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简介：ＰＥＲＳＰＥＣＴＩＶＥＳＯＦＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＣＹＣＬＯＮＥＵＮＵＳＵＡＬＭＯＴＩＯＮＳ──ＴＨＥＤＩＦＦＩＣＵＬＴＩＥＳＩＮＣＵＲＲＥＮＴＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＣＹＣＬＯＮＥＦＯＲＥＣＡＳＴＩＮＧＣｈｅｎＬｉａｎｓｈｏｕ（陈联寿）ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍ...

简介：Therelationshipbetweenthetropicalintra-seasonaloscillation(ISO)andtropicalcyclones(TCs)activitiesovertheSouthChinaSea(SCS)isinvestigatedbyutilizingtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction/NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(NCEP/NCAR)globalreanalysisdataandtropicalcyclonebest-trackdatafrom1949to2009.Themainconclusionsare:(1)AnewISOindexisdesignedtodescribethetropicalISOactivityovertheSCS,whichcansimplyexpressISOforSCS.AfterexaminingtheapplicabilityoftheindexconstructedbytheClimatePredictionCenter(CPC),wefindthattheconvectionspatialscalereflectedbythisindexistoolargetocharacterizethesmall-scaleSCSandfailstodividetheTCsactivitiesovertheSCSintoactiveandinactivecategories.Consequently,theCPCindexcan’treplacethefunctionofthenewISOindex;(2)TheeastwardspreadprocessoftropicalISOisdividedintoeightphasesusingthenewISOindex,thephasevariationofwhichcorrespondswellwiththeTCsactivitiesovertheSCS.TCsgenerationandlandingaresignificantlyreducedduringinactiveperiod(phase4-6)relativetothatduringactiveperiod(phase7-3);(3)ThecompositeanalysesindicatedistinctTCsactivitiesovertheSCS,whichisconsistentwiththeconcomitantpropagationoftheISOconvectiveactivity.DuringISOactiveperiod,theweathersituationsarefavorableforTCsdevelopmentovertheSCS,e.g.,strongconvection,cyclonicshearandweaksubtropicalhigh,andviceversa;(4)Thecondensationheatingcenters,strongconvectionandwatervaporfluxdivergencearewellcollocatedwitheachotherduringISOactiveperiod.Inaddition,theverticalprofileofcondensationheatindicatesstrongascendingmotionandmiddle-levelheatingovertheSCSduringactiveperiod,andviceversa.Thus,theeastwardpropagationoftropicalISOiscapabletomodulateTCsactivitiesbyaffectingtheheatingconfigurationovertheSCS.

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简介：Cloudprofilingradar(CPR)onboardCloudSatallowsfordeeppenetrationintodenseclouds/precipitation.Inthisstudy,tropicalcyclones(TCs)areclassifiedintothreestagesasdeveloping,mature,anddecaying.ThecircularTCareawiththeradiusof500kmisdividedintofiveregions.Theverticalstructurecharacteristicsof94WesternPacificTCsatdifferentstagesindifferentregionsfromJune2006toFebruary2014arestatisticallyquantifiedusingtheCloudSattropicalcycloneoverpassproduct(theCSTCProduct).Contouredfrequencybyaltitudediagrams(CFADs)ofradarreflectivityshowanarc-likefeatureandexhibitoppositedistributionswithaboundaryat5km.Brightbandsarefoundatthisaltitude,indicatingmeltinglayers.Deepconvective(DC)cloudshavethelargestoccurrenceprobabilityintheinnerregion,whileCicloudsoccurmorefrequentlyintheouterregionat10-15km.AscloudshavethesecondlargestverticalscaleafterDCclouds.DistributionsofAc,Cu,andNscloudsatdifferentstageshavefewdistinctions.Asthealtitudeincreases,theiceeffectiveradiusandthedistributionwidthparameterdecreasewhiletheparticlenumberconcentrationincreases.Moiststaticenergy(MSE),cloudthickness(CT),liquidwaterpath(LWP),icewaterpath(IWP),watervapor(WV),andrainrate(RR)alldiminishalongtheradialdirectionandaresignificantlylargeratthematurestage.TheaveragevalueofMSEatthedevelopingstageislargerthanthatatthedecayingstage.

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简介：Thecirculationofβ-gyresintropicalcyclonesisstudiedusingnumericalsimulations.Asshownintheresult,thereisclearcirculationofβ-gyresinthedeviationflowfieldofthemiddlelayerofthemodel,i.e.thereiscyclonecurrentwestofthevortexcenterbutanticyclonecurrenteastofit.Thetheoryanalysisshowsthatthecirculationofβ-gyresisformedbytheadvectionofgeostrophicvorticity.

