简介:铁路路基下沉是一种常见的病害,它影响轨道的稳定,破坏轨道的几何形位,严重的威胁行车安全,工务部门在整治这类病害的过程中积累了丰富的经验。常用的方法是及时补充石碴,起道整修,填补炉灰、修坡脚挡土墙、开挖排水沟、载水沟等等。但是,上述办法对有些地段却是适得其反,不但不能控制病害的发展,而且病害却越来越严重,成为久治不愈的顽症。例如,沈局管内浑白线K199+815m~880m处高路堤地段,在运管15年中填补炉灰3000m~3、补充石碴500m~3、修坡脚挡土墙305m~3,但没有收到效果。1990年在该地段起道维修50多次,左侧下沉量仍然达400多毫米、右侧达100多毫米。在当前运量、轴重、速度不断增长的情况下,保证行车安全是当务之急。为彻底
简介:液体的压强作用一直是船体外板、液舱舱壁等位置板厚设计的主要考虑因素之一,且可归结为局部板格在侧向载荷作用下不屈服的安全衡准问题。结合理论分析及非线性有限元数值计算,对于受侧向载荷作用的局部板格极限强度的影响,探讨了包括边界条件、大挠度问题及相应的薄膜效应等各种影响因素,论证了一种优化的受侧向载荷作用的船体板厚约束设计公式,该公式经济适用且安全。整个探讨过程为船体结构规范的进一步完善提出了建议。
简介:Stronghydrodynamicinteractionsduringtheside-by-sideoffloadingoperationbetweenfloatingliquefiednaturalgas(FLNG)andliquefiednaturalgascarrier(LNGC)caninducehighrisksofcollision.Theweathervaneeffectofasingle-pointmooringsystemnormallyresultsinthesatisfactoryhydrodynamicperformanceoftheside-by-sideconfigurationinheadseas.Nevertheless,thechangesinwavedirectionsinrealseaconditionscansignificantlyinfluencetherelativemotions.Thisarticlestudiestherelativemotionsoftheside-by-sidesystembyusingthetheoreticalanalysismethodandthenumericalcalculationmethod.Basedonthethree-dimensionalpotentialtheorymodifiedbyartificialdamping-lidmethod,thefrequency-domainhydrodynamiccoefficientscanbeimprovedtocalculatetheretardationfunctionsforthemulti-bodyproblem.Anin-housecodeisthendevelopedtoperformthetime-domainsimulationoftwovessels,throughwhichtherelativemotionsaresubsequentlyobtained.Arangeofobliquewavesarechosenfortheextensivecalculationofrelativemotionsbetweenthetwovessels,whicharefurtheranalyzedintermsofthephaseshiftofmotionresponsesinducedbyspecificresonantwavepatterns.Investigationresultsshowthatwavedirectionshaveasignificantinfluenceontherelativesway,roll,andyawmotions.Underthecircumstancethattheabsolutephaseshiftbetweentherollmotionsoftwovesselsapproaches180°,strongerrelativemotionsareinducedwhenLNGCisontheweatherside.Moreover,thegapwaterresonancesathighfrequenciestendtocausethedangerousopposedoscillationoftwovesselsintheswayandyawmodes,whereasFLNGreducesthegapwaterresonancesandrelativemotionswhenlocatedontheweatherside.