简介：AbstractObjective:To summarize the main updated evidence about the health effects of air pollution, with a special focus on Southern Europe.Data sources:Literature was obtained through PubMed Central and the official websites of European Agencies and Scientific Societies.Study selection:Recent shreds of evidence about the health effects of air pollution coming from international reports and original research were collected and described in this review.Results:Air pollution is an avoidable risk factor that causes a huge burden for society, in terms of death, health disorders, and huge socio-economic costs. The southern European countries face a more threatening problem because they experience the effects of both anthropogenic pollutants and natural dusts (particulate matter [PM]). The European Environment Agency reported the number of premature deaths in the 28 countries of the European Union attributable to air pollutant exposure in the year 2016: 374,000 for PM2.5, 68,000 for nitrogen dioxide, and 14,000 for ozone. In Italy, time series and analytical epidemiological studies showed increased cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and mortality, as well as increased risk of respiratory diseases in people living in urban areas.Conclusions:Based on abundant evidence, the World Health Organization, which hosts the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), the scientific respiratory societies, and the patients’ associations, as well as others in the health sector, must increase their engagement in advocacy for clean air policies.

简介：AbstractBackground:Tuberculosis (TB) prevention through the use of preventive treatment is a critical activity in the elimination of TB. In multiple settings, limited staffing has been identified as a barrier to managing preventive treatment for TB contacts. This study aims to determine how health center staffing, service type, and TB caseload affects implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for TB contacts in southern Lima.Methods:We conducted an ecological study in 2019 in southern Lima, Peru. Through the review of medical records, we identified contacts of TB patients who initiated IPT during 2016-2018, and who were 0-19 years old, the age group eligible for IPT according to Peruvian guidelines. We assessed bivariate associations between health center characteristics (numbers of physicians and nurses, types of services available, annual TB caseload) and IPT initiation and completion using binomial logistic regression.Results:Among 977 contacts, 69% took more than a week to start IPT and 41% did not complete IPT. For those who successfully completed IPT, 58% did not complete full medical follow-up. There was no significant difference in IPT completion or adherence based on whether health centers had more physicians and nurses, more comprehensive services, or higher TB caseloads. Among contacts, female sex was associated with delay in initiating IPT (P = 0.005), age 5-19 years old was associated with completion of IPT (P = 0.025) and age < 5 years old was associated with completion of clinical evaluations (P = 0.041).Conclusions:There are significant gaps in IPT implementation in health centers of southern Lima, Peru, but insufficient staffing of health centers may not be responsible. Further research is needed to identify how IPT implementation can be improved, potentially through improving staff training or monitoring and supervision.

简介：Toinvestigatetheprevalenceandgenotypeofextendedspectrumbeta-lactamases(ESBLs)mediatedbyplasmidinGram-negativebacteriafoundinsouthernChina,atotalof1184clinicalisolatesofnon-repetitivestrainsofGram-negativebacteriawerecollectedin2001from5differentcitiesinsouthernChina.TheESBLs-producingisolatesweredistinguishedbymeansofthephenotypeconfimatorytestbasedontheNCCLScriteriaandweresubjectedtoplasmidconjugationandelectroporationexperiments.Thoseclinicalisolatessucceededinplasmidtransfershadundergoneplasmidconjugationandelectro-transformation,plasmidDNAextractionandPstⅠdigestlinger-printinganalysis,aswellasthetmiversalprimerPCRamplificationoftheTEM,SHV,CTX-M,VEB,PERandSFOgenesandtheDNAsequencinginordertodeterminethegenotypesofESBLsandtheirplasmidlocations.ItwasfoundthattheincidenceoftheESBLs-producingstrainsofGram-negativebacteriawas14.6%(173/1184)with67strainsoftransconjugantsand11strainsofelectro-transformants,inwhichCTX-M-14typewas33.3%(26/78);CTX-M-3typewas23.1%(18/78);CTX-M-9typewas14.1%(11/78);CTX-M-5typewas6.4%(5/78);CTX-M-13typewas2.6%(2/78);SHV-5typewas7.7%(6/78);SHV-12typewas5.1%(4/78),SHV-2atypewas2.6%(2/78)andunidentifiedtypewas5.1%(4/78).29.5%ofthewildstrainsalsocarriedbroad-spectrumbeta-lactamasesTEM-1andSHV-1types.TheabovementionedESBLsgeneswerelocatedontransferableplasmidswithvariablesizes(from35to190kb).TheCTX-MtypeESBLswascharacterizedbyhigh-levelofresistancetocefotaxime.ItconcludedthattheCTX-M-typewasthemostprevalentgenotypeinclinicalisolatesofGram-negativebacteriainsouthernChina,andtheSHVtyperanksinthesecondplace.TEM-,VEB-,Toho-andPER-typeswerenotfoundintheseisolates.

