简介：海岛是适合步行探索的，迷人的海岸天际线上，观日出日落，看潮来汹涌澎湃，追汐去滩涂寻宝。等身体疲惫，又可寻舒适处独坐，看远处蔚蓝的海天一色，茫茫中寻觅心中所有的美好。亦可将自己放平在沙滩，融入天空的风云变幻中，听海的女儿浅吟低唱催眠曲，做一个蓝蓝的梦，邂逅心底温柔的美丽。

简介：最近科学家在美国怀俄明州的一个远古湖泊里发现一只长达5厘米的巨型蚂蚁化石。这种名lqTitanomyrma类lubei的蚂蚁生活在大约5000万年前，体形跟蜂鸟差不多，是迄今为止发现的最大蚁种。

简介：在回答“为什么是这七大?”这个问题的同时，我们自然也会问“为什么就七大?”。答案恐怕无从寻觅，因为不知该问谁。“世界七大奇迹”这一说法很难说应归功于某一个人，现在，这一说法通常指的是“古代世界七大奇迹”(以别于跟风而起的其他“XXX奇迹”)。将人类(而不是神)最伟大的创造进行罗列、排名的历史，可以追溯到公元前五世纪。当时，来

简介：为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末（0、100、200、400μg·mL^-1）对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星实验）检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率（TailDNA%）和尾矩（TailMoment）均显著增加（p〈0.01）;同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组（p〈0.01）.以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.

简介：金山农民画画不讲技术和规则，全凭本能和印象作画，他们将田间耕种劳作的思维和热惰移植到画面上，将一张张白纸当作黄土田畴一样悉心伺弄。就像在种地的时候，每一块都要种到，他们在画画的时候也同样不让一块纸头闲下来，每一个角落都要填得满满的。

简介：为准确评价臭氧（O3）浓度升高对农作物的影响，运用田间原位开顶气室（open-topchamber，OTC）研究了高浓度O3对油菜光合作用、生物量和产量的影响．实验包括3种O3水平，一种为经活性炭过滤的空气（CF），两种高浓度O3处理：经活性炭过滤后的空气加入恒定浓度为100nL·L^-1的O3（CF100）；经活性炭过滤后的空气加入具有日变化特征，其平均浓度和剂量与CF100相同的O3（CF100D）．结果表明，CF100和CF100D均能使油菜叶片膜透性和H2O2自由基含量增加，光合色素含量和光合速率（photosynthesisrate，Pn）降低，最终导致油菜生物量和产量降低．与CF相比，CF100和CF100D熏气下油菜单位面积产量分别降低3．7％和18．6％．同时，实验还表明，CF100D对油菜的影响大于相同剂量的CF100．以上结果表明：1）高浓度的O3（CF100和CF100D）能够破坏细胞膜系统，减少光合色素数量，降低光合速率，从而降低作物生物量和产量；2）相同平均浓度和剂量的高浓度O3，对油菜的影响因熏气方式的不同而有明显差异，目前采用的O3，平均浓度和O3，剂量指标不能准确评价O3，浓度升高对油菜的影响．

简介：Globalclimatechangeisoneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesfacedbyhumans.Existingevidenceindicatesthattheanthropogenicpushforariseintheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases（GHGs）（particularlyCO2）hasbeenaprimarycauseforglobalwarming.Asidefromeconomicandteclinologicalfactors,demographicdynamics（includinghumanconsumptioninabroaddemographicsense）hasbeenamajordriverforCO2emissions.Inthispaper,weperformedbothnonlinearregressionanalysis（basedontheSTIRPATmodel）andgraycorrelationdegreeanalysis（basedongraysystemtheory）ontheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions.OurresultsrevealthatCO2emissionsarepositivelycorrelatedwithpopulationsizeandGDPpercapitaandnegativelycorrelatedwithenergyintensity.WealsoshowthatgraycorrelationdegreewithCO2emissionsforfivevariables（i.e.,householdconsumption,urbanizationrate,householdsize,populationagingrate,populationsize）variessubstantially:householdconsumption>urbanizationrate>householdsize>populationagingrate>populationsize,withhouseholdconsumptionbeingthehighest,andpopulationsizethelowest.TomitigatetheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions,itisofvitalsignificancetonurturepeople’sawarenessofsustainableconsumptionandtoadheretocurrentpopulationcontrolpolicies.

