简介：ByapplyinganewvortexdetectionmethodtotheECMWF40-yrreanalysis(ERA40)datafrom1985to2002,theclimatologyofsummervorticeshasbeeninvestigatedinfivesubtropicalregions,i.e.,thenorthwesternPacific,northeasternPacific,northwesternAtlantic,northeasternAtlantic,andAustralia-SouthPacific,followedbyvalidationwithNCEP/NCARreanalysisdata.Resultsareasfollows:(1)ThespatialdistributionsofERA40vortexactivities(VAC)werewellconsistentwiththoseofNCEP/NCARreanalysis(NRA)resultsinallregions,especiallyinnorthwesternPacific.(2)Becauseofdifferentmodelresolutions,boththenumberandintensityofvorticesobtainedfromNRAweresignificantlyweakerthanERA40's.(3)Vorticesmainlycruisedincoastsandtheadjacentseas,fromwheretothelandortheopenseavortexactivitiesweregraduallydecreased.(4)ThereweretwoactivecentersinthenorthwesternPacific:onewaslocatedinSouthChinaSeaandtheother,asthelargestcenterofthefiveregions,spreadfromtheeastsideofthePhilippinestoJapan.(5)OverthenorthwesternAtlantic,mostvorticesoccurredinPanamaanditswest-sideoffshore.(6)ThespatialdistributionsofvorticeswerealikebetweenthenortheasternPacificandnortheasternAtlantic,bothspreadingfromcoaststothewest-sideseaat5°-20°N.(7)IntheAustralia-SouthPacific,vorticeswerenotasactiveasthoseintheotherfourregions,andmostlytookplaceintheequator-sideofnearoceanareas.(8)ExceptthenorthwesternPacificandnorthwesternAtlantic,theVACinterannualvariationsintheotherthreeregionsweredifferentbetweenERA40andNRAdata.(9)InthenorthwesternPacificandnorthwesternAtlantic,theVACinterannualvariationcouldbeseparatedtoseveraldistinctstages.(10)Sincethemid1980s,meanvortexintensitywasgettingincreasedinthenorthwesternPacific,whichwasmostsignificantinthesubtropicalareasonaglobalbasis.InthewesternNorthAtlantic,therewasadecreasing(increasing)trendofthemeanvortexintensitybefo

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简介：TheequatorialresponsetosubtropicalPacificforcingwasstudiedinacoupledclimatemodel.Theforcingsinthewestern,centralandeasternsubtropicalPacificallcausedasignificantresponseintheequatorialthermocline,withcomparablemagnitudes.Thisworkhighlightsthekeyroleofair–seacouplinginthesubtropicalimpactontheequatorialthermocline,insteadofonlytheroleofthe"oceanictunnel".Thesuggestedmechanismisthatthecyclonic(anticyclonic)circulationintheatmospherecausedbythesubtropicalsurfacewarming(cooling)cangenerateananomalousupwelling(downwelling)intheinteriorregion.Atthesametime,ananomalousdownwelling(upwelling)occursattheequatorwardflankoftheforcing,whichproducesanomalousthermoclinewarming(cooling),propagatingequatorwardandresultinginwarming(cooling)intheequatorialthermocline.Thisisanindirectprocessthatismuchfasterthanthe"oceanictunnel"mechanisminthesubtropicalimpactontheequator.

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简介：干燥冷却的联合使用(DC)系统和奉献通风(DV)到decouple为精力效率冷却和除去湿气过程的系统为象香港一样的副热带的气候被建议。在这研究，DCDV系统的使用的精力性能和冷凝作用风险被在香港在一座典型办公大楼分析它的应用程序检验。通过用实际设备性能数据和现实主义的大楼和系统特征的hour-by-hour模拟，与DCDV系统的使用，年度精力消费能被54%与常规系统比较减少，这被发现(经常的空气体积与再热系统)。关于冷凝作用风险，DC卷上的冷凝作用的出现的年度频率是35h，这被发现。另外的模拟被进行在DCDV系统的冷凝作用风险上检验不同参数的影响。保证的措施在DC上没有冷凝物卷也被讨论。

