简介：因为他们是为计划的很重要的参数，重要波浪高度(SWH)和海表面风速度的气候学是气象学和海洋学的领域里的担心的事近海结构和轮船路由。TOPEX/Poseidon高度表，从1992年9月收集了数据大约13年到2005年10月，在大多数世界海洋上测量了SWH和表面风速度。在这份报纸，全球空间与时间的分布的研究和SWH和海表面风速度的变化用TOPEX/Poseidon高度表数据集合被进行。变化的范围和特征是分析份量上为和平，大西洋，和印度洋。不平的波浪和大海表面风的区域正是局部性的，并且在SWH之间的关联和海表面风速度分析了。

简介：在海洋的上面的层的热分布被使用各种各样的典型因素学习了，一些重要低频率摆动(LFO)已经被发现并且确定。在这篇论文，“一个海区域的热中心”与一个简单方法被定义。然后全球海洋的上面的层的温度数据集(从在to400m下面的表面，1955-2003)被分析检测可能的LFO。不仅一些带的LFO，早被报导，而且垂直、南方的热分发的一些强壮的LFO被检测。类似的垂直摆动模式能在太平洋，大西洋和印度洋被发现，这应该被注意。从一些初步的研究的结果证明垂直LFO可能被太阳的发光异例引起。这研究可以帮助在全球海洋揭示一些未知动态过程并且可以也有益于另外的相关研究。

简介：Iceloadisthedominativeloadinthedesignofoffshoreplatformsintheicezone,andtheextremeiceloadisthekeyfactorthataffectsthesafetyofplatforms.ThepresentpaperstudiesthestatisticalpropertiesoftheglobalresistanceandtheextremeresponsesofthejacketplatformsinBohaiBay,consideringtherandomnessoficeload,deadload,steelelasticmodulus,yieldstrengthandstructuralmemberdimensions.Then,basedontheaboveresults,anefficientapproximatemethodoftheglobalreliabilityanalysisfortheoffshoreplatformsisproposed,whichconvertstheimplicitnonlinearperformancefunctionintheconventionalreliabilityanalysistolinearexplicitone.Finally,numericalexamplesofJZ20-2MSW,JZ20-2NWandJZ20-2MUQoffshorejacketplatformsintheBohaiBaydemonstratethesatisfyingefficiency,accuracyandapplicabilityoftheproposedmethod.

简介：Thevariabilityinglobaloceanicevaporationdatasetswasexaminedfortheperiod1988-2000.ThesedatasetsaresatelliteestimatesbasedonbulkaerodynamicformulationsandincludetheNASA/GoddardSpaceFlightCenterSatellite-basedSurfaceTurbulentFluxversion2(GSSTF2),theJapanese-oceanfluxusingremotesensingobservations(J-OFURO),andtheHamburgOcean-AtmosphereParametersandFluxesfromSatelliteversion2(HOAPS2).TheNationalCenterforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP)reanalysisisalsoincludedforcomparison.Anincreaseinglobalaveragesurfacelatentheatflux(SLHF)canbeobservedinallthedatasets.Empiricalmodedecomposition(EMD)showslong-termincreasesthatstartedaround1990forallremotesensingdatasets.TheeffectofMt.Pinatuboeruptionin1991isclearlyevidentinHOAPS2butisindependentofthelong-termincrease.Linearregressionanalysesshowincreasesof9.4%,13.0%,7.3%,and3.9%forGSSTF2,J-OFURO,HOAPS2andNCEP,fortheperiodsofthedatasets.Empiricalorthogonalfunction(EOF)analysesshowthatthepatternofthefirstEOFofalldatasetsisconsistentwithadecadalvariationassociatedwiththeenhancementofthetropicalHadleycirculation,whichissupportedbyothersatelliteobservations.ThesecondEOFofallfourdatasetsisanENSOmode,andthecorrelationsbetweentheirtimeseriesandanSOIare0.74,0.71,0.59,and0.61forGSSTF2,J-OFURO,HOAPS2,andNCEPinthatorder.WhentheHadleymodesareremovedfromtheremotesensingdata,theresidueglobalincreasesarereducedto2.2%,7.3%,and<1%forGSSTF2,J-OFUROandHOAPS,respectively.IftheENSOmodeisusedasacalibrationstandardforthedatasets,theHadleymodeisatleastcomparableto,ifnotlargerthan,theENSOmodeduringourstudyperiod.