简介：HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.

简介：云南省西双版纳州景洪市大勐龙镇,气候潮湿、温暖,水土丰美,村寨周围种植着大片橡胶、香蕉、西瓜等经济作物。近年,由于国际橡胶价格的下跌,橡胶产业的衰落,当地本来占主要经济来源的橡胶种植业逐渐萎缩。很多农户把土地租给江浙一带来的香蕉老板,自己又受雇于这些老板种植香蕉获得收入。同时,在这些土地上养牛也成为农户的一大收入来源。记者在这里看到品种混杂的牛

简介：为探究并比较淡水鱼种日本青鳉早期发育阶段对Cu2＋和Cd2＋等重金属胁迫的响应,在实验室通过半静态方式,对日本青鳉受精卵和仔稚鱼分别进行了48h和96h急性毒性实验。结果表明：Cu2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为8.164mg·L（-1）和6.965mg·L（-1）;Cd2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为63.084mg·L（-1）和53.093mg·L（-1）;较低浓度组Cu（2＋）（≤1.97mg·L（-1））时日本青鳉胚胎的发育速率快于对照组,而较高浓度组（≥3.87mg·L（-1））胚胎的发育速率则慢于对照组;与Cu（2＋）略有不同,无论浓度高低Cd（2＋）对胚胎的孵化速率均产生抑制作用;Cu（2＋）和Cd（2＋）质量浓度分别高于1.97mg·L（-1）和19.68mg·L（-1）时,两种重金属离子均显著降低胚胎的孵化率（P〈0.05）。Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.361mg·L（-1）、2.844mg·L（-1）、2.020mg·L（-1）和1.352mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为15.907mg·L（-1）、10.550mg·L（-1）、7.986mg·L（-1）和6.346mg·L（-1）;Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.732mg·L（-1）、4.037mg·L（-1）、2.498mg·L（-1）和1.955mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼的24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为16.419mg·L（-1）、11.745mg·L（-1）、8.516mg·L（-1）和6.776mg·L（-1）。与其它淡水水生生物相比,日本青鳉仔稚鱼对铜和镉离子较为敏感。

简介：AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.

简介：EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth

简介：采用样方调查和随机采样相结合的方法,对衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地6种微地形（包括：原状坡（CK）、浅沟（Ⅰ）、切沟（Ⅱ）、塌陷（Ⅲ）、缓台（Ⅳ）和陡坎（Ⅴ））的土壤水分及地上生物量进行调查和研究.结果表明：（1）6种微地形两两配对的Wilcoxon秩检验,CK~Ⅰ（0.110）、Ⅱ~Ⅲ（0.109）、Ⅱ~Ⅳ（0.973）和Ⅳ~Ⅴ（0.339）的相关性不显著外（P〉0.05）,其余两两配对的相关性达到显著或极显著正相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;（2）6种微地形中,从土层（0~20cm）→土层（20~40cm）→土层（40~60cm）,土壤含水量显著减小（P〈0.05）.0~60cm土层,各微地形土壤含水量的大小顺序为：Ⅲ（13.32%）〉Ⅳ（12.28%）〉Ⅰ（10.30%）〉Ⅱ（12.03%）〉CK（9.53%）〉Ⅴ（8.22%）（P〈0.05）;（3）6种微地形中,从土层（0~20cm）→土层（20~40cm）→土层（40~60cm）,土壤水分的变异系数显著减小（P〈0.05）.0~60cm土层,各微地形土壤水分变异系数的大小顺序为：Ⅴ（26.0%）〉Ⅳ（25.9%）〉CK（24.9%）〉Ⅱ（20.7%）〉Ⅲ（18.0%）〉Ⅰ（15.1%）（P〈0.05）;（4）不同微地形的生物量的大小顺序为：Ⅲ（263.82g/m2）〉Ⅱ（254.29g/m2）〉Ⅰ（238.67g/m2）〉CK（193.61g/m2）〉Ⅳ（154.86g/m2）〉Ⅴ（122.35g/m2）（P〈0.05）,微地形生物量与0~60cm土壤水分的变异系数呈负相关（y=-0.006x＋35.30,＊＊R2=0.690）.研究结果表明：在衡阳紫色土丘陵坡进行植被恢复时,在按传统立地类型划分原则的基础上,还应按微地形的水分特征有区别地配置植被恢复模式.图1,表4,参24.

