简介:Thisstudyinvestigatedcharacteristicsofbifurcationandcriticalbucklingloadbyshapeimperfectionofspacetruss,whichweresensitivetoinitialconditions.Thecriticalpointandbucklingloadwerecomputedbytheanalysisoftheeigenvaluesanddeterminantsofthetangentialstiffnessmatrix.Thetwo-free-nodesexampleandstardomewereselectedforthecasestudyinordertoexaminethenodalbucklingandglobalbucklingbythesensitivitytotheeigenbucklingmodeandtheanalysesoftheinfluence,andcharacteristicsoftheparametersasdefinedbytheloadratioofthecenternodeandsurroundingnode,aswellasrise-spanratiowereperformed.Thesensitivitytotheimperfectionoftheinitialshapeofthetwo-free-nodesexample,whichoccursduetosnappingatthecriticalpoint,resultedinbifurcationbeforethelimitpointduetothebucklingmode,andthebucklingloadwasreducedbytheincreaseintheamountofimperfection.Thetwosensitivebucklingpatternsofthenumericalmodelareestablishedbyinvestigatingthedisplacedpositionofthefreenodes,andtheasymmetriceigenmodegreatlyinfluencedthebehavioroftheimperfectionshapewhetheritwasatlimitpointorbifurcation.Furthermore,thesensitivemodeofthetwo-free-nodesexamplewassimilartothein-extensionalbasismechanismofasimplifiedmodel.Thestardome,whichwasusedtoexaminetheinfluenceamongseveralnodes,indicatedthattheinfluenceofnodalbucklingwasgreaterthanthatofglobalbucklingastherise-spanratiowashigher.Besides,globalbucklingisoccurredwithreachingbifurcationpointasthevalueofloadratiowashigher,andthebucklingloadlevelwasabout50%-70%ofloadlevelatlimitpoint.
简介:Inthispaper,thefeedbackloadreductionprobleminwirelesssystemsbasedonorthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM)isinvestigatedandanopportunisticfeedbackscheme(OFS)isproposed.ThekeyideabehindOFSisthatonlythekeychannelgainswhichcansignificantlyaffectthesystemthroughputarefedbacktotheBS.Firstly,thekeychannelgainsareprovedtobelongtoachannelgaininterval.Secondly,astatisticalmethodisproposedtoestimatethechannelgaininterval.Thirdly,theopportunisticfeedbackschemeisformulatedandthefeedbackloadofOFSisanalyzed.TheadvantageofOFSisthreefold:thefirstisOFScanworkinbothOFDM-basedmulticastsystemandOFDM-basedunicastsystem.ThesecondisthechannelfadingtypeoftheBS-userlinkisnotrequired,whichismorerealistic.ThethirdisOFScangetbetterfeedbackloadperformancecomparedwithotherschemes,whileachievingalmostthesamethroughputperformancecomparedwiththatoffullfeedbackscheme.
简介:InvehicleAd-hocnetwok(VANET),trafficloadisoftenunevenlydistributedamongaccesspoints(APs).Suchloadimbalancehampersthenetworkfromfullyutilizingthenetworkcapacity.Toalleviatesuchimbalance,thepaperintroducesanovelpricinggamemodel.Theresearchsceneisattheintersectionwhenthetrafficlightisgreen.Asvehiclesarehighlymobileandthenetworktypologychangesdynamically,thepaperdividesthegreenlighttimeintoequalslotsandcalculatesAPs'priceswiththepresentedpricinggameineachtimeslot.Thewholeprocessisarepeatedgamemodel.ThefinalequilibriumsolutionsetisAPs'pricingstrategy,andthepaperclaimthatthisequilibriumsolutionsetcanaffectvehicles'selectionandensureAPs'load-balancing.Simulationresultsbasedonarealisticvehiculartrafficmodeldemonstratetheeffectivenessofthegamemethod.