简介：Theoccurrenceofnitri?cationinsomeacidicforestsoilsisstillasubjectofdebate.Identi?cationofmainnitri?cationpathwaysinacidicforestsoilsisstilllargelyunknown.Acidicyellowsoil（Oxisol）sampleswereselectedtotestwhethernitri?cationcanoccurornotinacidicsubtropicalpineforestecosystems.Relativecontributionsofautotrophsandheterotrophstonitri?cationwerestudiedbyaddingselectivenitri?cationinhibitornitrapyrin.SoilNH+4-Nconcentrationsdecreased,butNO-3-Nconcentrationsincreasedsigni?cantlyfortheno-nitrapyrincontrolduringthe?rstweekofincubation,indicatingthatnitri?cationdidoccurintheacidicsubtropicalsoil.Thecalculatednetnitri?cationratewas0.49mgNkg-1d-1fortheno-nitrapyrincontrolduringthe?rstweekofincubation.Nitrapyrinamendmentresultedinasigni?cantreductionofNO-3-Nconcentration.Autotrophicnitri?cationrateaveraged0.28mgNkg-1d-1andtheheterotrophicnitri?cationratewas0.21mgNkg-1d-1inthe?rstweek.Ammonia-oxidizingbacteria（AOB）abundanceincreasedslightlyduringincubation,butnitrapyrinamendmentsigni?cantlydecreasedAOBamoAgenecopynumbersbyabout80%.However,theammonia-oxidizingarchaea（AOA）abundanceshowedsigni?cantincreasesonlyinthelast2weeksofincubationanditwasalsodecreasedbynitrapyrinamendment.Ourresultsindicatedthatnitri?cationdidoccurinthepresentacidicsubtropicalpineforestsoil,andautotrophicnitri?cationwasthemainnitri?cationpathway.BothAOAandAOBweretheactivebioticagentsresponsibleforautotrophicnitri?cationintheacidicsubtropicalpineforestsoil.

简介：在为1971-的中国的使用的每日的NCEP/NCAR分析数据集和观察降雨数据2000时期，一个副热带的夏天季风索引被全部的空气列的南方的潮湿运输定义。副热带的夏天季风索引由在华南和诺思中国之间的南方的潮湿运输的差别定义的结果表演能被用来描述副热带的夏天季风的紧张。高(低)索引相应于强壮(弱)副热带的夏天季风。并且新索引与在长江的中间、更低的活动范围上的夏天降雨有关好。另外，从经由从北方中国的华南海和那的西方太平洋的潮湿运输的集中可能为在长江的中间、更低的活动范围上的反常地过多的夏天降雨负责。

简介：东方Asiansubtropical西的喷气(EAWJ)和热机制的紧张和地点的季节变异被从1961～2000使用NCEP/NCARmonthlyreanalysis数据分析。EAWJ的季节变异集中，这被发现不仅有重要南方的移植，而且显示出快速的带的排水量duringJune7月。而且，在那里存在带的矛盾在向北方转移EAWJaxis的过程。EAWJ季节变异的热机制上的分析显示EAWJ季节变异的年度周期与气温的南方的差别的结构匹配很好，建议EAWJ季节变异是仔细与由于太阳辐射和陆地海的不同类的加热有关热对比。Throughinvestigating在EAWJ和热运输之间的关系，这被揭示EAWJweakens和移动向北方在到夏日的从冬的温暖的时期期间，而theEAWJ加强并且变在到冬的从夏日的冷却时期期间向南方。水平热移流运输的Themeridional差别是决定南方的温度差别的主要因素。EAWJ的南方的移动跟随水平热移流运输的最大的南方的坡度的地点。在从Aprilto10月的时期期间，加热的diabatic在EAWJcenter的带的排水量起主角。西藏的高原加热到中间上面的对流层的diabatic在6月7月期间导致EAWJ中心的快速的带的排水量。

