光区镜片接近普通非球面镜片，视特保中光区镜片和成长乐镜片其次，视特保小光区镜片最差。结论不同设计的中周部加光镜片对改变周边屈光度的作用存在差异，其配戴后的顺应性与镜片改变周边屈光度的程度呈负相关。

简介：Thekeratoprosthesis(KPro;artificialcornea)isaspecialrefractivedevicetoreplacehumancorneabyusingheterogeneousformingmaterialsfortheimplantationintothedamagedeyesinordertoobtainacertainvision.Themainproblemsofartificialcorneaarethebiocompatibilityandstabilityofthetissueparticularlyinpenetratingkeratoplasty.Thecurrentstudiesoftissue-engineeredscaffoldmaterialsthroughcomprisingcompositesofnaturalandsyntheticbiopolymerstogetherhavedevelopedanewwaytoartificialcornea.Althoughawideagreementthatthelong-termstabilityofthesedeviceswouldbegreatlyimprovedbythepresenceofcorneacells,modificationofkeratoprosthesistosupportcorneacellsremainselusive.Mostofthestudiesoncornealsubstratematerialsandsurfacemodificationofcompositeshavetriedtoimprovethegrowthandbiocompatibilityofcorneacellswhichcannotonlyreducethestimulusofheterogeneousmaterials,butalsomoreimportantlycontinuousandstablecorneacellscanpreventthedestructionofcollagenase.Thenecrosisofstromaandspontaneousextrusionofthedevice,allowformaintenanceofaprecornealtearlayer,andplaytheroleofensuringagoodopticalsurfaceandresistingbacterialinfection.Asaresult,improvementincornealcellshasbeenthemainaimofseveralrecentinvestigations;someefforthasfocusedonbiomaterialforitswellbiologicalpropertiessuchaspromotingthegrowthofcorneacells.Thepurposeofthisreviewistosummarythegrowthstatusofthecornealcellsaftertheimplantationofseveralartificialcorneas.

简介：AIM:Todescribethedesignandpreliminaryresultsofthehospitalbasedepidemiologicalstudyfordiabeticretinopathy(HBESDR),anongoingepidemiologicalstudytoestimatetheprevalenceofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)andtoelucidatetheclinical,anthropometric,biochemicalandanyotherriskfactorsassociatedwithdiabeticretinopathy.METHODS:Totally2000diabeteswillberecruitedfromtheDiabeteseyeclinicintheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversity.AllsubjectsunderwentbloodsugarestimationandOralGlucoseToleranceTesttodiagnosediabetes.Alldiabeteswouldundergocompletequestionnaire,acomprehensiveeyeexamination.Bloodandurinewouldbecollectedforbiochemicalinvestigations.AllfundusphotographsforanyDRwillbegraded.Participantswhoneedtreatmentwillbesenttotheophthalmicclinicandfollow-upintervalprogramforallsubjectswillbesuggested.Acomputerizeddatabaseiscreatedfortherecords.RESULTS:Todate,1174diabeteshavebeenrecruited,therewere350(29.81%)DRinalldiabetes,mostofthemwerewithmildnon-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)(139,39.71%);71(20.29%)moderateNPDR,66(18.86%)severeNPDR,74(21.14%)proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR).Females,longerdurationofdiabetes,familyhistoryofdiabetesandhypertensionhadastatisticallysignificantincreaseinriskofanyDR.CONCLUSION:ThestudyisexpectedtoprovideanestimateoftheoverallprevalenceofDRandtheprevalencewithdifferentdurationofdiabetesandalsoabetterunderstandingoftheriskfactorsassociatedwithDR.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.

简介：AIM:Todemonstratethemorphologyandstructureofinvitroreconstructedtissue-engineeredhumancornealepithelium(TE-HCEP)withseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline.·METHODS:TheTE-HCEPswerereconstructedinvitrowithseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline,andscaffoldcarriersofdenudedamnioticmembrane(dAM)inair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5,7and9days,respectively.Thespecimenswereexaminedwithhematoxylin-eosin(HE)stainingofparaffin-section,immunocytochemicalstaining,scanningandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.·RESULTS:DuringinvitroreconstructionofTE-HCEP,HCEPcellsformeda3-4,6-7and8-10layersofanHCEP-likestructureondAMsinair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5and7days,respectively.Butthecellsdeceasedto5-6layersandthestructureofstraifiedepitheliumbecamelooseatday9.Andthecellsmaintainedpositiveexpressionofmarkerproteins(keratin3andkeratin12),cell-junctionproteins(zonulaoccludens-1,E-cadherin,connexin43andintegrinβ1)andmembranetransportproteinofNa+-K+ATPase.TheHCEPcellsinTE-HCEPwererichinmicrovillionapicalsurfaceandestablishednumerouscell-cellandcell-dAMjunctionsatday5.·CONCLUSION:ThemorphologyandstructureofthereconstructedTE-HCEPweresimilartothoseofHCEPinvivo.TheHCEPcellsinthereconstructedTE-HCEPmaintainedthepropertiesofHCEPcells,includingabilitiesofformingintercellularandcell-extracellularmatrixjunctionsandabilitiesofperformingmembranetransportation.TheuntransfectedHCEPcellsanddAMscouldpromisinglybeusedinreconstructionHCEPequivalentforclinicalcornealepitheliumtransplantation.