简介：Thisletterproposesanefficientwavelet-basedFineGranularityScalable(FGS)codingscheme,wherethebaselayerisencodedwithanewlydesignedwavelet-basedcoder,andtheenhancementlayerisencodedwithProgressiveFineGranularityScalable(PFGS)coding.Thisalgorithminvolvesmulti-framemotioncompensation,rate-distortionoptimizingstrategywithLagrangiancostfunctionandcontext-basedadaptivearithmeticcoding.Inordertoimproveefficiencyoftheenhancementlayercoding,animprovedmotionestimationschemethatusesbothinformationfromthebaselayerandtheenhancementlayerisalsoproposedinthisletter.Thewavelet-basedcodersignificantlyimprovesthecodingefficiencyofthebaselayercomparedwithMPEG-4ASP(AdvancedSimpleProfile)andH.26LTML9.ThePFGScodingisasignificantimprovementoverMPEG-4FGScodingattheenhancementlayer.Experimentsshowthatsinglelayercodingefficiencygainoftheproposedschemeisabout2.0-3.0dBand0.3-1.0dBhigherthanthatofMPEG-4ASPandH.26LTML9,respectively.Theoverallcodingefficiencygainoftheproposedschemeisabout4.0-5.0dBhigherthanthatofMPEG-4FGS.

简介：Toimprovetheperformanceoftransmissionbyreducingthenumberoftransmissionandnetworkoverheadofwirelesssingle-hopnetworks,thispaperpresentsahighefficientmultipacketdecodingapproachfornetworkcoding(EMDNC)inwirelessnetworksaccordingtotheideaofencodingpacketswhichcannotbedecodedandarestoredinbufferbyreceivingnodes,thelostpacketscanberecoveredfromtheseencodedpackets.Comparedwiththenetworkcodingwirelessbroadcastingretransmission(NCWBR),EMDNCcanimprovetheefficiencyofdecodingandreducethenumberofretransmissionandtransmissiondelay.SimulationresultsrevealthatEMDNCcaneffectivelyreducethenumberofretransmissionandnetworkoverhead.

简介：WhiletheNetworkCodingcooperativerelaying(NC-relaying)hasthemeritofhighspectralefficiency,SuperpositionCodingrelaying(SC-relaying)hasthemeritofhighthroughput.Inthispaper,anovelconcept,codedcooperativerelaying,ispresented,whichisaunifiedschemeoftheNC-relayingandSC-relaying.FortheSC-relayingstrategywhichcanbeconsideredone-waycodedrelayingschemewithmulti-accesschannel,theclose-formsolutionoftheoutageprobabilitiesofthebasicsignalandadditionalsignalareobtainedfirstly.Secondly,theDiversity-and-MultiplexingTradeoff(DMT)characteristicsofbasicsignalandadditionalsignalareinvestigatedentirelyaswellastheoptimalclose-formsolutions.Thecomparednumericalanalysisshowstheevaluationerrorofthroughputbasedontheclose-formsolutionisabout0.15nats,whichiswithintheacceptableerrorrange.Duetothemutualeffectbetweenthebothsourcesignals,theavailablemaximalvaluesofthetwomultiplexinggainsarelessthan1.

简介：AbstractEndometriosis (EM) is a benign gynecological disease that affects the fertility and health of women of reproductive age; it is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the underlying cause of EM, its pathogenesis remains obscure. Recently, non-coding RNAs were reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of EM. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are the main members of the non-coding RNA family that contribute to EM progression in various aspects, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the initiation and development of EM and provides a substantial background for the invasion, proliferation, and long-term growth of endometriotic implants. This review aimed to investigate the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in regulating angiogenesis in EM and discuss how this mechanism can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in EM.

简介：Inthispaper,weproposeasparseovercompleteimageapproximationmethodbasedontheideasofovercompletelog-Gaborwavelet,meanshiftandenergyconcentration.Theproposedapproximationmethodselectsthenecessarywaveletcoefficientswithameanshiftbasedalgorithm,andconcentratesenergyontheselectedcoefficients.Itcansparselyapproximatetheoriginalimage,andconvergesfasterthantheexistinglocalcompetitionbasedmethod.Then,weproposeanewcompressionschemebasedontheaboveapproximationmethod.TheschemehascompressionperformancesimilartoJPEG2000.TheimagesdecodedwiththeproposedcompressionschemeappearmorepleasanttothehumaneyesthanthosewithJPEG2000.