简介：有由于季风系统的复杂性在中国预言植被回答到东方亚洲季风(电动会计记帐机)可变性的简单方法的缺乏。在这研究，我们发现了变化西方的和平的副热带的高度(WPSH)是EAM的主要部件之一，在中国在植被生长上有深刻影响。当WPSH更被定位到它的气候一般水准的西方时，东方、西北的部分分别地由0.3%-2.2%，和0.2%-2.2%经历增加的每年一般水准的规范的差别植被索引(NDVI)和粗野主要生产率(GPP)。相反，当WPSH更被定位到它的气候的东方时，平均，上述区域分别地在0.4%～1.6%，和1.3%～4.5%经历减少的每年一般水准的NDVI和GPP。WPSH用作一个主要发行量索引预言植被的反应到季风。

简介：贫毛类环虫在在benthic食物网以及在红树属植物沼泽地的滋养的骑车和精力流动起一个重要作用。然而，他们一直不是当广泛地作为象polychaetes，腹足动物，瓣鳃类，和甲壳纲的动物那样的另外的macrofaunal组学习了。在假设下面，那贫毛类环虫密度和生物资源在中国的副热带的红树属植物沼泽地服从特定的地理分发模式，我们在Quanzhou海湾，Zhangjiang河口和Gaoqiao红树属植物的Luoyang河口调查了这二个参数沼泽地。在贫毛类环虫密度的一个地理坡度在Aegicerascorniculatum和Kandeliaobovata产地是在场的，它由此从更低的纬度减少了到更高的纬度。进一步，贫毛类环虫分发上的ANOVA测试表明贫毛类环虫密度和生物资源被区域，季节和区域显著地影响吗？

简介：Firedisasteristheprimaryoneofthefactsofdeforestation.Althoughinrecentyearsthelevelofforestmanagementandtechniqueforfiresuppressionhavebeenimprovingandfirefightingforcehasbeenstrengthened,theareaoffirehasnotbeendecreasedobviously.Usingbiologicalfireresistanttechniquecaneffectivelypreventthecampaignfire.Inthispaper,fireresistantabilityandcomponentabout12treespecies,inmountainareaofDaguishan,GuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,havebeen...

简介：TheNCEP/NCARreanalysisdatasetsandClimatePredictionCenter(CPC)MergedAnalysisofPrecipitation(CMAP)raindataareusedtoinvestigatethelargescaleseasonaltransitionofEastAsiansubtropicalmonsoon(EASM)anditspossiblemechanism.ThekeyregionofEASMisdefinedaccordingtotheseasonaltransitionfeatureofmeridionalwind.Bycombiningthe’thermalwind’formulaandthe’thermaladaptation’equation,anew’thermal-wind-precipitation’relationisdeduced.Theareameanwinddirectionsandthermaladvectionsindifferentseasonsareanalyzedanditisshownthatinsummer(winter)monsoonperiod,theaveragedwinddirectionintheEASMregionvariesclockwise(anticlockwise)withaltitude,andtheEASMregionisdominatedbywarm(cold)advection.TheseasonaltransitionofthewinddirectionatdifferentlevelsandthecorrespondingmeridionalcirculationconsistentlyindicatesthatthesubtropicalsummermonsoonisestablishedbetweentheendofMarchandthebeginningofApril.Finally,aconceptualschematicexplanationforthemechanismofseasonaltransitionofEASMisproposed.

简介：用NCEP/NCAR每日的分析数据和SCSMEX数据，调查从在向西和平的副热带的高度(WPSH)并且基于完全的垂直涡度方程的在1998年6月的明显的加热的位置变化之间的关系被带。Itis发现非断热的加热与气候的吝啬的地位在WPSH.In比较的位置变化起一个重要作用，非断热的加热的垂直变化在在1998年6月的WPSH的北方方面是更强壮的，但是在WPSH的南方方面更弱。加热的anomalousnon制服在印度支那Peninsulaand华南海区域在华南，到theYangtze和它的中间降低山谷的南方的区域，而是异常逆旋风的涡度导致异常气旋的涡度比平均数导致WPSH的更向南方的位置。

