简介：喷雾器光性质被模仿用光谱为喷雾器种类(SPRINTARS)的放射运输模型结合了非静水力学的ICosahedral大气的模型(NICAM)。3年的全球吝啬的所有天空喷雾器在550nm的光厚度(AOT)，?ngstr?m代表(AE)分别地在0.123，0.657和0.944点基于在440和870nm，和在550nm的单个散布反照率(SSA)的AOT被估计。为每喷雾器种，吝啬的AOT在AeroCom模型的范围以内。建模的所有天空和清楚天空的结果与从中等分辨率成像分光辐射函数(MODIS)和喷雾器机器的网络(AERONET)的观察相比。所有天空AOT的模仿的空间与时间的分布能通常复制MODIS检索，和关联和模型技巧能稍微在大多数陆地区域上用清楚天空的结果被改进。之间的差别清楚天空并且所有天空AOT在弄脏的区域上是更大的。与从AERONET的观察相比，建模并且观察的所有天空AOT和AE通常在合理同意，而SSA变化很好没被捕获。尽管所有天空和清楚天空的结果的空间与时间的分布是类似的，清楚天空的结果更好通常与观察被相关。清楚天空的AOT和SSA比所有天空结果的通常低，特别在喷雾器化学药品作文主要被硫酸盐喷雾器贡献的那些区域。建模的清楚天空的AE比在吸水的喷雾器统治的那些区域上的所有天空AE大，当反面在恐水病的喷雾器统治的区域上被发现时。

简介：Inrecentyears,Asiabecametheregionwiththehighestincreaseinrateofurbanizationandeconomicdevelopmentintheworld.AccordingtorecentestimatesfromtheUnitedNations,theworldpopulationwillincrease36%between2000and2030,leadingtoadoublingofthenumberofurbandwellersinlessdevelopedregions,likeAsia.Suchrapideconomicdevelopmenthasmanyassociatedenvironmentalproblems,includingdevelopmentofheavyaerosolpollutionoverAsia.Aerosolparticleshaveadirectradiativeforcingeffectonclimatebecausetheyscatterandabsorbsolarandinfrared

简介：Weconductedmeasurementsofblackcarbon（BC）aerosolinJiaxing,ChinaduringautumnfromSeptember26toNovember30,2013.WeinvestigatedtemporalanddiurnalvariationsofBC,anditscorrelationswithmeteorologicalparametersandothermajorpollutants.ResultsshowedthathourlymassconcentrationsofBCrangedfrom0.2to22.0μg/m3,withanaverageof5.1μg/m3.ThediurnaivariationofBCexhibitedabimodaldistribution,withpeaksat07:00and18:00.Themorningpeakwaslargerthantheeveningpeak.ThemasspercentagesofBCinPM2.5andPM10were7.1%and4.8%,respectively.TheabsorptioncoefficientofBCwascalculatedtobe44.4Mm-1,whichaccountedfor11.1%ofthetotalaerosolextinction.BCwasmainlyemittedfromlocalsourcesinsouthwesternJiaxingwhereBCconcentrationsweregenerallygreaterthan11μg/m3duringthemeasurementperiod.CorrelationanalysisindicatedthatthemainsourcesofBCweremotorvehicleexhaust,anddomesticandindustrialcombustion.

