简介：BasedonanalysesofsurfaceandcoresedimentsinthetidalflatsoftheYangtzeEstuaryandcoastalareas,thepresentstudyrevealsphosphorousformsexistinginsedimentsandtheirdistributions.Theresultsshowthatphosphorusintidalflatsedimentsinthestudyareamainlyconsistsofinorganicphosphorousforms,involvingDP,Fe-P,Al-P,andCa-Pandorganicphosphorousforms,inwhichCa-PandOParedominantcompositions.Thisfindingindicatesthatspatialdistributionsofvariousphosphorousformsarerelatedtosedimentaryenvironmentsinwaterandgrainsizesofsediments,andareinfluencedbysewagedischargesandeffluentsfromaquacultivationinthecoastalareas.

简介：

简介：DuringtheconstructionoftheguidingdikeintheYangtzeEstuary,someofthecaissonstructuressankintothesoilfor1～5morslidabout20mawayfromtheoriginalplacewhenastrongstormattackedthisarea.Dynamictriaxialtestswerecarriedouttosimulatethebehavioroffoundationsoilsunderwaveloading.Thetestresultsshowthattheexcessivesettlementandlateralmovementofthecaissonsareduetotheweakeningofthesoftclaystrengthduringthestrongstorm.Thetestresultsalsoshowthattheabilityofthesoftclaytoresistthewaveforcewillbegreatlyincreasedwhenthesoftsoilsamplesaresuitablyimproved.Basedonthetestresults,animprovementmethodcombiningverticaldrainswithsurchargeloadingwasproposedtostrengthenthefoundationsoil.Ontheimprovedsoilfoundation,thedikehasbeenreconstructedandundergoneseveralstrongstormswithoutanydamage.Afiniteelementapproachhasbeendevelopedforanalyzingthesettlementandstabilityofthedikeundertheactionofstrongstorm.

简介：TheupperYangtzeupstreamofYichangwithadrainageareaof1,000,000km~2bringsanaverageannualrunofftoYichangby450km~3ofriverwater,thedrasticvariationandunevendistributionofwhichoftencausesseverefloodsforfer-tilealluvialplainsofmiddleandlowerYang-

简介：

简介：ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｎｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒＶａｌｅｙｉｎｈｉｓｔｏｒｙＺＨＡＮＧＤｉｘｉａｎｇＳＵＮＰｉｎｇＴｈｅＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ...

简介：TheShanghai2010WorldExpoorganizersignedcooperationdealsonOctober13withnineYangtzeDeltacities-Changzhou,Yangzhou,ZhenjiangandTaizhouinJiangsuProvince,andNantong,Huzhou,Jiaxing,ZhoushanandTaizhouinZhejiangProvince-forFriendshipDayduringExpo.YangXiong,ShanghaiExecutiveViceMayorandexecutivedeputydirectoroftheEx-

简介：从1992～2003基于non-radiance-calibratedDMSP/OLS夜间光形象，城市的陆地区域统计数据，气象学的数据；陆地地面温度数据由MODIS检索了；NOAA/AVHRR数据，在长江三角洲(YRD)的温度的地区性的气候的趋势上的都市化的影响被分析。结论如下：1)在YRD从1992～2003有一个重要都市化过程。Nanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou的四城市簇，Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou，上海；Hangzhou海湾形成一条之字形城市带。在城市带的年平均气温的增加率是从1991～2005的0.280.44°C/10a，它比non-city-belt的远大。2)在不同季节的地区性的吝啬的气温上的城市的热岛(UHI)效果是summer>autumn>spring>winter。3)UHI紧张；城市的全部的人口对数美满地被相关。4)成为地区性的年平均气温的UHI效果从1961～2005增加了0.072°C，它从1991～2005的0.047°C，；年度最大的气温增加了0.162°C，它从1991～2005的0.083°C。所有这些显示当严肃的气候发信号，在从1991～2005的YRD的城市的扩大可以被考虑。

简介：Duetoincreasedaerosolemissionsandunfavorableweatherconditions,severehazeeventshaveoccurredfrequentlyinChinainthelast10years.Inaddition,theinteractionbetweentheboundarylayerandtheaerosolradiativeeffectmaybeanotherimportantfactorinhazeformation.Tobetterunderstandtheeffectofthisinteraction,theaerosolradiativeeffectonaseverehazeepisodethattookplaceinDecember2013wasinvestigatedbyusingtwoWRFChemmodelsimulationswithdifferentaerosolconfigurations.Theresultsshowedthatthemaximalreductionofregionalaveragesurfaceshortwaveradiation,latentheat,andsensibleheatduringthiseventwere88,12,and37Wm~(–2),respectively.Theplanetaryboundarylayerheight,daytimetemperature,andwindspeeddroppedby276m,1°C,and0.33ms~(–1),respectively.Theventilationcoefficientdroppedby8%–24%forinthecentralandnorthwesternYangtzeRiverDelta(YRD).Theupperleveloftheatmospherewaswarmedandthelowerlevelwascooled,whichstabilizedthestratification.Inaword,thedispersionabilityoftheatmospherewasweakenedduetotheaerosolradiativefeedback.AdditionalresultsshowedthatthePM_(2.5)concentrationinthecentralandnorthwesternYRDincreasedby6–18μgm~(–3),whichislessthan15%oftheaveragePM_(2.5)concentrationduringtheseverelypollutedperiodinthisarea.TheverticalprofileshowedthatthePM_(2.5)andPM_(10)concentrationsincreasedbelow950hPa,withamaximumincreaseof7and8μgm~(–3),respectively.Concentrationsreducedbetween950and800hPa,however,withamaximumreductionof3.5and4.5μgm~(–3),respectively.Generally,theaerosolradiativeeffectaggravatedthelevelofpollution,buttheeffectwaslimited,andthishazeeventwasmainlycausedbythestagnantmeteorologicalconditions.Theinteractionbetweentheboundarylayerandtheaerosolradiativeeffectmayhavebeenlessimportantthanthelarge-scalestaticweatherconditionsfortheformation

