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简介：Inordertounifythetimeandthespaceattributesintotemporal-spatialdistance,thetemporal-spatialproportionalcoefficientfTSisproposedinthispaper.Inaccordancewiththenewdistanceconcept,thetemporal-spatialcorrelativitywithintemporaldoubletsofstrongearthquakesinNorthChinaanditsvicinitysinceAD1500hasbeenanalyzed.ThecomputationresultsindicatethatdoubletsofstrongearthquakecanbedividedintotwogroupswhenfTSisendowedwith10km/ainthenewdistanceformula.Thetemporal-spatialdistancebetweentwopointsofdoubletgenerallycannotexceed140kmwhentwostrongquakesindoublethavesomecausativerelation.Andthosedoubletswithtemporal-spatialdistanceexceeding280kmareprobablyindependentseismiceventsindoublets.Thischaractercanbethereferencetothemigrationlawsummarizationandtrendprediction.

简介：Sand-duststormisaspecialnaturaldisasterthatfrequentlyoccursindesertsandtheirsurroundingareas.WiththedatapublishedonSurfaceMeteorologicalMonthlyBulletinandSurfaceChartduring1971-1996,thetemporal-spatialdistributionandannualvariationofsand-duststormsareanalyzedonthebasisofthecasestudyofatmosphericprocesses.Furthermore,thetracksandsourceareasofsand-duststormsaredeterminedwiththeaidofGIS.TheresultsshowthatexceptsomepartsofQinghaiProvinceandInnerMongoliaaswellasBeijing,sand-duststormsdecreaseapparentlyintimeandspaceinrecentdecadesinChina.Sand-duststormsoccurmostfrequentlyinspring,especiallyinApril.Accordingtotheirsourceareas,sand-duststormsareclassifiedintotwotypes,i.e.,theinner-sourceandouter-sourcesand-duststorms.Mostoftheouter-sourcesand-duststormsmovealongthenorthandwesttracks.Thenorth-trackouter-sourcesand-duststormsalwaysintrudeintoChinaacrosstheSino-MongolianborderfromHami,acityintheeasternpartofXinjiang,toXilinGol,aleagueinInnerMongolia,whilethewest-trackonesintrudeintoChinafrombothsouthernandnorthernXinjiang.Thesourcelandsofinner-sourcesand-duststormsconcentrateintheTaklimakanDesertanditssurroundingareasinsouthernXinjiang,southernpartoftheJunggarBasininnorthofXinjiang,theHexiCorridorinwesternGansuProvince,thedrydesertsofInnerMongoliaandtheQaidamBasininQinghai.

简介：AnewcombinedFermi,betatron,andturbulentelectronaccelerationmechanismisproposedininteractionofmagneticislandsduringturbulentmagneticreconnectionevolutioninexplosiveastrophysicalphenomenaatlargetemporal-spatialscale(LTSTMR),theratioofobservedcurrentsheetsthicknesstoelectroncharacteristiclength,electronLarmorradiusforlow-βandelectroninertiallengthforhigh-β,isontheorderof10^10–10^11;theratioofobservedevolutiontimetoelectrongyroperiodisontheorderof10^7–10^9).Theoriginalcombinedaccelerationmodelisknowntobeoneofgreatestimportanceintheinteractionofmagneticislands;itassumesthatthecontinuouskinetic-dynamictemporal-spatialscaleevolutionoccursastwoseparateindependentprocesses.Inthispaper,wereconsiderthecombinedaccelerationmechanismbyintroducingakinetic-dynamic-hydrofull-coupledmodelinsteadoftheoriginalmicro-kineticormacro-dynamicmodel.Weinvestigatedifferentaccelerationmechanismsinthevicinityofneutralpointsinmagneticislandsevolution,fromthestageofshrinkandbreakupintosmallerislands(kineticscale),tothestageofcoalescenceandgrowthintolargerislands(dynamicscale),tothestagesofconstantandquasi-constant(contracting-expanding)islands(hydroscale).Asaresult,wegiveforthefirsttimetheaccelerationefficienciesofdifferenttypesofaccelerationmechanismsinmagneticislands’interactionsinsolaratmosphereLTSTMRactivities(pico-,10^–2–10^5m;nano-,10^5–10^6m;micro-,10^6–10^7m;macro-,10^7–10^8m;large-,10^8–10^9m).

