简介:Quantumeffectsplayanenhancementroleinp-pchainreactionsoccurringwithinstars.Suchanenhancementisquantifiedbyawavepenetrationfactorthatisproportionaltothedensityoftheparticipatingfuelparticles.Thisleadstoaninnovativetheoryfordenseplasma,anditsresultshowsgoodagreementwithindependentdataderivedfromthesolarenergyoutput.AnanalysisofthefirstZ-pinchmachineinmankind’shistoryexhibitingneutronemissionleadstoaderiveddeuteriumplasmabeamdensitygreaterthanthatofwater,withplasmavelocitiesexceeding10000km/s.Fusionpowercouldbeachievedbytheintersectionoffoursuchpinchedplasmabeamswithpowerfulhead-oncollisionsintheircommonfocalregionduetothebeamandtargetenhancedreaction.
简介:原子受体在细胞的环境察觉到,区别,开发,动态平衡,和新陈代谢起一个必要作用并且高度因此被保存到对面多重的种类。在有免疫力的房间的原子受体的反煽动性的角色最近获得了识别。原子受体在myeloid和淋巴的房间起关键作用,特别地在助手CD4+;T房间类型17(Th17)并且规章的T房间(Treg)。Th17和Treg通过他们和表明小径的cytokine的相互作用在细胞的命运上有主要影响。最近的研究强调了在原子受体和已知的cytokine信号之间的相互作用并且这些相互作用怎么在Th17和Treg子集影响主人抄写因素的表示和功能。这评论将在调整Th17/Treg房间命运决心有关原子受体的角色集中于最近的发现。
简介:Themartensitic/ferriticsteelshavebeenusedasboilerandturbinematerialsinpowerplants,andalsobeenselectedaspotentialmaterialsforstructuralmaterialsinnuclearreactors.Inthispaper,thekineticanalysisofthemartensiteformationandmicrostructuralcontrolofhigh-Crmartensitic/ferriticsteelsarereviewed.Amodularapproach,incorporatingFisherpartitioningnucleationandanisotropicgrowthforimpingement,wasproposedtodescribethemartensiteformationkineticsunderdifferentcoolingrates.Thekineticanalysissuggestedathermal-activatedgrowthfeatureoccurringduringthemartensitictransformationofmartensiticsteels.Themicrostructurecanbetunedbycompositionoptimizationandvariouscombinationsofheattreatmentparameters(temperature,time,severeandminordeformation).Fortheapplicationinpowerplant,thepotentialofboundary-design,refinementoforiginalaustenitegrainsizeandthefinalmartensiticlath,pinningeffectofstablecarbides,inimprovingtheperformancesofmartensitic/ferriticsteelsatelevatedtemperaturesshouldbeinvestigatedmorethoroughly.Furthermore,effortsshouldbemadetoexploretheeffectsofretainedausteniteontheimprovementofhigh-temperaturecreepstrength.Fortheapplicationofnuclearplants,attemptsshouldalsobemadetoproduceFepowderswithuniformlydistributedoxideparticlesbychemicalreactions.
简介:PureAl2O3-2SiO2powderswerepreparedbysol-gelandcoprecipitationmethods,andtheiralkaliactivationreactivitieswerecompared.Thealkali-activationreactivityofthepowderpreparedbythesol-gelmethodwashigherthanthatofthepowderpreparedbythecoprecipitationmethod.Thepowderswereinvestigatedby27AIand29Simagic-anglespinningnuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy(MASNMR)tounderstandtherelationshipbetweentheirstructureandalkali-activationreactivity.The27AlMASNMRdatashowedthatthefive-coordinateAIcontentofthepowderpreparedbythesol-gelmethodwashigherthanthatofthepowderpreparedbycoprecipitation.Thehighercontentoffive-coordinateAlcorrespondedtohigheralkali-activationreactivity.The29SiMASNMRdatashowedthatforthepowderpreparedbythesol-gelmethod,siliconwasreplacedbyaluminumatsecondarycoordinationsitesofthecentralSiatomsduringcalcination.However,forthepowderpreparedbysingle-batchcoprecipitation,themainchangewasfromalowdegreeofpolycondensationtoahighdegreeofpolycondensation.