简介：这篇文章描述在一个无线网孔网络分享系统的一个合作文件的一个新模型。作者的途径是开发基于机会主义的随机的线性网络编码分享机制的一个有效、合作的文件。在这机制以内，每个节点根据合作优先级播送它的包的随机的线性联合，它根据对它的邻居节点的节点可能的贡献以一种分布式的方式被计算。与这机制，一个节点越贡献其它，节点越有机会首先恢复全部文件。这里的兴趣的表演度量标准是：延期被送到直到在一个文件的所有包所有节点，和一种理想的包尺寸，由作者能得到最小的传播延期的使用。没有随机的线性网络编码，通过广泛的模拟，作者在一个无线网孔网络把他们的机制与当前的传播进程作比较。作者发现用他们的机制，节点能合作地与更少的传播时间分享全部文件并且没有随机的线性网络，比当前的传播进程推迟。

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简介：适应调整并且(AMC)编码提供灵活性匹配调整和编码计划(MCS)加用户的噪音比率(SINR)发信号到干扰。为了减少传播，驱动并且维持传播质量，力量控制通常与AMC被相结合。当力量控制的目标SINR被修理时，为AMC(NPGA)算法的因此非合作的力量控制游戏被建议根据MCS适应动态目标SINR变化。在NPGA，我们经由用途提出系统传播效率，在实用程序函数基于调整被构造并且与非合作的游戏理论编码效率的地方。NPGA能满足supermodular比赛的条件，这理论上被表明，并且它的答案是最佳的。模拟结果证明NPGA能与低传播力量，和NPGA的集中性能改进系统传播效率和信号质量与几何编程算法相比是更快有效性的。

简介：Inthispaperweproposeathreedimensionalmultiplierlessdiscretecosinetransform(DCT)withliftingschemecalled3D-binDCT.Basedon3D-binDCT,anovelvideocodingalgorithmwithoutmotionestimation/compensationisproposed.Itusesthe3D-binDCTtoexploitspatialortemporalredundancy.ThecomputationofbinDCTonlyneedsshiftandadditionoperations,thusthecomputationalcomplexityisminimized.DCcoefficientprediction,modifiedscanmodeandarithmeticcodingtechniquesarealsoadopted.Extensivesimulationresultsshowthattheproposedcodingschemeprovideshighercodingefficiencyandimprovesvisualquality,anditiseasytoberealizedbysoftwareandhardware.

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简介：Microsatellitesorsimplesequencerepeats(SSRs)havebeenfoundinmostorganismsduringthelastdecade.Sincelarge-scalesequencesarebeinggenerated,especiallythosethatcanbeusedtosearchformicrosatellites,thedevelopmentofthesemarkersisgettingmoreconvenient.KeepingSSRsinviewingtheimportanceoftheapplication,availableCDS(codingsequences)orESTs(expressedsequencetags)ofsomeeukaryoticspecieswereusedtostudythefrequencyanddensityofvarioustypesofmicrosatellites.OnthebasisofsurveyingCDSorESTsequencesamountingto66.6Mbinsilkworm,37.2Mbinfly,20.8Mbinmosquito,60.0Mbinmouse,34.9Mbinzebrafishand33.5MbinCaenorhabditiselegans,thefrequencyofSSRswas1/1.00Kbinsilkworm,1/0.77Kbinfly,1/1.03Kbinmosquito,1/1.21Kbinmousey1/1.25Kbinzebrafishand1/1.38KbinC.Elegans.TheoverallaverageSSRfrequencyofthesespeciesis1/1.07Kb.Hexanucleotiderepeats(64.5％-76.6％)arethemostabundantclassofSSRintheinvestigatedspecies,followedbytrimeric,dimeric,tetrameric,monomericandpentamericrepeats.Furthermore,theA-richrepeatsarepredominantineachtypeofSSRs,whereasG-richrepeatsarerareinthecodingregions.

简介：Longnon-codingRNAs(lncRNAs)refertoagroupofRNAsthatareusuallymorethan200nucleotidesandarenotinvolvedinproteingeneration.Instead,lncRNAsareinvolvedindifferentregulatoryprocesses,suchasregulationofgeneexpression.DifferentlncRNAsexistthroughoutthegenome.LncRNAsarealsoknownfortheirrolesindifferenthumandiseasessuchascancer.HOTAIRisanlncRNAthatplaysaroleasanoncogenicmoleculeindifferentcancercells,suchasbreast,gastric,colorectal,andcervicalcancercells.Therefore,HOTAIRexpressionlevelisapotentialbiomarkerfordiagnosticandtherapeuticpurposesinseveralcancers.ThisRNAtakespartinepigeneticregulationofgenesandplaysanimportantroleindifferentcellularpathwaysbyinteractingwithPolycombRepressiveComplex2(PRC2).Inthisreview,wedescribethemolecularfunctionandregulationofHOTAIRanditsroleindifferenttypesofcancers.