简介:Thisworkpresentsanewanalyticalmethodtoanalyzetheinfluenceofreactionpilesonthetestpileresponseinastaticloadtest.Inourmethod,theinteractiveeffectbetweensoilandpileissimulatedusingindependentspringsandthesheardisplacementmethodisadoptedtoanalyzetheinfluenceofreactionpilesontestpileresponse.Moreover,theinfluenceoftheshelteringeffectbetweenreactionpilesandtestpileonthetestpileresponseistakenintoaccount.Twocasesareanalyzedtoverifytherationalityandefficiencyofthepresentmethod.Thismethodcanbeeasilyextendedtoanonlinearresponseofaninfluencedtestpileembeddedinamultilayeredsoil,andthevalidityisalsodemonstratedusingcentrifugemodeltestsandacomputerprogrampresentedintheliterature.Thepresentanalysesindicatethattheproposedmethodwillleadtoanunderestimationofthetestpilesettlementinastaticloadtestiftheinfluenceofthepresenceofreactionpilesonthetestpileresponseisneglected.
简介:ThepresentpaperinvestigatesthedynamicresponseoffiniteTimoshenkobeamsrestingonasixparameterfoundationsubjectedtoamovingload.ItisforthefirsttimethattheGalerkinmethodanditsconvergencearestudiedfortheresponseofaTimoshenkobeamsupportedbyanonlinearfoundation.ThenonlinearPasternakfoundationisassumedtobecubic.Therefore,theefectsofthesheardeformablebeamsandthesheardeformationoffoundationsareconsideredatthesametime.TheGalerkinmethodisutilizedfordiscretizingthenonlinearpartialdifferentialgoverningequationsoftheforcedvibration.ThedynamicresponsesofTimoshenkobeamsaredeterminedviathefourth-orderRunge–Kuttamethod.Moreover,theefectsofdiferenttruncationtermsonthedynamicresponsesofaTimoshenkobeamrestingonacomplexfoundationarediscussed.ThenumericalinvestigationsshowsthatthedynamicresponseofTimoshenkobeamssupportedbyelasticfoundationsneedssuperhigh-ordermodes.Furthermore,thesystemparametersarecomparedtodeterminethedependenceoftheconvergencesoftheGalerkinmethod.
简介:Forafinitebeamwithanonzerogapdistance,anasymmetricconcentratedloadcanbeeitherinsideoroutsideofthecontactzone.Anewgoverningequationisgivenforthecaseofaconcentratedloadoutsidethecontactzone.Bynumericallysolvingtheleft-sideandright-sidecontactlengthsofthebeam,acriterionisestablishedtodeterminewhethertheconcentratedloadisinsideoroutsidethecontactzone.Amoregeneralapproachonthetensionlesscontactofabeamisthuspresented.
简介:FieldexperimentswereconductedontotalloadtransportintheChelichayRiverBasin,amountainouscatchment(1,400km~2)locatedinnortheasternofIran,toevaluatetotalloadformulasincludingfourgravelbedriversandasandbedriver(QaresooRiver).GravelbedriversinChelichayRiverBasincanbegroupedintotwotypes;steepsloperiverswithhighshearvalues(ChehelchayRiverandKhormalooRiver)andmildsloperiverswithlowshearvalues(NarmabRiverandSoosaraRiver).Twodepthintegratingsuspendedloadsamplers(DH-48andD-49),andtwobedloadsamplers(Helley-SmithandBLSH)wereusedtomeasuretotalload.Theperformanceistestedof8totalloadtransportformulaeincluding4macroscopicand4microscopicmethods.Asystematicandthoroughanalysisof59setsofdatacollectedfromsandbedriverindicatethatYangandEngelundandHansenreachtothebetterresults,andfromfourgravelbedriversconfirmedthatthemethodsofKarimandKennedyandEngelundandHansenyieldsthebestresultsforsteepsloperivers,andthemethodsofEinsteinandBijkerarerankedhighestingradualsloperivers.
简介:Thispaperdealswiththedesignofanoutputfeedbackpredictivecontrollerforinductionmotors.Thefundamentalinterestoftheproposedcontrolleristhecapabilityofdecouplingthemechanicalspeedandtherotorfluxes,withoutdegradationagainstthevariationofrotorresistanceandloadtorque.Hence,thecontributionistoapplytwoestimationproceduresinordertoachievethisgoal.Namely,anunknowninputobserver(UIO)isusedfortheconstanttimeestimationwhereasaheuristicsolutionisexploitedfortheloadtorqueupdate.Moreover,rotorfluxcomponentsarerecoveredasanunavailablestateofthesystem.Effectivenessoftheproposedobserversandtheperformanceofthecontrollerareconfirmedbysimulationresults.