简介：NonlinearopticalpropertiesofstimulatedBrillouinscattering(SBS)tosignaldetectioninwaterareanalyzed.Withthethresholdcharacteristics,SBSonlyoccurswhenthehighpowerlaserisfocusedintheSBScell.Whenthereisanobjectpresentinfrontofthefocus,itleadstolowerincidentintensityandthenSBSdoesnotoccur.ThebackwardSBSsignaldependsonthefocusinglocation.ThenonlinearopticalpropertiesofSBSprocessinthefocusingregimeareanalyzedtheoretically.Withtheobjectcomingneartothefocusingcenter,thebackwardStokessignalrisesupfromzerotoamaximum,andthengrowstosaturation.Thedelaytimeoftheechosignaltopumpsignalcangivetheobjectlocation.Inexperiment,thepeakpositionofvaryingrateofenergycangiveobjectlocation.

简介：Anovelmethodofmeasuringnon-uniformstrainalongafiberBragggrating(FBG)usingopticalfrequencydomainreflectometry(OFDR)isproposedandexperimentallydemonstrated.Thismethodcanovercometheproblemsoftraditionalnon-uniformstrainmeasurementmethodsforFBGs,i.e.,thelikelihoodofchirpingandmultiplepeakinginthespectrumwhenFBGissubjectedtoinhomogeneousstrainfields.WavelengthinterrogationisrealizedbyOFDRwithanarrow-line-widthtunablelaserastheopticalsource.Whennon-uniformstraindistributionsalongareasadjacenttostructuraldamagearemeasuredbythismethod,goodagreementisobtainedbetweenmeasurementsandtheoreticalsimulationresults.

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简介：Thereappeartobethreeprincipleforcesdrivingthefutureofnewdrugdevelopment:under-standingthegenome-transcrip-tome-protemecorrelations,under-standingandmappingproteinposttrans-lationalmodification(PTM)pathways,andintegrationofmassspectrometry(MS)techniquesintoroutineproteinidentificationandcharacterization.