简介：从长江盆的沉积分泌物在最近的年里有一个逐步的减少趋势。扣押三座峡水库加重了这个减少的趋势并且通过传播效果在长江河口影响了推迟的沉积集中(SSC)的变化。长江河口的SSC数据在19592012期间显示出那：(1)在南方的SSC在河口并且在长江分叉近海海区域显示了减少的趋势并且向海少些减少了。同时，在在SSC和沉积分泌物之间的减少的大小的差别向海变得更大。(2)为北方布朗奇，优先的流动没很变化，但是SSC趋于减少，它被SSC的减少主要在南方布朗奇和中国东方海引起。(3)由于减少的流量和相对加强的潮，在在20032012的浅节移动了的酒吧中的SSC的山峰区域为在19842002与那相比联合起来的大约1/6经度里面，并且里面动人的距离在洪水季节的顺序>年度一般水准>旱季。(4)在南方经过的入口，因为增加由暂停引起了，岸沟交换是，SSC主要减少了不到减少在盆和海区域由锋利的SSC减少引起了。颠倒在中间的节是真的，在SSC显示出一个增加的趋势的地方。(5)在北方经过的入口在减少的流动裂口和沉积裂口比率的联合影响下面，在盆和海区域和暂停的减少的数量的减少的SSC，SSC显示了一个减少的趋势。在中间的节，因为增加的数量由沉积引起了，温习塘是多于减少的数量由外部环境引起了，显著地，SSC趋于增加。整体地，在沉积分泌物的锋利的减少在长江河口引起了同步SSC减少。但是在SSC从盆在沉积分泌物在对锋利的减少的SSC的反应显示了增加的趋势，显示的synchronicity和差别的地方，仍然有区域。

简介：VariationsinGuangzhou’saerosolopticalcharacteristicsandtheirpossiblecausesarestudiedagainstthelarge-scalebackgroundofSouthChinaSeasummermonsoons(SCSSM)usingaerosoldataderivedfromPanyuAtmosphericCompositionWatchStationinGuangzhouandtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction/NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(USA).Thedataisreanalyzedtodevelopacompositeanalysisandperformphysicaldiagnoses.AnalysisoftheresultsshowsthataerosolextinctioninGuangzhoufirstincreasesthendecreasesduringtheactiveperiodofaSCSSM,withvariationsinthestratificationoftheplanetaryboundarylayer(PBL)andenvironmentalwindsplayingimportantrolesinaffectingGuangzhou’saerosolopticalcharacteristics.RegionaldiabaticheatingandanomalouscycloniccirculationsexcitedbymonsoonconvectioninduceenvironmentalwindanomaliesthatsignificantlymodifythestratificationofthePBL.

简介：Inthisstudy,one-dimensionaltitaniananotubes(TNTs)weresynthesizedusingacombinedprocessofchemicalandhydrothermaltreatments,andtheiractivitiesforthephotocatalyticreactionsofselectedgaseouspollutantsatsub-ppmlevelsweredetermined.Additionally,thepropertiesoftheTNTswereexaminedusingselectedspectroscopicmethods.TheannealedTNTsshowedhigherphotocatalyticactivitiesforthefourtargetcompoundsthandidtheunannealedTNTs.Forallthetargetcompoundsexceptbenzene,theeffectoftheannealingtemperatureonthedegradationefficiencywasdifficulttodeterminebecausealldegradationefficiencieswereveryhigh.However,forbenzene,whichdecomposedwithalowefficiency,thedegradationactivitiesoftheTNTsincreasedasthetreatmenttemperaturewasincreasedfrom250to300℃,whiletheydecreasedslightlywhenthetemperaturewasincreasedfrom300to400℃.ThesefindingsconfirmthepresenceofanoptimalannealingtemperatureforthesynthesisofTNTs.Moreover,theaveragedegradationextentsforbenzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,ando-xylenedecreasedfrom92%,96%,99%,and98%to77%,86%,92%,and94%,respectively,astheairstreamflowrateincreasedwithintherangeof1-4L/min.Theaveragedegradationextentsdecreasedfrom12%,75%,87%,and88%to3%,29%,46%,and51%,respectively,astheinputconcentrationincreasedfrom0.4to1.9ppm.Overall,thesefindingssuggestthatone-dimensionalTNTscanbeeffectivelyutilizedforthedegradationofgaseouspollutantsunderoptimaloperationalconditions.

