简介:区域良性水循环的核心内容是节水、雨水利用和中水回用(包括污水处理)的集成应用,开源节流相结合,通过水的循环利用,提高用水效率,争取达到零排放的目标.本文在区域良性水循环理论研究的基础上,选择北京市怀柔应急水源地进行示范,完成了节水、办公楼及路面的雨水收集和利用系统,中水处理及回用系统,绿地灌溉系统的集成应用,提出了小区域水资源高效利用、零排放的良性循环模式.在示范区内,下雨时路面不产生积水,生活污水被全部处理和应用,绿地灌溉均采用处理后的水,植物长势良好,充分体现了水在小区域的良性循环,该模式对整个北京市的大区域良性水循环的建立具有一定的借鉴和示范作用.
简介:为了解寒区湿地实际蒸散发(ETa)过程,有效利用水资源,基于哈尔滨金河湾湿地2015年8月-2016年7月涡度相关系统通量观测数据,分析了不同时间尺度下ETa变化规律及影响因素.研究期间年ETa为660mm,日最高值达8.1mm/d,夏季(3.4mm/d)最高,春季(2.3mm/d)、秋季(1.4mm/d)次之,冬季(0.1mm/d)偏低且变化平稳.5月生长期作物系数(Kc)由0.95增加到1.18左右,6月-8月中旬稳定期犓犮在1.05-1.18之间,8月下旬-9月枯萎期Kc由1.05减小到0.85左右.影响ETa的主要气象因素为净辐射和饱和水汽压差.不同时间尺度下ETa与气象因子相关性略有不同:净辐射和水汽压差与ETa的相关性在两个尺度上均很显著,但30min尺度净辐射与ETa的相关性更高.温度与ETa的相关性在两个尺度上基本一致,高温促进ETa蒸散发而低温抑制ETa蒸散发.日尺度上空气湿度与ETa在秋、冬季相关性明显,30min尺度上春、冬季相关性明显.风速与ETa仅在30min尺度上夏、秋季有一定的相关性.
简介:Inthispaper,perturbationmethodandFourier-cosine-expansionmethodareusedtosolvea3-DnonlinearproblemofasupercavitatingflowinaninclinedfieldofgravityatlargeFroudenumbers.Byexpandingthevelocitypotentialintoapowerseriesofasmallparameter,theoriginal3-Dnonlinearproblemisreducedtoanumberof2-Dones.Thesolutionsofthefirstthreeordersarederivedindetailandexpressedintermsofthecompleteellipticintegralsofthefirstandsecondkinds.Thentheboundaryintegralequationmethodisappliedtogetthenumericalsolutionsforeachorder.Computationalresultsareprovidedforsupercavitatingflowspastconesundervariousflowconditions.
简介:Inthepresenceofbottomwater,adropinthereservoirpressureduetofluidproductioncausestheaquiferwatertoexpandandtoflowintothereservoir.Therefore,hydrocarbonproductionfromawellislimitedbythecriticalflowrate.Themainpurposeofthisstudyistoinvestigatethebreakthroughtimeandthecriticalratebyusinganovel3-Dhorizontalwellmodel.Basedonthehypothesisthatthehorizontalwellislocatedinanypositionofacircularreservoirwithno-flowboundaryonthetopofthereservoirandconstantpressureboundaryatthebottom,thehorizontalwellhasbeenregardedasaninfiniteconductivitylinesinkandthena3-Dsteady-stateflowmodelofthehorizontalwellissetup.ApointsinkpressuresolutioncanbeobtainedwiththeFouriertransform.Theresultofthepressuredistributionoftheuniformfluxhorizontalwellcanbepresentedbymeansoftheprincipleofsuperposition.Accordingtothestablewatercrestingtheory,thisstudyconfirmsthestableheightofwatercrestingandthecriticalrate.Meanwhile,itcanre-confirmthebreakthroughtimeataspecificrate.Theoutputofacomparisonbetweenthis3-Dmodelandthereservoirnumericalsimulator(Eclipse)showsthemethodpresentedherecanbeappliedtoinvestigatethebehaviorofawatercrestingandtopredictthebreakthroughtimeatthebottomwaterdriverreservoir.
简介:Inthisarticle,theanaglyphvideomakerisemployedforgeneratingrealistic3-DflowsandthesoftwareFlowAnimatorisdevelopedusingthattechnology.BasedonMicrosoftWindowsPresentationFoundation(WPF),thereal3-Dsceneissetupandmarkerparticlesaredistributedinitrandomlyinordertocreateamorenaturalflowscenario.ThetrajectoryoftheparticlemotioniscalculatedwithLagrangiandescriptionin3-Dspace.Duringthesimulation,theviewportcanbechangedinordertofocusondifferentpartsofthemodelbypanning,zooming,rotatingandinclinationvariationetc.Markerparticlesmayappearindifferentshapes:spheres,tracking-balls,cylindersandribbonsinordertofitdifferentflows.Itisthefirsttimethatthevideoanaglyphtechnologyisemployedinthe3-Dhydrodynamicsimulation,whichremovestheobstaclesfor3-Dscenestoberenderedonaflat-paneldisplay.