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简介：Chinahaspublishedastricteremissionstandardforthermalpowerplantsinordertohelpreducethepowerindustry'ssulfurdioxideemissionsbyoversixmillio

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简介：Migraine,amoderatetoseverechronicheadacheoccurringononeorbothsides,isacommondiseaseaffectsyoungpeople.Althoughhearinglossinsubjectswithmigraineisnotrare,thecorrelationofmigrainewithhearinglossisnotclear.Inthisstudy,weexaminedhearinglossinyoungmigrainesubjectstodetermineifmigrainemaybeafactorincausingcochleardysfunction.Sevencollegestudentswithmigraineandthreeagematchedsubjectswithouthistoryofmigrainewereassessedusingextendedhighfrequencyaudiometryanddistortionproductotoacousticemissions(DPOAEs).Therewasnosignificantdifferenceinregularaudiomeirythresholdbetweenthemigrainegroupandthecontrolgroup.However,highfrequencyaudiometry(9-16kHz)showedthresholdsat25dBnHLorhigherinsixoutoftwentyearsinthemigrainegroup.TheamplitudeofDPOAEswerereducedformorethan10dBinthemigrainegroupincomparisonwiththecontrolgroup.ThesedatasuggestthatmigrainemayaffectcochleardysfunctionevidencedbythereducedamplitudeofDPOAEandhighfrequencypure-toneaudiometry.

简介：Thecarbondioxideemissionsoftheprovinceswouldbecalculatedfrom1995to2008.Andwecomparetheprovinces'carbondioxideemissionsandpopulationdevelopment.Wefoundthattherelationshipbetweenpopulationandcarbondioxideemissionsarenotasimplecorrelation.Inordertoprobetherelation,weintroducetheeconomicvariableintotheresearch,takeadvantagethecointegrationanalysisandGrangercausalitytest.Thepaperfoundthatthepopulationandeconomicgrowthisthemainreasonofcarbondioxideemissionchange.Inshortrunthepopulationgrowthwouldimpactthecarbondioxideemissions,andincreaseincarbondioxideemissionscannotbesimplyattributedtooverpopulation,economicgrowthimpactoncarbondioxideemissionsmorestrongly.

简介：Countriesintheworldhavetakenavarietyofmeanstocontrolcarbonemissionsbasedontheserioussituationofglobalwarming,theconceptoflow-carboneconomyandtheprovisionsaboutemissionsintheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)andtheKyotoProtocol.Withthemeasuresofemissionsreductions,thesystemofcarbonemissionstradingistakingshape.ItisnecessaryforChinaasthebignaturalresourcesconsumptioncountrytoestablishitsowncarbonemissionstradingsystem.ByintroducingthecarbonemissionstradingsystemoftheEuropeanUnion,AmericaandJapan,andanalyzingthemarketandpoliciesbeenformed,thecarbonemissionstradingsysteminChinacanbeestablishedfromtheinitialconfigurationoftheemissionsrights,thesubjectandobjectofcarbonemissionstrading,establishingthecarbonemissionstradingexchangeandsupervisingandregulatingthecarbonemissionstrading.

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简介：AllsevenemissionstradingpilotsinChinaoperateindependently.Onechallengefacingmostofthemisthelowinclusionthresholdsforenterprisesandthefewtotalcoveredemissions,whichnegativelyinfluencestheeffectsoftheemissionstradingsystems(ETSs).Somepilotsites,suchasGuangdong,Hubei,TianjinandBeijing,haveindicatedtheirwillingnesstolinktheirschemeswithothers.ETSlinkingcouldexpandschemecoveragesandthereforehelptoreducetheoverallcostsofachievingthelinkedschemes’emissionscontroltargets.Linkingcouldalsohelptoaddresstheissuesofcarbonleakageandreducepricefluctuations.Thepotentialbenefitsandfeasibilityoflinkingdifferentpilotsystemsareanalyzedinthisarticle.Thesevenpilotregionsareatdifferentstagesofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,withsignificantdifferencesintotalemissionsandemissionsstructuresaswellascarbonabatementpotentialsandcosts.Throughlinking,more-developedregionssuchasBeijing,ShanghaiandShenzhen,whicharetypicallyconsideredtofacehighermitigationcosts,willhavetheopportunitytoachievetheiremissionscontroltargetsbypurchasingcarbonunitsfromless-developedregions,whichwillearnfinancialrevenuesfromsellingtheunits.Torealizethiswin-winresult,aseriesofpolicyandtechnicalbarriersatboththecentralgovernmentandpilotgovernmentlevelsneedstobeovercome.Establishingaunifiednationalemissionstradingmarketwouldappeartobetheidealsolutiontothesechallenges,butitwilltakeconsiderabletimeandwillnotbetheshort-termsolution.Intheabsenceofaunifiednationalscheme,itisrecommendedthatthecentralgovernmentencouragepilotschemestolink,thatitdevelopscorrespondingnationalpoliciestosupportthelinkingeffortsandthatthepilotschemesthatareintendedtobelinkedcoordinateoncertaindesignelements.Basedonthecoordinatingneed,themajorelementsofanETScanbedividedintofourcategories:elementsthatneedmutualrecognition(capset