简介：氨(NH3)挥发在土壤headspace是在碱的土壤，和NH3集中的氮损失的重要小径之一直接与NH3挥发被连接。氨被Fourier变换描绘中间红外线的photoacoustic光谱学(FTIR舞步)和在8501200厘米1的区域的二个典型吸收乐队被观察，它能在土壤headspace被用于NH3集中的预言。从诺思中国的碱的土壤在三个授精处理(没有N输入(CK)的控制，脲和涂的脲)下面涉及土壤孵化，壶和地实验。在土壤headspace的氨集中在每个实验被决定。在土壤孵化实验，NH3排出物被N输入开始，在白天2上到达了最高的集中，并且减少了到在在8d以后的CK测量了的水平，与在与涂的脲处理相比的脲处理的显著地更高的NH3排出物，特别在开始的4d期间。在壶实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中在孵化实验作为那显示出类似的动力学；然而，在在地实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中孵化和壶实验与那些表明了一个显著地不同的排放模式，并且为NH3集中有4-d延期。因此，在孵化的NH3集中和壶实验不能直接被用来象土壤温度和土壤骚乱一样在授精方法和申请率由于差别在这块地里为真实NH3排放建模。在控制版本的授精和参与以后在第二个星期内点亮灌溉，这被推荐涂的脲能被用来显著地减少从NH3挥发的观点的N损失。

简介：由有固有的技巧此处，在房间膜上与高度选择的离子隧道和泵在液体从盐内容产生可观的bioelectricity的生物系统启发了一只充分不能生活的、单个杯子圆锥形的nanopores收获精力被表明。圆锥形的nanopores被显示出被取决于离子散开的方向的电解质集中坡度控制的否定地控告的玻璃里的离子当前的校正(ICR)。ICR的度与向前增加被提高集中差别。当集中坡度相对地被使用时，不平常的校正倒置被观察。有单个nanopore的最大的力量产量接近104 pW。这个灵巧、成本效率的收获精力的系统有潜力驱动干净精力的恢复种的微小的生物医学的设备或构造未来。

简介：Er3+/Yb3+codopedzincateBaGd2ZnO5phosphorsweresynthesizedviaatraditionalsolidstatereaction.ThecrystalstructureandphasepuritywerecheckedbymeansofX-raydiffraction(XRD),andtheresultsshowedthatpurephaseBaGd2ZnO5phosphorswithvariousEr3+,Yb3+concentrationswereobtained.TheinfluenceofEr3+andYb3+dopingconcentrationsonthegreenandredupconversionemissionswasstudied.Itwasfoundthatbothgreenandredupconversionemissionsunder980nmexcitationweretwo-photonprocessesindependentfromtherareearthdopingconcentrations.However,theupconversionluminescenceintensitiesgreatlydependedontherareearthdopingconcentration.Furthermore,thepopulationprocessesofupconversionluminescenceandthequenchingmechanismswereanalyzed.Thetemperature-dependentgreenupconversionluminescencewasstudied,andthetemperaturequenchingprocessoftwogreenupconversionemissionswasmodeled.Thethermalquenchingprocessesofthegreenupconversionemissionscouldbewellexplainedbythemodelweproposed.

简介：Intrinsiccarrierconcentration（ni）isoneofthemostimportantphysicalparametersforunderstandingthephysicsofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialsaswellasforevaluatingtheelectricalpropertiesofSi-basedstraineddevices.Uptonow,thereportonquantitativeresultsofintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialshasbeenstilllacking.Inthispaper,byanalyzingthebandstructureofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterials,boththeeffectivedensitiesofthestatenearthetopofvalencebandandthebottomofconductionband（NcandNv）at218,330and393KandtheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationrelatedtoGefraction（x）at300KweresystematicallystudiedwithintheframeworkofKPtheoryandsemiconductorphysics.ItisfoundthattheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSi（001）andSi1-xGex（001）and（101）materialsat300KincreasessignificantlywithincreasingGefraction（x）,whichprovidesvaluablereferencestounderstandtheSibasedstraineddevicephysicsanddesign.