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简介：与从在1970和2001之间的热带气旋年鉴的数据，统计分析被执行学习气候的特征乍见陆地TC(作为TCshereafter注意了)在有详细规格的中国，注意集中于乍见陆地频率，地点，支撑，腐烂，转变，增强和驱散等等。结果显示在土地上的TC的支撑的时期是相当不同的为不同乍见陆地看到，并且从Guangxito浙江增加了。TC紧张的最明显的减少主要在12个小时以内发生在以后乍见陆地。TC越强壮，它越腐烂。TC是的在上区域驱散罐头嬉痞的集会Heilongjiang，极北，并且云南，最西。而且，Guangxi是有高作为与另外的沿海的区域相比驱散率和题目到TC驱散的一个区域。

简介：什么时候热带气旋(此后作为TC参考了)在海洋上，表面磨擦在TC的发展起一个双作用。从水蒸汽供应的观点，摩擦集中并且Ekman抽为组织积云传送对流提供潮湿的来源并且对TC的旋转起来慈悲。在另一方面，表面磨擦导致阻碍TC的增强的动能的驱散。它角色在TC的发展中的阶段是主导的是一个争论问题。在现在的工作，TC的生长上的表面磨擦的影响由进行与不同气旋的骚乱初始化的数字实验的二个集合详细是re-examined。结果显示因为TC的固有的复杂性，TC的进化上的表面磨擦的影响不能简单地被归结到积极或否定。在TC以一个温暖的核心从一个低级旋涡开始的情况中，表面磨擦和结果的垂直运动由加速对流可得到的势能(披肩)的逐渐增加并且保证潮湿供应并且上升空气包裹在TC的早发展中的阶段做重要贡献到传送对流。这效果是那么突出的它统治导致磨擦的驱散并且在TC的旋转起来使表面磨擦成为一个facilitative因素。然而，为从中央规模形成的TC，对流旋涡(MCV)在一个长持续的中央孵化了规模对流系统(MCS)，起始的域，和特别低级湿度和冷核心，启用传送对流的前提(即，有条件的不稳定性，潮湿，并且上升)，由表面磨擦导致了甚至没有抽的边界层的帮助，容易被完成。因此，表面磨擦上的TC的发展的信赖不象源于一个低级旋涡那一样重。在通过为传送对流便于有利条件认识到的TC的发展的表面磨擦的积极效果被导致磨擦的驱散将近抵销。然而，当SST在后者盒子中被提高，状况可以被改变，并且不同发展速度可以有或没有考虑的表面磨擦出现在模型TC之间。简言之，由于TC开发是的事实，复杂进程由象起始的不安那样的许多因素影响了，SST，等等，到TC的增强的表面磨擦的重要性可以从大小写极其变化到大

简介：BasedonNCEP/CFSR0.5°reanalysisdataandthebesttrackdatafromtheJapanTokyoTyphoonCenter,compositeandcomparativeanalysesdemonstratetheasymmetricalstructuresofthetemperatureandhumidityintropicalcyclonesovertheWesternNorthPacificandtheSouthChinaSeafrom1979to2010.Theresultsareshownasfollows.（1）Withintensifyingtropicalcyclones,theflowfieldtendstobecomegraduallymoreaxisymmetric;however,theasymmetryofthespecifichumidityintheouterregionsismoreobvious.（2）Ingeneral,tropicalcycloneshaveanon-uniform,vertical,'doublewarm-core'structure.The'warm-cores'inthelowerlevelofweaktropicalcyclonesandinthehigherlevelofstrongtropicalcyclonesarethestrongerofthetwo.（3）Thedistributionareaofa'warm-core'isenhancedwithcycloneintensificationandtendstobecomemoreaxisymmetric.At200hPa,the'warm-core'ofaweakcyclonehasaweakanticycloneinthecenter,whereasthatofastrongcyclonehasaweakcycloneinthecenter.（4）The'wet-core'ofatropicalcycloneisprimarilylocatedinthelowerlevel（700-850hPa）.Withthecyclone’sintensification,theintensityofthe'wet-core'increasesandthescopeofthe0.8gkg-1specifichumidityanomalytendstoexpandtohigherlevels.（5）Withthecyclone’sdeepening,thepseudo-equivalentpotentialtemperatureatdifferentlevelsindifferentregionsincreases.Inaddition,thelargestwarmingratesateachintensitylevelinthedifferentregionsoccurinthecorearea,followedinturnbytheenvelopeandouterareas.