简介：自从1980年代，评论在Yangtze三角洲在环境发展和环境考古学的研究上被进行。以前的环境发展和环境考古学的研究结果能被总结进4个方面：1)泰胡·莱克的形成和进化；2)在全新统时代的违反和海平面的变化；3)史前的环境的重建；并且4)在人的文明(文化打断的形成)的上升和秋天的环境变化的影响。基于这评论，在现在的研究方法的一些限制和可能的结果在这篇论文被指出。

简介：

简介：Basedonthe2-DflowandsedimentnumericalmodeloftheYangtzeEstuaryandtheHangzhouBay,thecharacteristicsofwaterandsedimentexchangeintheirjointwatersisstudiedthroughquantitativecalculationandanalysisofthecharacteristicsofwaterflowandsedimenttransportation.Theresultsshowthatthereisperiodicalwaterandsedimentexchangeinthisjointwaters,thatthenetwaterexchangeappearsmainlybetween0～6mdepth(theoreticaldatumplane,thesamebelow)offshoreandthemaximumisnearthedepthof2m,andthatthenetsedimentexchangemainlyappearsbetween0～5mdepthandthemaximumisnearthedepthof3m,indicatingthattherangeofwaterflowpassageisdifferentfromthatofsedimenttransportfromtheYangtzeEstuarytotheHangzhouBay.Combinedwiththeresultsofnumericalsimulation,thispaperalsoanalyzesthehydrodynamicalmechanisminfluencingwaterandsedimentexchangebetweentheYangtzeEstuaryandtheHangzhouBay,includingtidalfluctuation,tidalcurrentkineticenergy,tide-inducedresidualcurrentandthetraceofwaterparticles.Finally,thesedimenttransportationpassageontheNanhuitidalflatisdiscussed,andtheresultsshowthatsedimentistransportedintotheHangzhouBayfromthesouthsideofShipilei,whilesedimentisbroughtbacktotheSouthChanneloftheYangtzeEstuaryfromthenorthside.

简介：Ｉ．ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅＹａｎｇｉｚｅＲｉｖｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｍａｊｏｒｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎｂｅｌｔａｎｄｔｈｅｂｏｎｄｏｆｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎａｎｄｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｐａｒｔｓｏｆＣ...

简介：AsoneofthedevelopingcountriesChinahasanarablelandpercapitafarbelowtheworld'saveragelevel.Withahigh-densitypopulationanthequickdevelopmentofeconomyandurbaniztion,theYangtzeRiverDeltashowsthetypicalcharacteristicsoflanduseindevelopedregionsofChina,whichare:highlandreclamationrateandlowarablelandpercapita;intensivelanduseandhighoutputvalue;andrapidincreasingofconstructionlandareaandfastdiminishingofarableland.TheanalysisindicatesthattheprocessofthearablelandchangesintheYangtzeRiverDeltacouldbedividedintofourdifferentchangestagesoverthepast50years.

简介：从长江盆的沉积分泌物在最近的年里有一个逐步的减少趋势。扣押三座峡水库加重了这个减少的趋势并且通过传播效果在长江河口影响了推迟的沉积集中(SSC)的变化。长江河口的SSC数据在19592012期间显示出那：(1)在南方的SSC在河口并且在长江分叉近海海区域显示了减少的趋势并且向海少些减少了。同时，在在SSC和沉积分泌物之间的减少的大小的差别向海变得更大。(2)为北方布朗奇，优先的流动没很变化，但是SSC趋于减少，它被SSC的减少主要在南方布朗奇和中国东方海引起。(3)由于减少的流量和相对加强的潮，在在20032012的浅节移动了的酒吧中的SSC的山峰区域为在19842002与那相比联合起来的大约1/6经度里面，并且里面动人的距离在洪水季节的顺序>年度一般水准>旱季。(4)在南方经过的入口，因为增加由暂停引起了，岸沟交换是，SSC主要减少了不到减少在盆和海区域由锋利的SSC减少引起了。颠倒在中间的节是真的，在SSC显示出一个增加的趋势的地方。(5)在北方经过的入口在减少的流动裂口和沉积裂口比率的联合影响下面，在盆和海区域和暂停的减少的数量的减少的SSC，SSC显示了一个减少的趋势。在中间的节，因为增加的数量由沉积引起了，温习塘是多于减少的数量由外部环境引起了，显著地，SSC趋于增加。整体地，在沉积分泌物的锋利的减少在长江河口引起了同步SSC减少。但是在SSC从盆在沉积分泌物在对锋利的减少的SSC的反应显示了增加的趋势，显示的synchronicity和差别的地方，仍然有区域。