简介：在到环境变化的全球碳周期和它的反应理解海洋角色要求观察的高时间空间的分辨率。从多重来源合并海洋颜色数据是减轻单个海洋颜色传感器的限制的一个有效方法(例如，一行宽度和差距，多云或多雨的天气，和阳光闪烁)并且改进时间、空间的范围。自从看海的宽Field-of-View传感器(SeaWiFS)和在2010年12月11日结束的媒介光谱的分辨率成像分光计(MERIS)和2012年5月9日的使命，分别地，可得到的海洋颜色传感器的数字衰退了，关于空间、时间的范围减少合并海洋颜色数据的好处。在现在的工作，中等分辨率光谱中国的成像器(MERSI)/FY-3在处理合并和全球海洋叶绿素的新数据集被增加一(Chl一)集中(2000-2015)从遥感反射被产生(MERIS的Rrs())观察，中等决定的成像光谱辐射计(MODIS)-AQUA,可见红外线的成像辐射计(VIIRS)和MERSI。这些数据资源首先被合成一个集中数据是的统一遥感反射数据，然后Chl用联合Chl的inversed颜色的一个算法基于索引的算法(中央情报局)和OC3。合并数据产品从MERSI的增加在空间、时间的范围显示出主要改进。当MERSI数据在合并过程被增加时，合并产品的平均每日的范围在约9%是约24%全球海洋和增加。采样频率(时间的范围)被联合MERSI数据极大地改进，与到29.9%的从15.6%增加的中部的采样频率(57d／a)(109d／a)。合并Chl一产品此处被验证由在situ大小并且除了省略MERSI和GlobColour和措施用一样的途径把他们与合并产品作比较合并了数据。在新合并Chl之间的关联和相对错误一产品并且没有MERSI的增加，在situ，观察相对合并产品的结果是稳定的。Chl的时间系列集中没有增加MERSI和单个传感器，异例类似于合并产品。新合并产品从GlobColour和措施在约10%合并Chl以内同意一个产品。

简介：Theglobalresponsesofaninnovativedeepdraftplatformareinvestigatedusingcatenary,semi-taut,andtautmooringmodels,respectively.Thethreemooringsystemshavethesamearrangementsandsimilarstaticrestoringforcecharacteristics.Thedynamiccouplingeffectsbetweentheplatformandthemooringsystemsarecalculatedinthetimedomain.Free-decayand3-hsimulationsareconductedunder1-yearand100-yearreturnperiodenvironmentalconditionsintheSouthChinaSea.Themooringdampingcontributions,theresponsecharacteristics,andthemooringlinetensionsareinvestigated.

简介：InordertoquantitativelyevaluatethespuriousdianeutralmixinginaglobaloceanmodelMPAS-Ocean(ModelforPredictionAcrossScales)usingasphericalcentroidalvoronoitessellationsdevelopedjointlybytheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchandtheLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryintheUnitedStates,wechoosez*verticalcoordinatesysteminMPAS-Ocean,inwhichallphysicalmixingprocesses,suchasconvectionadjustmentandexplicitdiffusionparameterschemes,areomitted,usingalinearequationofstate.BycalculatingtheReferencePotentialEnergy(RPE),frontrevolutionposition,timerateofRPEchange,probabilitydensityfunctiondistributionanddimensionlessparameterχ,fromtheperspectivesofresolution,viscosity,HorizontalGridReynoldsNumber(HGRN),Re?,andmomentumtransmissionscheme,usingtwoidealcases,overflowandbarocliniceddychannel,wequalitativelyanalyzethesimulationresultsbycomparisonwiththethreenon-isopycnalmodelsinIlicaketal.(2012),i.e.,MITGCM,MOM,andROMS.TheresultsshowthatthespuriousdianeutralmixingintheMPAS-Oceanincreasesovertime.ThespuriousdianeutraltransportisproportionaltotheHGRNdirectlyandisreducedbyincreasingthelateralviscosityorusingafinerresolutiontocontrolHGRN.WhentheHGRNislessthan10,spurioustransportisreducedsignificantly.Whenusingtheproperviscosityclosure,MPAS-OceanperformsbetterthanMITGCMandMOM,closelytoROMS,inthe2Dcasewithoutrotation,andmuchbetterthantheabove-mentionedthreeoceanmodelsundertheconditionof3Dspacewithrotationduetothecellareadifferencebetweenthehexagoncellandthequadrilateralcellwiththesameresolution.BoththeZalesak(1979)fluxcorrectedtransportschemeandLeithclosureinMPAS-Oceanplayanexcellentroleinreducingspuriousdianeutralmixing.TheperformanceofLeithschemeispreferabletotheconditionofthree-dimensionalbarocliniceddy.