简介：Inthispaper,weconstructamodelinwhichtheimpactofpollutiononhealthisexertedthroughbothdirectandindirectchannels.Theindirectchanneliscapturedbyaproductionfunc-tioninwhichtheprincipalhealth-improvingfactor,incomegrowth,canberealizedonlyinthecostofpollutionincrease.Thismodelisthentestedbytheaggregatedchroniclediseasedatainover78Chinesecounties.Ourresultsshow,afterattainingthethresholdof8μg/m2,continuousincreaseinindustrialSO2emissiondensitywillleadtheratioofpopulationsufferingchroniclediseases,amongwhichrespiratorydiseasesoccupyasignificantproportion,torise.However,owingtotechnologicalprogressinpollutioncontrolactivities,theneededSO2emissiontoproduceoneunitofGDPdiminisheswithtime.Therefore,thenegativeeffectfrompollutionaugmentationonpublichealthseemstoberecompensedmoreandmorebythepositiveeffectofeconomicgrowth.

简介：ThispaperproposestouseDEAmodelswithundesirableoutputstoconstructtheMalmquistindexthatcanbeusetoinvestigatethedynamicchangesofCO2emissionperformance.Withtheindex,theauthorshavemeasuredtheCO2emissionperformanceof28provincesandautonomousregionsinChinafrom1996to2007;withtheconvergencetheoryandpaneldataregressionmodel,theauthorsanalyzetheregionaldifferencesandtheinfluencingfactors.ItisfoundthattheperformanceofCO2emissionsinChinahasbeencontinuouslyimprovedmainlyduetothetechnologicalprogress,andtheaverageimprovementrateis3.25%,withacumulativeimprovementrateof40.86%.Inaddition,theCO2emissionperformancevariesacrossfourregions.Asawhole,theperformancescoreofeasternChinaisthehighest.ThenortheasternandcentralChinahasrelativelylowerperformancescores,andthewesternChinaisrelativelybackward.Theregionaldifferencesaredecreasing,andtheperformanceofCO2emissionsisconvergent.TheinfluenceofsomefactorsontheperformanceofCO2emissionsissignificant,suchasthelevelofeconomicdevelopment,thelevelofindustrialstructure,energyintensity,andownershipstructure.Theinfluenceofsomefactors,suchasopening-uptotheoutsideworld,ontheperformanceofCO2emissionsisnotsignificant..

简介：WhenaccountingtheCO2emissionsresponsibilityoftheelectricitysectorattheprovinciallevelinChina,itisofgreatsignificancetoconsiderthescopeofbothproducers’andtheconsumers’responsibility,sincethiswillpromotefairnessindefiningemissionresponsibilityandenhancecooperationinemissionreductionamongprovinces.Thispaperproposesanewmethodforcalculatingcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelbasedonthesharedresponsibilityprincipleandtakingintoaccountinterregionalpowerexchange.Thismethodcannotonlybeusedtoaccounttheemissionresponsibilitysharedbyboththeelectricityproductionsideandtheconsumptionside,butitisalsoapplicableforcalculatingthecorrespondingemissionresponsibilityundertakenbythoseprovinceswithnetelectricityoutflowandinflow.ThismethodhasbeenusedtoaccountforthecarbonemissionsresponsibilitiesofthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelinChinasince2011.Theempiricalresultsindicatethatcomparedwiththeproduction-basedaccountingmethod,thecarbonemissionsofmajorpower-generationprovincesinChinacalculatedbythesharedresponsibilityaccountingmethodarereducedbyatleast10%,butthoseofotherpower-consumptionprovincesareincreasedby20%ormore.Secondly,basedontheprincipleofsharedresponsibilityaccounting,InnerMongoliahasthehighestcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorwhileHainanhasthelowest.Thirdly,fourprovinces,includingInnerMongolia,Shanxi,HubeiandAnhui,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflow-14milliontin2011,accountingfor74.42%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflowinChina.Sixprovinces,includingHebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,andJiangsu,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflow-11milliontin2011,accountingfor71.44%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflowinChina.Lastly,thispaperhasestimatedtheemissionfactorsofelectricity

