简介：TheLateCretaceousMambagranodioritebelongstoapartoftheMesozoicGangdesecontinentalmagmaticbelt.Noquantitativemineralogicalstudyhasbeenmadehitherto,andhencethedepthatwhichitformedispoorlyconstrained.HerewepresentmineralogicaldatafortheMambapluton,includinghostrocksandtheirmaficmicrogranularenclaves(MMEs),toprovideinsightsintotheiroverallcrystallizationconditionsandinformationaboutmagmamixing.AllamphibolesintheMambaplutonarecalcic,with~B(Ca+Na)>1.5,andSi=6.81–7.42apfuforthehostrocksandSi=6.77–7.35apfufortheMMEs.Theparamountcationsubstitutionsinamphiboleincludeedenitetypeandtschermakitetype.BiotitesbothinthehostrocksandtheMMEscollectivelyhavehighMgO(13.19wt.%–13.03wt.%)contents,butdefineanarrowrangeofAlapfu(atomsperformulaunit)variations(2.44–2.57).TheoxygenfugacityestimatesarebasedonthebiotitecompositionsclusteraroundtheNNObuffer.Thecalculatedpressurerangesfrom1.2to2.1kbaraccordingtothealuminum-in-hornblendebarometer.Thecomputedpressurevariesfrom0.9to1.3kbarbasedonthealuminum-in-biotitebarometerwhichcorrespondstoanaveragedepthofca.3.9km.Besides,theestimatesofcrystallizationpressuresvaryfrom0.8to1.4kbarbasedontheamphibolebarometerproposedbyRidolfietal.(2010),whichcanbeequivalenttothedepthsrangingfrom3.1to5.2km.TheMMEshaveplagioclaseoscillatoryzoningsandquartzaggregates,probablyindicatingthepresenceofmagmamixing.Besides,core-to-rimelementvariations(Rb,Sr,Ba,andP)fortheK-feldsparmegacrystsserveasrobustevidencetosupportmagmamixingandcrystalfractionation.ThisindicatesthesignificanceofthemagmamixingthatcontributestotheformationofK-feldsparmegacrystzoningsintheMambapluton.

简介：南部Qiongdongnan盆高举没有井在有beens的一个深海的区域被钻。在Xisha岛的中新世第四级的阶层，是到南方的定位40-100km，由碳酸盐礁石形成组成。盆的Paleotectonic和paleogeographic分析建议南部高举为碳酸盐礁石的发展的富有经验的有利地质的条件在期间中新世。高阻抗的碳酸盐在地震侧面上有高振幅和低频率。礁石在paleotectonic高度上是分布式的并且比同时期的形成厚。在碳酸盐厚度的变化的一个前面的模型能与不同厚度基于从在附近的区域的井的lithological和速度信息模仿碳酸盐的地震反应。我们为从地震侧面决定碳酸盐的厚度识别了几个重要控制点，包括pinchout点，/4厚度点，和/2厚度点。我们基于这个模型在南部的Qiongdongnan盆的深海的区域描绘一张碳酸盐厚度地图。碳酸盐厚度地图，paleotectonic和paleogeographic背景，和礁石的地震反应特征建议那发展了在上的碳酸盐南部Qiongdongnan盆高举在期间中新世主要是一个孤立的碳酸盐站台半岛和斜面存款。它由轻轻的斜面站台，陡峭的斜坡站台，站台消沉，严肃流动，和礁石银行外形组成了。

简介：InordertoexaminetheseasonalandspatialdistributionsofbenthicanimalsintheintertidalmudflatofthesouthernYellowRiverDelta,fieldinvestigationswerecarriedoutin2007and2008andmultiplemethodswereapplied.Resultsshowedthat,thebiomassofmacrobenthosrangedat0.75-1151.00gwetm-2andaveragedat156.31gwetm-2,inwhichMactraveneriformisaccountedfor75.6%-93.4%ofthetotalmacrobenthicbiomass.Morethan90%ofmacrobenthosinhabitedinthemiddleandlowtidelines,andhigherbiomassoccurredinearlysummerandlowerinwinter.Statisticalanalysisshowedthat:1)M.veneriformisgrowthwasprimarilyfavoredathighertemperatureandlowersalinity;2)afterlongtimeinteraction,benthicbivalvegrazersledtopatchingdistributionsofChlorophylla(Chla);3)macrobenthicbiomasspositivelyrelatedwithChlawhentheconcentrationofChlawaslow,buttheywerenegativelyrelatedwhenChlaconcentrationwashigh;and4)furthermore,thebiomassofbenthicbivalvespeakedinthesedimentwithmediangrainsizeabout0.55mm,butdecreasedgraduallyincoarseorfinesediments.Thesecondaryproductivityrangedat0.37?283.68gm-2yr-1andaveragedat47.88gm-2yr-1,inwhich69.7%wascontributedbyM.veneriformisItwasestimatedthatprimaryproductionwastransformedtosecondaryproductionatarateof6.87%approximately,whichimpliesthatthereisalocalsustainabilityofhighbivalveproduction.