简介：在极的坐标并且与在热带气旋的包裹速度在线性变化并且表面压力的分发同意Fujita公式的想象基于原始方程，一套方程被导出，它描述中央压力的不安的影响，风地上的热带气旋的运动的热带气旋，方向和速度的位置。热带气旋的动能的第二顺序近似能被方程在线性近似下面描述，这被证明。台风Wipha(2007)被选择验证上述解释方法，并且结果证明风地的解释方法以前能给很好的结果乍见陆地热带气旋，当不做明显的改进在以后时乍见陆地。在这份报纸的动态解释方法对近改进热带气旋的风地的预报到海岸适用。

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简介：UsingthemethodofSingularSpectrumAnalysis(SSA),theevolutionregularityoftropicalcycloneslandinginGuangdongareanalyzed.ThemainperiodsofyearlytopicalcycloneslandinginGuangdongarefoundat8andquasi-3years,andinthewestofPearlRiverMouthare12andquasi-2yearstothewestofPearlRiverMouth.ThenorthwestPacificthattopicalcyclonesaregeneratedisdividedinto8areas,andtheSea-SurfaceTemperature(SST)ineachareaisanalyzedusingSSA.ThemainperiodsofNINO-westare8and3years,andthoseofthewarmpoolare12and2years,respectively.ThismaybethephysicalreasonforthegenerationtropicalcycloneslandinginGuangdong.BycombiningtheMaximumEntropyMethod(MEM)withSSA(SSA-MEM),theyearlyvariationtrendoftropicalcycloneslandinginGuangdongandthePearlRiverMouthareforecast,andtheresultsaregood.Themethodcanbeusedinoperationalshort-rangeclimateforecast.

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简介：在这研究，通过了台湾海峡的三热带气旋(TC)被分析；我们的结果与TC的紧张有关直接证明降水不是。从水预算的观点，潮湿流动集中主导、贡献为在在陆地上的海洋和几乎所有上的TC降水的70%潮湿，特别在TC发行量内。他们的空间分布也是类似的。蒸发在海洋上为降水贡献了30%潮湿，但是与时间改变了很少。潮湿流动集中能被划分成二部分：弯屈集中和潮湿移流。潮湿流动集中主要由于风集中，它在TC的西南的象限是主导的。潮湿移流位于北区域，并且当TC接近了陆地时，变得相对重要。潮湿流动集中和它的二部分在TC运动期间变化了，与乍见陆地加强和近在场的潮湿集中的收缩。三个TC盒子的垂直结构都显示潮湿集中主要在800hPa下面被限制到更低的空气，一个弱分叉区域在在550hPa附近的中间的对流层是在场的。

简介：Weathermodelsareessentialtoolsforcheckingoftheeffectoftheweatherelementsintermsoftheireffectontheproductionofthecrop.Thisresearchisanattempttoseetheeffectofonlytwovariablesi.e.,temperatureandrainfallforthedivisionFaisalabad(semitropicalregionofPakistan).Themodelfittedisofthelinearform:thevaluesofa,b,chavebeenfound.Theexpectedyieldhasbeencalculatedbyusingthearidityindices(X1andX2)andtheresultintheformofcoefficientofdeterminationR2hasbeenfoundequalto0.166.Thesignificanceoftheregressioncoefficienthasbeentested,whichshowsthatthecontributiontotheyieldfromaridityindexatgerminationandthatatripeningissignificant.Thewheatyieldsaretheresultsofawidevarietyofvariables,mostofwhichshowvaryingdegreeofrelationshipwithoneanother,somepositiveandsomenegativeintermsofoutput.Thesevariablesmaybetechnology,fertilizers,pesticides,epidemics,kindsofseedsused,market

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简介：Inthispaper,usingHolland’smethod,theeffectofthehorizontalstructureoftropicalcyclonesontheirmotionisinvestigated.The"characteristicradius",r0characterizedasthehorizontalstructureofatropicalcyclone,inwhichmandparetheparametersofthevortex,hasbeenfoundbytheauthor.Andthenithasbeenshownthatthereisbutone"characteristicradius"foreachcyclonewithhorizontalstructure.Twodirectanalyticsolutionsfortheuniformandnon-uniformbasicflowsinsteadysituationsarepresentedwithrcResultsshowthatthechangeinthehorizontalstructureofthetropicalcycloneitselfwillhaveobviouseffectonthecyclonemotion,onbothitsdirectionandspeed.Thereforeitmustbeconsideredintheresearchonthetropicalcyclonemotion.