简介：Allplantsemitawiderangeofvolatilecompounds,theso-calledbiogenicvolatileorganiccompounds(BVOC).BVOCemissionshavereceivedincreasedscientificattentioninthelasttwodecadesbecausetheymayprofoundlyinfluencethechemicalandphysicalpropertiesoftheatmosphere,andmaymodulateplanttolerancetoheat,pollutants,oxidativestressandabioticstresses,andaffectplant-plantandplant-insectinteractions.Urbanforestrymayhaveahighimpactonatmosphericcomposition,airquality,environment,andqualityoflifeinurbanareas.However,fewstudieshavebeencarriedoutwheretheemissionofBVOCcouldhaveimportantconsequenceforthequalityofairandcontributetopollutionepisodes.AscreeningofBVOCemissionbythemixedstandconstitutingurbanforestsisthereforerequiredifemissionsaretobereliablypredicted.Monitoringtheemissionratessimultaneouslywithmeasurementsofairquality,plantphysiologyandmicrometeorologyonselectedurbanforests,willallowdetailedquantitativeinformationontheinventoryofBVOCemissionsbyurbanvegetationtobecompiled.Thisinformationwillmakeitpossibletoproposeaninnovativemanagementofurbanvegetationincitiescharacterisedbyheavyemissionsofanthropogenicpollutants,aimingattheabatementofBVOCemissionsthroughtheintroductionorselectionofnon-BVOCemittingspeciesinurbanareassubjectedtopollutionepisodesandinthenewafforestationareascoveringperi-urbanparks,greenbeltsandgreencorridorsbetweenperi-urbanruralareasandtheconurbations.

简介：Althoughstimulusfrequencyotoacousticemissions(SFOAEs)havebeenusedasanon-invasivemeasureofcochlearmechanics,clinicalandexperimentalapplicationofSFOAEshasbeenlimitedbydifficultiesinaccuratelyderivingquantitativeinformationfromsoundpressuremeasuredintheearcanal.Inthisstudy,anovelsignalprocessingmethodformulticomponentanalysis(MCA)wasusedtomeasuretheamplitudeanddelayoftheSFOAE.Thisreportshowsthedelay-frequencydistributionoftheSFOAEmeasuredfromthehumanear.AlowlevelacousticalsuppressorneartheprobetonesignificantlysuppressedtheSFOAE,stronglyindicatingthattheSFOAEwasgeneratedatcharacteristicfrequencylocations.Informationderivedfromthismethodmayrevealmoredetailsofcochlearmechanicsinthehumanear.

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简介：Thetransportationindustryisanessentialsectorforcarbonemissionsmitigation.ThispaperfirstlyusedtheLMDI(LogarithmicMeanDivisiaIndex)decompositionmethodtoestablishfactorsdecompositionmodelonChina’stransportationcarbonemission.Then,aquantitativeanalysiswasperformedtostudythefactorsinfluencingChina’stransportationcarbonemissionsfrom1991to2008,whichareidentifiedastransportationenergyefficiency,transportationstructureandtransportationdevelopment.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)Theimpactoftransportationdevelopmentontransportationcarbonemissionsshowedpullingfunction.Itscontributionvaluetocarbonemissionsremainedathighgrowthsince1991andshowedanexponentialgrowthtrend.(2)Theimpactoftransportationstructureontransportationcarbonemissionsshowedpromotingfunctioningeneral,butitsroleinpromotingcarbonemissionsdecreasedyearbyyear.Andwiththecontinuousoptimizationoftransportationstructure,thepromotingeffectdecreasedgraduallyandshowedtheinversed"U"trend.(3)Theimpactoftransportationenergyefficiencyontransportationcarbonemissionsshowedafunctionofinhibitionbeforepulling.Inordertopredictthepotentialofcarbonemissionreduction,threescenarioswereset.Analysisofthescenariosshowedthatifgreaterintensityemissionreductionmeasuresaretaken,thecarbonemissionswillreduceby31.01milliontonsby2015andby48.81milliontonsby2020.

简介：一个有磁力地旋转的反应堆(MRR)在吸收苯排出物被开发了并且使用。MRR有一个永久磁铁核心并且使用磁性的离子的液体[bmim]FeCl4是吸收剂。苯排出物被N2带进MRR并且被磁性的离子的液体吸收。永久磁铁核心的旋转为磁性的离子的液体的焦虑提供了动力，提高集体转移并且使苯更好在吸收剂驱散。0.68g苯排出物能被克吸收[bmim]FeCl4，比那高的0.27和0.40g/g由[bmim]PF6并且[bmim]BF4分别地。吸收率与增加永久磁铁的旋转率增加了。

简介：Manystudiesindicatedthattheproductsofbiosphereburninghaveshortandlong-termeffectsontheatmosphere.Vegetationburningcanproducesomegaseswhichhavesignificantinfluenceonenvironment,includingsomegreenhousegasesasCO2andCH4,etc.Smokeaerosolsproducedfromburningalsoinfluenceglobalclimateandatmosphericchemistry.Thepapercalculatestheconsumedbiomassduetoforestfiresaccordingtothestatisticsofforestfiresfrom1991to2000andresearchresultsofbiomassofChineseforests.Duringthestudyperiod,forestfiresburnedaverage5Tg-7Tgbiomasseachyearanddirectlyemitted20.24Tg-28.56Tgcarbon.In1991-2000,averageemissionofcarbondioxideandCH4accountfor2.7%-3.9%and3.3%-4.7%ofthetotalemissionofChina(calculatingwiththedataof2000),respectively.

简介：Atmosphericescapeisakeyprocesscontrollingthelongtermevolutionofplanets.Radiativecoolingcompetesforenergyagainstatmosphericescapeinplanetaryupperatmospheres.Inthiswork,weuseapopulationbalancemethodandaMonteCarlomodeltocalculatethepreviouslyignoredemissionsofmetals(C,N,Oandtheirions)andcomparethemwithradiativerecombinationofHIIandLy-αemissionofHI,whicharethemostefficientcoolingmechanismscurrentlyrecognizedintheupperatmospheresofhotJupiters.TheresultsshowthattheemissionsofC,N,Oandtheirionsarestrongnon-linearfunctionsofenvironmentalparameters(temperature,density,etc.)andarelikelytobeefficientcoolingmechanismsintheupperatmospheresofclose-inexoplanets.

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