简介：UsingpureSwavefittingmethod,westudiedtheshearwavevelocitystructuresundertheOrdosblockanditseasternandsouthernmarginalareas.TheresultsshowthatthevelocitystructurebeneathYulinstationintheinteriorofOrdosblockisrelativelystable,wherenoapparentchangebetweenhighandlowvelocitylayersexistsandtheshearwavevelocityincreasessteadilywiththedepth.Thereisa12kmthicklayeratthedepthof25kmunderthisstation,withanSwavevelocity(Vs=3.90km/s)lowerthanthatatthesamedepthinitseasternandsouthernareas(Vs≥4.00km/s).ThecrustundertheeasternmarginofOrdosblockisthickerthanthatoftheYulinstation,andthevelocitystructuresalternatebetweenthehighandIowvelocitylayers,withmorelowvelocitylayers.Ithasthesamecharacteristicashavinga10km-thicklowvelocitylayer(Vs=3.80km/s)inthelowercrustbutburiedatadepthofabout35km.Moreover,westudiedtheVi/VsratioundereachstationincombinationwiththeresultofPwavevelocityinversion.Theresultsshowthat,theaveragevelocityratiooftheYulinstationattheinteriorofOrdosblockisonly1.68,withaverylowratio(about1.60)intheuppercrustandastableratioofabout1.73inthemidandlowercrust,whichindicatesthemediaunderthisstationishomogenousandstable,beinginastateofrigidity.ButatthestationsintheeasternandsouthernmarginsoftheOrdosblock,severallayersofhighvelocityratio(about1.80)havebeenfound,inwhichtheaveragevelocityratiounderKelanandLishistationsattheeasternmarginissystemicallyhigherthanthatofthegeneralelasticalbodywaves(1.732).Thisreflectsthatthecrustunderthemarginalareasismoreactiverelatively,andothermaterialsmayexistintheselayers.Finally,wediscussedtherelationshipamongearthquakes,velocitystructuresbeneathstationsandfaults.

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简介：Weanalyzed360permanentandcampaignGPSdatafrom1999to2017inthesouthernSichuan-Yunanblock,andobtainedcrustalhorizontaldeformationinthisregion.Then,wederivedthestrainrateusingamulti-scalesphericalwaveletmethod.ResultsrevealacomplexpatternoftectonicmovementinthesouthernSichuan-Yunnanblock.ComparedtothestableEurasianplate,themaximumrateofthehorizontaldeformationinthesouthernSichuan-Yunnanblockisapproximately22mm/a.TheXiaojiangfaultshowsasignificantlylowerdeformation—aleft-lateralstrike-slipmovementof9.5mm/a.TheHonghefaultclearlyshowsacomplexsegmentaldeformationfromthenorthtosouth.ThenorthernHonghefaultshows4.3mm/arightstrike-slipwith6.7mm/aextension;thesouthernHonghefaultshows1.9mm/arightstrike-slipwith1.9mm/aextension;thejunctionzoneintheHongheandLijiang–Xiaojinhefaultsshowsanobviousclockwise-rotationdeformation.Thestraincalculationresultsrevealthatthemaximumshear-strainrateinthisregionreaches70nstrain/a,concentratedaroundtheXiaojiangfaultandatthejunctionoftheHongheandLijiang–Xiaojinhefaults.Wenotethatmostoftheearthquakeswithmagnitudesof4andabovethatoccurredinthisregionwerewithinthehighshearstrain-ratezonesandthestrainrategradientboundaryzone,whichindicatesthatthemagnitudeofstrainaccumulationiscloselyrelatedtotheseismicactivities.Comparisonofthefastshear-wavepolarizationdirectionoftheupper-crustwiththeupper-mantleanisotropyandthedirectionofthesurfaceprincipalcompressivestrainrateobtainedfromtheinversionoftheGPSdatarevealsthatthedirectionofthesurfaceprincipalcompressivestrainisbasicallyconsistentwiththefastshear-wavepolarizationdirectionoftheuppercrustanisotropy,butdifferentfromthepolarizationdirectionoftheuppermantle.OurresultssupportthehypothesisthattheprincipalelementsofthedeformationmechanisminthesouthernSichuan-Yunnanblockaredeco