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简介：Theeddytrackingapproachisdevelopedusingtheglobalnearestneighborfilter(GNNF)toinvestigatetheevolutionprocessesandbehaviorsofmesoscaleeddiesintheSouthChinaSea(SCS).CombiningtheKalmanfilterandoptimaldataassociationtechnologies,theGNNFalgorithmisabletoreducepairingerrorsto0.2%intrackingsyntheticeddytracks,outperformingotherexistingmethods.Atotalof4913eddytracksthatlastmorethanaweekareobtainedbytheGNNFduring1993–2012.Theanalysisofagrowthandadecaybasedon3445simpleeddytracksshowthateddyradius,amplitude,andvorticitysmoothlyincreaseduringthefirsthalfoflifetimeanddeclineduringthesecondhalffollowingaparabolaopeningdownwards.ThegenesisofeddiesmainlyclustersnorthwestandsouthwestofLuzonIslandwhereasthedissipationsconcentratetheXishaIslandswheretheunderwaterbaytrapsandterminateseddies.WestoftheLuzonStrait,northwestofLuzonIsland,andsoutheastofVietnamareregionswhereeddysplitsandmergersarefrequentlyobserved.Shortdisappearancesmainlydistributeinthefirsttworegions.Moreover,eddysplitsgenerallyresultinadecreaseoftheradiusandtheamplitudewhereaseddymergersinducegrowingup.Eddyintensityandvorticity,onthecontrary,arestrengthenedintheeddysplitsanddiminishedinmergers.

简介：Althoughtheannualglobalsea-airCO2fluxhasbeenestimatedextensivelywithvariouswind-dependent-kparameterizations,uncertaintystillexistsintheestimates.Thesea-state-dependent-kparameterizationisexpectedtoimprovetheuncertaintyexistingintheseestimates.Inthepresentstudy,theannualglobalsea-airCO2fluxisestimatedwiththesea-state-dependent-kparameterizationproposedbyWoolf(2005),usingNOAA/NCEPreanalysiswindspeedandhindcastwavedatafrom1998to2006,andanewestimate,-2.18GtCyear-1,isobtained,whichiscomparablewithpreviousestimateswithbiochemicalmethods.Itisinterestingtonotethattheaveragedvalueofpreviousestimateswithvariouswind-dependent-kparameterizationsisalmostidenticaltothatofpreviousestimateswithbiochemicalmethodsbyvariousauthors,andthatthenewestimateisquiteconsistentwiththeseaveragedestimates.

简介：这篇评论文章在大气、海洋的研究与进化的全面历史的评论和各种各样的密度表面的申请开始。Thebackground为中立密度想法的出生提供一个基础。注意从海水的状态的方程的非线性对中立密度表面概念的发展被给予。中立密度表面的定义和性质是当摆平的快活频率N~2是零时，从海水和快活频率的状态的方程发展了详细被描述，稳定性的一个中立状态。以便把中立密度表面用于中间的水团分析，这评论也详细描述它的实际海洋学的应用程序。印射的技术第一次集中于定期在这评论使用gridded数据。一根脊梁和肋骨框架怎么被设计从在世界的海洋扔并且首先印射全球中立表面的一本参考书充实，被考察。几印射的中立密度表面为每世界海洋表现为例子。Thewater团性质在每海洋被分析在中间深度。中立密度表面的特征与潜在的密度表面的那些相比。