简介：Thispaperquantifiesadecompositionanalysisofenergy-relatedCO2emissionsintheindustrialsectorsofShanghaiovertheperiod1994-2007.TheLog-MeanDivisiaIndex(LMDI)methodisappliedtothisstudyintermsofsixfactors:laborforce,labormobility,grosslaborproductivity,energyintensity,fuelmix,andemissioncoefficient.Inaddition,thedecouplingeffectbetweenindustrialeconomicgrowthandCO2emissionsisanalyzedtoevaluateCO2mitigationstrategiesforShanghai.TheresultsshowthatalllaborproductivityhasthelargestpositiveeffectonCO2emissionchangesintheindustrialsectors,whereaslabormobilityandenergyintensityarethemaincomponentsfordecreasingCO2emissions.OtherfactorshavedifferenteffectsonCO2mitigationindifferentsub-periods.AlthougharelativedecouplingofindustrialCO2emissionsfromtheeconomicgrowthinShanghaihasbeenfound,ShanghaishouldkeeppacewiththeindustrialCO2emissionsreductionbyimplementinglow-carbontechnology.Theseresultshaveimportantpolicyimplications:PlanCisthereasonablechoiceforShanghai.

简介：为研究水生生物对水体中重金属和有机磷农药毒性的响应,研究了锯齿新米虾暴露在Cu2＋、毒死蜱单一溶液和毒性1：1混合溶液下的响应状况,同时采用相加指数法对混合毒性进行了评价。单一毒性试验结果表明：毒死蜱对锯齿新米虾的毒性显著高于Cu（2＋）（p〈0.01）;Cu（2＋）对锯齿新米虾未觉察反应浓度（NOEC）和最低觉察反应浓度（LOEC）分别为1.78mg·L（-1）、2.40mg·L（-1）,24、48、72和96h的LC_（50）分别为6.41、4.75、4.20和3.44mg·L（-1）;毒死蜱对锯齿新米虾NOEC和LOEC分别为0.04μg·L（-1）、0.07μg·L（-1）,24、48、72和96h的LC50分别为035、0.17、0.11和0.06μg·L（-1）;参考鱼类毒性分级标准,Cu（2＋）对锯齿新米虾为高毒,而毒死蜱为剧毒。混合毒性试验结果表明：采用Cu（2＋）和毒死蜱毒性1：1进行试验时,暴露时间为24、48、72和96h的相加指数（AI）分别为0.02、0.45、1.86和223,即混合毒性为协同作用。通过研究锯齿新米虾对Cu（2＋）、毒死蜱单一和联合毒性的响应,可为水环境污染与防治、物种多样性保护提供科学依据。

简介：采用半静水式实验方法,研究Pb^2＋暴露30d对中华大蟾蜍（BufobufogargarizansCantor）生理状态和耳后腺分泌蟾蜍甾烯水平的影响。结果表明,随Pb^2＋浓度（0.68~5.46mg·L^-1）升高,蜕皮和自发活动减少,存活率下降。进一步采用液相-质谱检测技术发现,0.68mg·L^-1Pb^2＋暴露下,10种蟾蜍甾烯水平出现1.5倍以上变化。5.46mg·L^-1Pb^2＋暴露下,17种蟾蜍甾烯水平发生下调（〉1.5倍）,其中bufarenogin水平显著下降（P〈0.05）,其他物质水平与对照组无显著性差异。这说明Pb^2＋暴露对蟾蜍耳后腺中蟾蜍甾烯物质具有潜在影响。

简介：城市的发展与扩张导致生物栖息地与农林用地的减少,同时大量不透水材料的应用,打破了雨水的良性循环,导致城市洪涝干旱年年发生.于是,雨水花园更为广泛的应用模式成为了城市建设者们探索的焦点.以武汉市百步亭景兰苑小区为例,该设计尝试将雨水花园与住区景观设计相结合,营造一个安全、生态、经济、美观的城市绿色住区环境.图1,参5.