简介：Background:Tropicaldryforestscoverlessthan13%oftheworld'stropicalforestsandtheirareaandbiodiversityaredeclining.InsouthernAfrica,themajorthreatisincreasingpopulationpressure,whiledroughtcausedbyclimatechangeisapotentialthreatinthedriertransitionzonestoshrubland.Monitoringclimatechangeimpactsinthesetransitionzonesisdifficultasthereisinadequateinformationonforestcompositiontoallowdisentanglementfromotherenvironmentaldrivers.Methods:Thisstudycombinedhistoricalandmodernforestinventoriescoveringanareaof21,000km~2inatransitionzoneinNamibiaandAngolatodistinguishlatesuccessiontreecommunities,tounderstandtheirdependenceonsitefactors,andtodetecttrendsintheforestcompositionoverthelast40years.Results:Thewoodlandsweredominatedbysixtreespeciesthatrepresented84%ofthetotalbasalareaandcanbereferredtoasBaikiaea-Pterocarpuswoodlands.Aboostedregressiontreeanalysisrevealedthatlatesuccessiontreecommunitiesareprimarilydeterminedbyclimateandtopography.TheSchinziophytonrautaneniiandBaikiaeaplurijugacommunitiesarecommononslightlyinclinedduneorvalleyslopesandhadthehighestbasalarea(5.5-6.2m~2ha~(-1)).TheBurkeaafricana-GuibourtiacoleospermaandPterocarpusangolensis-Dialiumenglerianumcommunitiesaretypicalforthesandyplateauxandhaveahigherproportionofsmallerstemscausedbyahigherfirefrequency.AdecreaseinoverallbasalareaoratrendofincreasingdominationbythemoredroughtandcoldresilientB.africanacommunitywasnotconfirmedbythehistoricaldata,butthereweresignificantdecreasesinbasalareaforOchnapulchraandthevaluablefruittreeD.englerianum.Conclusions:Theslopecommunitiesaremoreshelteredfromfire,frostanddroughtbutaremoresusceptibletohumanexpansion.ThecommunitywiththeimportanttimbertreeP.angolensiscanbestwithstandhighfirefrequencybutshowssignsofahighervulnerabilitytoclimatechange.Conse

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简介：这篇论文重新描述奥陶纪前(Pt_3)的特征在从方面ofpetrographic特征，岩石集合，石油化学，REE，痕量元素，铅同位素和大地构造的背景的云南省的Huimin-Manlai区域的变形火山岩。变形火山岩维持blasto-intergranularandblasto-andesitic质地；火山岩被basalt-andesite-daciteassemblage描绘；火山岩是在化学成分的basic-intermediate-intermediate-acid，属于半碱的岩石，与计算碱的系列并且拉斑玄武岩系列共存，并且他们被低TiO_2内容描绘；他们的REE分发模式theLREE丰富是使权利倾向的类型；火山岩在大阳离子元素被充实并且通常在Th充实并且部分在Ti，Cr和P弄空，属于从他们的Pb同位素组成看了的Gondwana类型；石油化学地，数据点主要在岛弧火山岩的地以内掉落。所有这些特征在学习的区域为原来的Tethysan岛弧火山岩的存在提供了新证据。

简介：Immigrationrelocationofthepoorinruralareasisaneffectivetargetedmeasuretohelppeopleoutofpovertyinthenewnormal.Thestructuralconstraintslieintheheavypressureoflandresourcesandenvironmentalcarryingcapacity,highcostofimmigrationsettlementanddelayedcounterpartfunds,insufficientindustrialsupportanddifficultyinliving-making.Torealizethegoaloftargetedpovertyalleviation,itdemandsdeterminationandcapabilityfromthepolicydesigner,aswellthesocialbasis.Theeffectimposedbythestructuralconstraintstoimplementationofsuchpolicyshouldbepaidadequateattentionbypublicsectors.Itissupposedtochangetheguidingdirectionofthepolicytimelyandtorelievefinancialburdenofimmigrationsettlementandresourceenvironmentalbearingcapacitythroughmechanismofjointeffortsfrominternalandmoreexternalsupport.