简介：A2D-directionofarrivalestimation(DOAE)formultiinputandmulti-output(MIMO)radarusingimprovedmultipletemporal-spatialsubspacesinestimatingsignalparametersviarotationalinvariancetechniquesmethod(TS-ESPRIT)isintroduced.InordertorealizetheimprovedTS-ESPRIT,theproposedalgorithmdividestheplanararrayintomultipleuniformsub-planararrayswithcommonreferencepointtogetaunifiedphaseshiftsmeasurementpointforallsub-arrays.TheTS-ESPRITisappliedtoeachsub-arrayseparately,andinthesametimewiththeotherstorealizetheparallellytemporalandspatialprocessing,sothatitreducesthenon-linearityeffectofmodelanddecreasesthecomputationaltime.Then,thetimedifferenceofarrival(TDOA)techniqueisappliedtocombinethemultiplesub-arraysinordertoformtheimprovedTS-ESPRIT.Itisfoundthattheproposedmethodachieveshighaccuracyatalowsignaltonoiseratio(SNR)withlowcomputationalcomplexity,leadingtoenhancementoftheestimatorsperformance.

简介：Changjiang河口和它的邻近的水在中国形成最重要的河口和沿海的区域之一。多，来源和长期的数据被装配检验溶解的氧的时间空间的分发特征()在为过去的Changjiang河口和它的邻近的水50一。结果证明在不同季节的表面的DO集中通常保持稳定，当在冬季的DO集中为最后显示细微增加时50一。确实从6～8mg/L在冬季，并且在夏天和秋天平均集中，春天从7～11mg/L变化。Hypoxic价值首先出现在5月，并且低价值羽毛能沿着浙江和福建省的沿海的区域在春天在底部上被观察，中国。在夏天，羽毛向北方进展，并且北横断的hypoxic紧张比南部的横断高得多。直到秋天，组织缺氧区域渐渐地逐渐减弱，并且完全消失在冬季。在内持续50一，在Changjiang河口的组织缺氧和它的邻近的水开始出现在1980年代。自从2000，组织缺氧的度严重增加了，分发深度变得更小。它基于大量历史的数据被执行，并且研究结果将意义大在Changjiang河口附近在组织缺氧的动态发展推进学习。

简介：Analysisofdeformationdatameasuredacrossthefaults,regionalverticaldeformationdataandGPSmeasurementsintheSichuan-Yunnanregionmadesincethe1980spermittedustoconcludethatthecrustaldeformationintheregionduringthisperiodoftimewasrelativelyweakandcausedtheoccurrenceofearthquakes(Ms≥6.0),whichwerenotdistributedalongthemajorboundaryactivefaultsintheregionafterthe1981DawuMs6.9earthquakeandthattheseismicactivityischaracterizedbyquasi-clockwisemigration.Thus,itfollowsthatearthquakepredictionresearchshouldbefocusedonthecentralpartoftheSichuan-Yunnanregioninthecomingyears.Finally,aconceptoftemporaldivisionoftheregionintoactiveblocksissuggestedandthepreliminaryresultofthedivisionisgiveninthepaper.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease classified by the World Health Organization as one of the most neglected tropical diseases. Brazil has the highest incidence of CL in America and is one of the ten countries in the world with the highest number of cases. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of CL is essential to provide guidelines for public health policies in Brazil. In the present study we used a spatial and temporal statistical approach to evaluate the dynamics of CL in Brazil.Methods:We used data of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases provided by the Ministry of Health of Brazil from 2001 to 2017. We calculated incidence rates and used the Mann-Kendall trend test to evaluate the temporal trend of CL in each municipality. In addition, we used Kuldorff scan method to identify spatiotemporal clusters and emerging hotspots test to evaluate hotspot areas and their temporal trends.Results:We found a general decrease in the number of CL cases in Brazil (from 15.3 to 8.4 cases per 100 000 habitants), although 3.2% of municipalities still have an increasing tendency of CL incidence and 72.5% showed no tendency at all. The scan analysis identified a primary cluster in northern and central regions and 21 secondary clusters located mainly in south and southeast regions. The emerging hotspots analysis detected a high spatial and temporal variability of hotspots inside the main cluster area, diminishing hotspots in eastern Amazon and permanent, emerging, and new hotspots in the states of Amapá and parts of Pará, Roraima, Acre and Mato Grosso. The central coast the state of Bahia is one of the most critical areas due to the detection of a cluster of the highest rank in a secondary cluster, and because it is the only area identified as an intensifying hotspot.Conclusions:Using a combination of statistical methods we were able to detect areas of higher incidence of CL and understand how it changed over time. We suggest that these areas, especially those identified as permanent, new, emerging and intensifying hotspots, should be targeted for future research, surveillance, and implementation of vector control measures.

