简介：Defectsinkinematicjointscansometimeshighlyinfluencethesimulationresponseofthewholemultibodysystemwithinwhichthesejointsareincluded.Forinstance,theclearance,thefriction,thelubricationandtheflexibilityaffectthetransientbehaviour,reducethecomponentlifeandproducenoiseandvibrationforclassicaljointssuchasprismatics,cylindricsoruniversaljoints.Inthiswork,anew3Dcylindricaljointmodelwhichaccountsfortheclearance,themisalignmentandthefrictionispresented.Thisformulationhasbeenusedtorepresentthelinkbetweentheplanetgearsandtheplanetcarrierinanautomotivedifferentialmodel.

简介：Cold-rolledhighstrengthsteelsheetsforautomobilescontainmoreMnandSibasedalloyelements,which,underthereducingatmosphereintheannealingfurnace,willgetenrichedonthestripsurface.Sincethefurnacerollersandthestripscontactfrequently,alloyelementsontherollersurfacewillformhardprotuberance.Wecallthisprotuberance"pick-up".Inaddition,withtheincreaseoftheamountofdustinthefurnaceatmosphere,theoccurrenceoffurnacerollerpick-upwillalsoincrease.Throughchemicalreactionandphysicalaccumulationanalysiscombinedwithpracticalexperience,thecausesofpick-upindifferentfurnacesectionswereanalyzed.Methodsofpreventingfurnacerollerpick-upinthehighstrengthsteelsheetprocessinglinewerediscussedandsolutionstoimprovingthestripsurfacequalityinthecontinousannealingfurnacewereprovided.