简介：三巡航在2005在珍珠河河口(PRE)被发射调查与与有机物的降级有关的早成岩作用联系的营养素骑车的biogeochemical。在沉积的毛孔水营养素集中和侧面模式的季节、空间的变化被学习。在沉积水接口(SWI)的滋养的流动被孵化实验测量，并且我们这里在SWI讨论了营养素的累积和转变过程。营养素通常下游地从珍珠河插头减少了，显示对在河口的滋养的输入的人为的影响。NO3-N集中在overlying水里吵闹(溶解的无机的氮，NH4-N的和，NO3-N和NO2-N)的三种形式中是最高的，并且NH4-N是毛孔水里的吵闹的主要部件。NH4-N的渐渐的增加和有沉积深度的NO3-N的快速的减少在SWI下面为厌氧的条件提供了证据。NO3-N的否定流动和NH4-N的积极流动通常被观察，建议在SWI的NO3-N的denitrification。吵闹流动方向建议然而，沉积是在春天的吵闹的水池沉积通常是在夏天和冬季的吵闹的来源。当SiO4-Si不显眼地在不同季节在沉积侧面变化了时，PO4-P分发模式是不同的。当SiO4-Si主要从沉积扩散了到水列时，流动结果显示了主要从水列传播到沉积的那PO4-P。通常，孵化流动是联合散开，bioturbation和生物化学的反应，并且在这研究是相对精确的。

简介：MarinesedimentsampleswerecollectedfromthecoastalareasofSouthernIndia,particularlyinKanyakumariDistrict.Twenty-eightdifferentfungalstrainswereisolated.Thescreeningoffungifrommarinesedimentwasdonetoisolateapotentfungusthatcanproducebioactivecompoundsforbiomedicalapplications.OnlythreestrainsvizTrichodermagamsiiSP4,TalaromycesflavusSP5andAspergillusoryzaeSP6werescreenedforfurtherstudies.Theintracellularbioactivecompoundswereextractedusingsolventextractionmethod.Thecrudeextractsweretestedforitsanti-microbialandanti-cancerpropertiesandanalyticallycharacterizedusingGasChromatographyMassSpectrometry(GC-MS).Allthethreeextractswereactive,buttheextractfromT.flavusSP5wasfoundtobemoreactiveagainstvarioushumanpathogens,viz.,PseudomonasaeruginosaATCC27853(17.8±0.1),EscherichiacoliATCC52922(18.3±0.3),andCandidatropicalisATCC750(17.7±0.4).ItalsoexhibitedcytotoxicactivityagainstHEp2carcinomacelllinewiththeLC_(50)valueof25.7μg·mL~(-1).TheGC-MSdatarevealedthepresenceofeffectivebioactivecompounds.TheseresultsrevealedthattheextractfromisolatedfungusT.flavusSP5actedasapotentantimicrobial,antifungal,andanticanceragent,providingbasicinformationonthepotencyofmarinefungitowardsbiomedicalapplications;furtherinvestigationmayleadtothedevelopmentofnovelanticancerdrugs.

简介：WecompilearegionalcatalogueofearthquakeswithmomentmagnitudeoftheCenter-SouthernAsiatestarea(20°-35°N,85°-105°E)fortheGlobalSeismicHazardAssessmentProgram(GSHAP).Therearesignificantinhomogeneousanduncompleteddata,andnuniformityofearthquakemagnitudesinthistestareabecausethisregionissituatedontheboundariesofmanycountries,suchasChina,India,Nepal,Vietnam,etc.WeestablisharelationshipbetweenGutenbergsurface-wavemagnitudeandIASPEIsurface-wavemagnitude,whichcanbeusedforconversionofdifferentmagnitudescalesintomomentmagnitudeforthiscatalogue.AcatalogueofeventswithMw≥6.0ofthistestareaisgivenattheendofthispaper.

简介：这研究调查影响天气系统为和西藏的高原(TP)s表面在2010年6月在南部的中国上在重降雨上加热的效果，在14242010年6月期间集中于四个坚持的重降雨事件。主要天气系统包括南方亚洲人高气压，midlatitude马槽和山脉，在中间的对流层的西方的和平的副热带的高度，并且砍在更低的对流层的线和东方动人的旋涡。允许传送对流的模拟(CTL)的一个整体为这些降雨事件与WRF模型一起被执行，它成功地复制降水和天气系统的观察进化。有在TP和它的南部的斜坡上的表面反照率的模拟(参议员)的另一个整体人工地改变了到一个，即，否则它与CTL相同，表面不吸收任何太阳的加热，也被执行。在CTL和参议员之间的比较建议显著地的在CTL的TP的理智的加热影响的表面在高原和它的环境上的温度分布，和热风调整因而改变摘要的系统的大气的发行量和性质，导致在南部的中国上加强了降水。在200hPa，分别地，明确地，逆旋风、气旋的异例在西方、东方的高原上形成哪个在南部的中国上沿着东方TP和分叉提高向南方的冷空气侵入；在500hPa，在北高原上的山脉和在东方中国上的马槽被加强，沿着副热带的高度的西北的方面的西南的流动被加强，并且从高原的积极涡度繁殖到它的也下游地显著地被提高；在850hPa，低压的旋涡强烈发展并且移动东方当在南部的中国上的西南的低级喷气在CTL加强时，导致在降水区域上增加了水蒸汽集中和向上的运动。