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简介：Objective:Theaimofthisstudywastoestablishtheriskscoringsystemtowardstheadvancedcolorectalneoplasm(CN)riskintheaverage-riskpopulationsinthesouthernJiangsuProvince,andtoevaluatethescreeningefficacy.Methods:Totally905casesoftheaverage-riskpopulationswhoreceivedthecolonoscopywereselectedastheobjective.Themultivariatelogisticregressionanalysismethodwasusedtoestablishthescoringsystemtowardstheoccurrenceriskoftheadvancedtumor,anditsscreeningefficacywasevaluatedthroughthepredictionconsistency,distinguishingabilityandscreeningaccuracy.Results:Thescoringsystemconsistedoffivevariables,namelyage,gender,coronaryheartdisease,eggintakeandstoolfrequency.Theresultsrevealedthatithadgoodpredictionconsistency(P=0.205)anddistinguishingability[theareaunderthereceiveroperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curvewas0.75,with95%confidenceinterval(95%CI)of0.69-0.82].Thus,2.5pointswassetasthescreeningcutoffvalue,anditssensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positivepredictivevalue,negativepredictivevalue,positivelikelihoodratioandnegativelikelihoodratiowere93.8%,47.6%,50.1%,9.1%,99.3%,1.79and0.13,respectively.Conclusions:Theestablishedscoringsystemhadgoodscreeningefficacy,andcanbeusedasthescreeningtoolapplyingtotheCNscreeningwithintheaverage-riskpopulationsinthesouthernJiangsuProvince.

简介：MarinesedimentsampleswerecollectedfromthecoastalareasofSouthernIndia,particularlyinKanyakumariDistrict.Twenty-eightdifferentfungalstrainswereisolated.Thescreeningoffungifrommarinesedimentwasdonetoisolateapotentfungusthatcanproducebioactivecompoundsforbiomedicalapplications.OnlythreestrainsvizTrichodermagamsiiSP4,TalaromycesflavusSP5andAspergillusoryzaeSP6werescreenedforfurtherstudies.Theintracellularbioactivecompoundswereextractedusingsolventextractionmethod.Thecrudeextractsweretestedforitsanti-microbialandanti-cancerpropertiesandanalyticallycharacterizedusingGasChromatographyMassSpectrometry(GC-MS).Allthethreeextractswereactive,buttheextractfromT.flavusSP5wasfoundtobemoreactiveagainstvarioushumanpathogens,viz.,PseudomonasaeruginosaATCC27853(17.8±0.1),EscherichiacoliATCC52922(18.3±0.3),andCandidatropicalisATCC750(17.7±0.4).ItalsoexhibitedcytotoxicactivityagainstHEp2carcinomacelllinewiththeLC_(50)valueof25.7μg·mL~(-1).TheGC-MSdatarevealedthepresenceofeffectivebioactivecompounds.TheseresultsrevealedthattheextractfromisolatedfungusT.flavusSP5actedasapotentantimicrobial,antifungal,andanticanceragent,providingbasicinformationonthepotencyofmarinefungitowardsbiomedicalapplications;furtherinvestigationmayleadtothedevelopmentofnovelanticancerdrugs.

简介：BackgroundValvularheartdisease(VHD)isdefinedasastructuralorfunctionalabnormalityincardiacvalvewhichencompassesanumberofcommoncardiovascularconditions.ThisstudywasaimedtoanalyzetheepidemiologicalchangesofVHDinasinglecardiovascularcenterofSouthernChina.MethodsAtotalof13,138VHDpatientsofGuangdonggeneralhospitalfromJanuary2011toDecember2013werescreenedbytransthoracicechocardiography(TTE)ortransesophagealechocardiography(TEE)andenrolledforthisstudy.Themorbidity,etiologicalspectrumandmanagementofthesepatientswereanalyzed.Continuousvariableswereexpressedasmean±standarddeviation.Categoricalvariableswereexpressedasratioorpercentage.ResultsPatientsinthisstudyweredividedintodifferentgroupsandwereanalyzedthroughoutchangesinmorbidity,etiologicalspectrumandmanagement.ConclusionsTheprevalenceofVHDremainshighinSouthernChinaandRHDisstilltheleadingetiologyofVHD.Butmorbidityrateisreducedandsurgeryisstillthemaintreatmentoption.