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简介：AbstractLong non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a contributory role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, we summarized the current findings of lncRNAs in RA, including cellular function and the potential mechanisms. Serum lncRNA levels are associated with serum proinflammatory cytokines and disease activity. LncRNAs regulate proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), modulate the differentiation of T lymphocytes and macrophages, and affect bone formationdestruction balance of chondrocytes. Besides, lncRNAs are involved in inflammation and cell motivation signaling pathways. Indepth research on lncRNAs may help elucidate the pathogenesis of RA and provides clues for novel treatment targets.

简介：Afamilyofarraycodeswithamaximumdistanceseparable(MDS)property,namedLcodes,isproposed.ThegreateststrengthofLcodesisthatthenumberofrows(columns)inadiskarraydoesnotberestrictedbytheprimenumber,andmorediskscanbedynamicallyappendedinarunningstoragesystem.Lcodescantolerateatleasttwodiskerasuresandsomesectorlosssimultaneously,andcantoleratemultiplediskerasures(greaterthanorequaltothree)underacertaincondition.BecauseonlyXORoperationsareneededintheprocessofencodinganddecoding,LcodeshaveveryhighcomputingefficiencywhichisroughlyequivalenttoXcodes.AnalysisshowsthatLcodesareparticularlysuitableforlarge-scalestoragesystems.

简介：Owingtothelongpropagationdelayandhigherrorrateofacousticchannels,itisverychallengingtoprovidereliabledatatransferforunderwatersensornetworks.Moreover,networkcodingisprovedtobeaneffectivecodingtechniqueforthroughputandrobustnessofnetworks.Inthispaper,weproposeaReliableBraidedMultipathRoutingwithNetworkCodingforunderwatersensornetworks(RBMR-NC).Disjointmulti-pathalgorithmisusedtobuildindependentactualpaths,ascalledmainpaths.Somebraidedpathsoneachmainpatharebuiltaccordingtothebraidedmulti-pathalgorithm,whicharecalledlogicpaths.Whenadatapacketistransmittedbythesenodes,thenodescanemploynetworkcodingtoencodepacketscomingfromthesamegroupinordertofurtherreducerelativityamongthesepackets,andenhancetheprobabilityofsuccessfuldecodingatthesinknode.Braidedmulti-pathcanmakethemainpathstobemultiplexedtoreducetheprobabilityoflongpaths.ThispapermainlyemployssuccessfuldeliveryratetoevaluateRBMR-NCmodelwiththeoreticalanalysisandsimulationmethods.TheresultsindicatethattheproposedRBMR-NCprotocolisvaluabletoenhancenetworkreliabilityandtoreducesystemredundancy.

简介：最小化重建的价值的错误并且改进译码的图象的质量，为变换领域Wyner-Ziv(WZ)录像编码的一个有效重建计划被建议。重建计划利用系数乐队，的时间的关联WZ高效地译码位溪流和方面信息。当方面信息在译码的量子化箱外面时，重建的值用WZ的期望被导出译码的位溪流和方面信息。当方面信息在译码的量子化箱以内时，重建的价值用偏导的预言者被导出。建议重建计划在一样与通常使用的边界重建计划相比获得直到1.32dB的模拟结果表演咬了率和类似的计算费用。

简介：本文在衰落信道下将级联网格编码调制（ＴＣＭ）和连续相位调制（ＣＰＭ）应用于直接序列扩频多址（ＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ）系统中．作者分别采用了理论分析和数值模拟两种方法研究了级联ＴＣＭ／ＣＰＭＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的性能，结果表明在相同的条件下采用级联ＴＣＭ／ＣＰＭ编码调制方式的ＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的错误概率远小于采用单一ＴＣＭ或ＣＰＭ的ＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的错误概率．

简介：BlockmatchinghasbeenusedformotionestimationandmotioncompensationintheAu-dioandVideoStandard(AVS)foryears.Whilehavinganacceptableperformanceindescribingmo-tionbetweenframes,itrequiresquiteafewbitstorepresentthemotionvectors.Incertaincircum-stances,theuseofglobalmotionestimationandcompensationwouldperformequallywellorevenbetterthantheblockmatchingintermsofmotionaccuracy,whileitresultsinthecodingofglobalmotionmodelparameters.Inthisletter,wemodifyanAVScoderbyadding(1)sixglobalmotionmodelparameterstotheframeheader,and(2)modeselectionamongINTRA,SKIP,INTER-16×16,INTER-16×8,INTER-8×16,INTER-8×8,andGlobalMotionCompensation(GMC)modesbyLa-grangeoptimalrate-distortioncriteria.Simulationresultsdemonstratethatover0.1dBimprovementinPSNRisobtainedcomparedtotheAVScoderforanaveragecodedP-framewiththesamebit-rate.

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