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简介：Thesupce-largesealetin-polymctallicoredepositsintheTongkeng-ChangpomineisoneofthemostimportantoredepositsintheDacliangtin-polymctallicorefield,locatedinYunnan-GuangxiDiwaSeriesofSoutheasternChinadiwaregion,oceurinasedimentaryrockserieswhiehiscomposedofsiliceousrocksandcarbopaterockswithargillaeeousl

简介：Benthicforaminiferalanalysisof29samplesinsurfacesedimentsfromthesouthernOki-nawaTroughiscarriedout.Theresultsindicatethatbenthicforaminiferalabundancedecreasesrapidlywithincreasingwaterdepth.PercentagefrequenciesofagglutinatedforaminiferafurtherconfirmthemodemshallowcarbonatelysoclineinthesouthernOkinawaTrough.FromcontinentalshelfedgetothebottomofOkinawaTrough,benthicforaminiferalfaunainthesurfacesedimentscanbedividedinto5assemblages:(1)Continentalshelfbreakassemblage,dominatedbyCibicidespseudoungerianus,corre-spondstosubsurfacewatermassoftheKuroshioCurrent;(2)uppercontinentalslopeassemblage,domi-natedbyCassidulinacarinata,Globocassidulinasubglobosa,correspondstointermediatewatermassoftheKuroshioCurrent;(3)intermediatecontinentalslopeassemblage,dominatedbyUvigerinahispi-da,correspondstotheOkinawaTroughdeepwatermassabovethecarbonatelysocline;(4)lowercon-tinentalslope-troughbottomassemblage,dominatedbyPulleniabulloides,EpistominellaexiguaandCibicidoideshyalinus,correspondstodeepwatermassoftheOkinawaTrough;and(5)troughbottomagglutinatedassemblage,dominatedbyRhabdamminaspp.,Bathysiphonflavidus,correspondstostronglydissolvedenvironmentofthetroughbottom.ThebenthicforaminiferalfaunainthesouthemOkinawaTrougharecontrolledjointlybywatermassesandfoodsupply.Watertemperature,oxygenconcentrationandcarbonatedissolutionofthewatermassesareimportantcontrollingfactorsespeciallyforthecontinentalshelfbreakandtroughbottomassemblages.ThefoodsupplyalsoplaysanimportantroleinthesebenthicforaminiferalassemblagesalongthewestemslopeoftheOkinawaTrough.Boththeabundanceandthe5assemblagesofbenthicforaminiferacorrespondwelltotheorganicmattersupplyalongthecontinentalslopeandalateraltransportofTSM(totalsuspendedmatter)andPOC(particulateorganiccarbon)fromtheshelfbreaktothedeepwaterisal

简介：TheNCEP/NCARIIdailymeanreanalysisdataandobservedprecipitationdataareemployedtoinvestigatethewestwardextensionofthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH)duringtheheavyrainperiodoverthesouthernChinainJune2005.Resultsshowthattheremayexistarelationshipbetweentheeast-westshiftoftheWPSHandtheprocessofasouthernChinaheavyrain.TheanalysisindicatesthattheverticalmotionintheWPSHareaismainlycausedbythelatentheatreleaseofmonsoonrainbeltsonitsnorthernandsouthernsides.TheverticalmotioncouldcausetheaccumulationofairmassinthecenterandwestoftheWPSH,whichleadstoitsstrengthening.TheappearanceofthenorthernandsouthernmonsoonrainbeltscouldnotonlyenhancetheWPSHbystrengtheningthedescendingdraft,butalsoexcitethedevelopmentofpositivevorticityandrestricttheWPSH'smovementinthenorth-southdirection.Moreover,theIndianmonsoonrainfalltothewestoftheWPSHmayexcitethedevelopmentofanticyclonicvorticityonitseasternside,whichleadstothewestwardextensionoftheWPSH.

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