简介：ThisarticleaddressessedimentresearchcarriedoutfortheThreeGorgesProjectsince1993,whentheconstructionoftheprojectwasformallystarted.Emphasisoftheresearchhasbeenplacedonthesolutionofrelevantproblemsarisingfromdesignandconstructionofvariousstructures,includingsedimentationproblemsintheChongqingreach;layoutoftheupperlockapproachchannelandwaysandmeanstomitigateitsdeposition;increasingreservoircapacitybyoptimizingreservoiroperation;compensatingdepthofflowrequiredbynavigationbelowtheGezhoubaProjectcausedbyscouring;mitigationofadverseeffectsoferosiononthereachfromZhichengtoJiangkou;andevaluatingscouroftheJinjiangreachcausedbyreleasingflowsoflowconcentrationsfromtheTGP.Inaddition,reductionofthesedimentloadenteringintothereservoirareaoftheTGPintherecentyearsaswellasthatexpectedoftheprojectedconstructionoflargehydropowerstationsontheJinshaRiverupstreamoftheTGPreservoirisalsonotedanddiscussed.

简介：

简介：全球太阳的放射(GSR)是全球精力的最直接的来源和形式，并且它的数量的计算由于本地地形学和地面的影响是高度复杂的内部防护。数字举起模型(DEM)数据作为复杂地面和复合状况的一个代表生产一系列地志的因素(例如斜坡，方面，等等)。基于1个km决定DEM数据，气象学的观察和NOAA-AVHRR遥感数据，为在在长江盆以内的崎岖地面上的GSR的计算的一个分布式的模型被开发了。贯穿的模型为崎岖地形学允许天体的太阳的放射的计算并且包括一个分布式的直接太阳的放射模型，一个分布式的弥漫的放射模特儿和分布式的地面反射放射当模特儿。用发达模型，GSR空间分发和可视化的量的模拟被承担了，与随后关于地区和地面分析的结果。分析建议那GSR大小季节地被影响，当影响的度被发现与增加高度在同时发生增加时。而且，GSR大小关于主导的本地方面展出了清楚的空间变化；与阳光充足的南部的斜坡联系的GSR价值比与遮的斜坡联系的那些显著地大。错误分析显示12.983MJm的一个吝啬的绝对错误2和3.608%的一个吝啬的相对错误，当结果基于一个地点认证过程显示22.621MJm的一个绝对错误时2和4.626%的一个相对错误。

简介：

简介：Aglobal-scaleglaciationoccurredatabout600Maago.Asaresult,theEarthbecamethe'SnowballEarth'.Theglaciationcametotheendabruptlywhenatmosphericcarbondioxideincreasedtosuchanextentastobeabout350timesthemodernlevelbecauseofsubaerialvolcanicdegassing.TherapidterminationofglaciationwouldhaveledtowarmingoftheSnowballEarthandextremegreenhouseconditionswouldhavebeencreated.Thetransferofatmosphericcarbondioxidetooceanswouldgiverisetotherapidprecipitationofcalciumcarbonateinwarmsurfaceseawaters,thusformingthecapcarbonaterocksasobservedworldwidetoday.Regionallypersisting,thinlayersofcarbonaterocksdirectlyandubiquitouslyoverlieProterozoicglacialdepositsalmostoneverycontinent,andarecommonlyreferredtoascapcarbonates.Theirunusuallitho-fabrics,stratigraphicallyabruptbasalandupper-levelcontactsandstronglynegativecarbonateisotopicsignatures(δ13Ccarb.valuesrangefrom-7.0‰-0‰)suggestachemicaloceanographicorigin,thedetailsofwhichremainunknown.Itisproposedthattheseenigmaticdepositsarerelatedtothedestabilizationofgaseoushydrateinterrestrialpermafrostfollowingrapidpostglacialwarmingandfloodingofwidelyexposedcontinentalshelvesandinternalbasins.Theauthorscarriedoutstudiesonthegeochemistry,sedimentologyandpalaeontologyoftheSiniancapcarbonatesinGuizhouandHunanprovinces,includingtheoccurrenceofcapcarbonatesofunusualfabrics,stronglynegativecarbonisotopicsignatures,andalotofbitumennodules.Fromtheresultsitissuggestedthatthecapcarbonateswereformedfromsolidmethaneseepage,anditisinagreementwithKennedy'sviewpoint(2001)thatthecapcarbonatesresultedfromtherapidprecipitationofcalciumcarbonateinresponsetosolidmethaneseepage.