简介：AbstractBackground:Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains one of the world’s most debilitating parasitic infections and is a major contributor to poor health in many endemic countries. The provision of continuing care for all those affected by LF and its consequences is an important component of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study is to integrate lymphedema care into the primary health care system of the State by developing lymphedema clinics at each district, through training of health personnel to fulfill WHO recommendation for morbidity management and disability prevention.Methods:Selected health care providers from all the districts in Kerala State of India participated in intensive training sessions endorsed by the State’s health administration. The six training sessions (from 5 June 2017 to 25 May 2018) included appropriate self-care information and development of individual plans for each participating institution to provide instruction and care for their lymphoedema patients. The learning achieved by attendees was assessed by pre- and post-training tests. The number of lymphoedema patients receiving care and instruction from the post-training activities of each participating institution was assessed from local records, 6 months after the conclusion of the training sessions.Results:One hundred and eighty-four medical personnel (91 doctors and 93 nurses) from 82 medical institutions were trained which quickly led to the establishment of active lymphoedema clinics providing the essential package of care (EPC) for lymphoedema patients at all the participating institutions. Six months after the training sessions the number of previously unidentified lymphoedema patients registered and receiving care at these clinics ranged from 296 to almost 400 per clinic, with a total of 3,477 new patients receiving training in EPC.Conclusions:Generalist health personnel, when appropriately trained, can provide quality lymphoedema care in public health settings and patients when provided services close to their home, are willing to access them. This is a feasible strategy for integrating long term care for LF patients into the national health system, and is a clear example of moving towards equity in health care for the medically underserved, and thus successfully addresses a major goal of the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis.

简介：<正>由中山大学血管外科研究中心和中山大学附属第一医院血管外科主办的第五届南方血管论坛(SEC2011)将于2011年7月22～24日在广州举行。本届SEC将延续前四届的风格,同时丰富会议议题和交流形式,即将学术报告和学术讨论结合起来,以结合各种影像手段的疑难及具有挑战性病例的报告和讨论贯穿始终:既有新材料、新技术运用的成功范例,又有常见及特殊并发症的典型案例;既有传统手术的宝刀不老,又有各种腔内器械及技术的精彩演绎;更有两者相结合的杂交技术的锦上添花;大会同时将增加血管疾病的药物治疗专题。

简介：<正>由中山大学血管外科研究中心和中山大学附属第一医院血管外科主办的第五届南方血管论坛(SEC2011)将于2011年7月22～24日在广州举行。

简介：1TheCyclicalFlowoftheSixty-GanzhiTemporalUnits'TimefortheChineseisforeverflowingwithoutbeginningorend',notedThomeH.Fang.And'itiscustomaryforChinesetousethekan-Chih(ganzhi)tomarkthepassageoftime.Therearetenheavenlystems(gan)andtwelveearthlybranches(zhi),analternatingandsequentialcombinationofthetwomakesacycleofsixtyyears,months,daysandtwo-hourperiodshichen(时辰)inaday'.ThesixtyganzhitemporalcycleisveryimportantinthepracticeofChinesemedicine.Itisanimportantpracticaltemporaltoolintheacupuncturepracticeof子午流注(ziwuliuzhu)whichisamethodofchoosingandusingacupuncturepointsindealingwithaspecificclinicalpatterninaccordancewiththepatient'stemporalclottingandflowingofhis/herQiandblood.Inaddition,thesixtygan-zhitemporalcyclicalsystemisalsoanimportanttoolinforecastingadverseweather/climacticconditionsandtheillnessesthatcomeswiththemonthebasisoftheancientmethodologyof'thecirculatingfiveelements/phasesandthesixclimacticinfluences'五运六气.Hence,IhaveincludedthisganzhiorcelestialstemsandearthlybranchesforeachofthedaysintheChineseMedicalandAgriculturalLunisolarCalendarfortheyearofRatwuzinian(wuisthecelestialstemwhileziistheearthlybranchfortheyear2008).

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