简介：Ｓｐａｔｉａｌａｎｄｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆ　ｇｒａｖｉｔｙ　ｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅｃａｐｉｔａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎＣｈａｎｇ－ＣａｉＨＵＡ；（华昌才）ＹｏｎｇＧＵＯ；（果勇）Ｄｕａｎ－ＦａＬＩＵ；（刘瑞法）ＧａｎｇＸＩＡＯ；（肖钢），Ｊ．Ｔ．...

简介：UsingthemethodsofcombininglandscapeecologywithGISspatialanalysis,thispaperanalysesthedynamicsofthemarshlandscapestuctureoftheSanjingPlaininthepast20years,furthermore,takingFujinCounty,locatedinthenorthoftheplain,asanexample,analyzestheconversionbetweenmarshandotherlandusetypes.ItisshownthatthemarshintheSanjiangPlaindecreasedgreatlyinthepast20years,butthetrendhasbeguntoreverse,Themarshareadecreasedby51.33%from1980to1996,whereasitdecreasedby4.19%from1996to2000.Thefragmentationofthemarshincreased;thenumberofthepatchesincreasedby326from1986to1996,whereasitonlyincreasedby18patchesfrom1996to2000,Itisobviousthatthespeedofpatchesnumberdiminishedandthemarshfragmentationdecreased,whichshowsthatthereclamationofthemarshconvertedfromthefragmentationtothebriminalargeareaofthemarsh.Thereclaimedmarshhasmainlyconvertedtopaddyfieldanddryland.Largeareaofthemarsh.Thereclaimedmarshhasmainlyconvertedtopaddyfiedldanddryland.Large-scalereclamationintheSanjiangPlaininfluencesitsnaturalenvironmentdirectly:theclimateoftheregionturnsfromcoldandwettowarmanddry,whichmakesthemarshbothinthelow-temperaturenorthernpartandinthedeeplystagnanteasternpartsuitableforfurtheragriculturaldevelopment.

简介：这份报纸描述在AVHRR/NDVI(规范的差别植被索引)和climatological参数(温度和降水)之间的空间、时间的关系，在某感觉，它被地形学的因素和陆地封面类型在科罗拉多影响。关联系数和部分关联系数被计算了由在科罗拉多上的象素的象素以便分析关系。AVHRR/NDVI，温度和降水的时间的变化和关联与一个采样方法被分析。学习表明那在那里存在在每月的NDVI和温度之间的靠近的通讯，它在科罗拉多在NDVI的变化上从温度有强壮的影响。自从这二个变量及时与对方不同，NDVI的空间变化没被降水显然影响在科罗拉多的系列。学习清楚地在科罗拉多揭示了空间变化和它在NDVI和气候的参数(温度和降水)之间的关系的分发模式。

简介：这篇论文学习红河盆的流量的变化并且讨论“走廊障碍”的影响由基于每月的降水使用GIS和统计方法的流量的变化上的山谷和山的功能，温度一

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简介：降水和联系的云水疗院流星有大时间、空间的可变性，它使预报的精确量的降水困难。因此，精确降水的依赖和时间、空间的规模上的联系的云模拟成为一个重要问题。我们报导由把控制实验与实验作比较在这个问题上解决当模特儿的分析的云由起始的温度，水蒸汽，和云条件使不安。仅当不安实验和控制实验之间的root-mean-squared差别比标准差小，模拟被认为精确。分析可以建议精确降水和云模拟不能同时在两好时间、空间的规模上被获得，它限制预报的量的降水。水蒸汽集中的精确模拟能在每日的时间规模上导致精确降水和云模拟，但是它不能对降水和云模拟有益在上时时，时间由于云过程的优势可伸缩。

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简介：Time-meanglobalgeneralcirculationdataareemployedtoanalyzethetemporalandspatialvariationsofthemeridionalgradientofzonalmeanpotentialvorticity,thecriticalwavenumbern_sforhorizontalwave-propagation,andthecriticalwavenumberK_cforverticalwave-propagation.Therebythekinematiccharac-teristicsinthepropagationofatmosphericstationarywavesandtheirannualvariationsarestudied.Resultsshowthatinthetropospheren_sandK_cusuallydecreasewiththeincreaseofeitherlatitudeoraltitude.Synopticandnear-resonantRossbywavescouldbetrappedduringtheirupwardandmeridionalpropagations.Thesecharacteristicspossessprominentannualvariations,especiallyintheNorthernHemisphere.Itisfoundthatthespatialandtemporalvariationsofthesekinematiccharacteristicsareingoodagreementwiththoseoftheatmosphericwavepatterns.

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