简介：在1993/1994的夏天在西藏的高原和NCEP/NCAR分析数据，在东方西藏的高原降雨之间的关系和向西和平的副热带的高度的southward/northward移动上基于平淡的降雨数据被学习。结果显示出那：向西和平的副热带的高度反常地被定位到更南部的纬度，高山脉主要是在它的过程的伪双周刊southward/northward摆动向北方在1993从5月变到8月；但是它反常地被定位到更北的纬度，高山脉显然是在它的过程的30-60-daysouthward/northward摆动向北方在1994从5月变到8月。同时，东方西藏的高原降雨active/break的变化有高山脉southward/northward摆动的类似的特征，这被发现。因此，在夏天的向西和平的副热带的高度的southward/northward移动可能与东方西藏的高原降雨active/break的变化有关。[出版摘要]

简介：Bystatisticanddynamicanalyses,wehavecometothefollowingconclusions:(1)TheECMWFmedium-termnumericalforecastcanforecastmedium-termactivityofsubtropicalhigh,andtheaccuracyrateofforecastcannothavelargeimprovementbytranslationalcorrections.(2)TheimportantcausefortheECMWFmedium-termnumericalforecasttohaveerrorsin1998isthattheastronomicaltideisnotincludedinthemodel.(3)TwoindexesarefoundfromwhichitcanbejudgedthatECMWFmedium-termnumericalforecastwillhaveerrorsiftheastronomicaltideisignoredinthemodel:①Whenthe54.7°lineunderthemoonofthenodicalmonthastronomicalsingularitiescoincideswiththetrough-lineofthesubtropicaljetflowfrom50°Eto150°Eonthe500hPalevelat2000L.T.ofthesameday,andisapproximatelyvertical(α>60°)withtheisotherm,thentheday0-2daysaftertheappearanceofthenodicalmonthastronomicalsingularitiesisdefinedastheinitialday.Theninthreesuccessivedaysaftertheinitialday,ECMWFmedium-termnumericalforecastofthenorthernlatitudeofthe588lineat120°Ewillhavecontinuouserrorsaslargeastwolatitudes(7/9).Otherwise,itwon'thavecontinuouserrors(13/13).②Otherwise,ifthe54.7°lineisintherangeofalowpressurebetweentwohighpressures,thenthereisadispersiveerroronthedayofthenodicalmonthastronomicalsingularities(5/7).Thereisnotanyerror(6/6)otherwise.

简介：Thereareabout1.27millionhaofuplandredsoilsderivedfromQuaternaryredclayfacingthedegradationinthelow-hillyregionofthemiddlesubtropicalChina.Fromtheaspectsofchemistry,physicsandmicrobiology,theprocessesofsoilfertilityrestorationinthesurfacelayer(0-20cm)underthreetypesoflandusepatterns(i.e.citursorchard,teagardenandupland)intwoprovinceswerestudiedinthiswork.Resultsshowedthatthereclamationoferodedwastealdnimprovedmostofsoilproperties.Soilorganicmatter,totalNandP,availablePandK,andexchangeableCaandMgincreased,butsoiltotalKandexchangeableAldecreasedSoilpHdecreasedby0.5unitinthepureteaplantationfor20years.Soilreclamationincreasedthepercentageofsoilmicreasedby0.5unitinthepureteaplantationfor20years.Soilreclamationincreasedthepercentageofsoilmicroaggregates(<0.25mm),especiallythosewithadiameterof0.02-0.002mm.Soiltotalporosityincreasedinthecultivatedlandswiththeincreaseofsoilaerationandcapillaryporosity,Thenumberofsoilmicroorganismsincreasedwithreclamationcausedmainlybythehugeincreaseofthetotalamoutofbacteria,Withthecultivation,theeativityofsoilureaseandacidphosphataseincreased.butthatofinvertasedropped.

简介：在南方印度洋的年度subduction率被分析数据吸收(苏打)在19502008的时期输出的简单海洋计算。为潜在的密度班的subduction率普查在南方印度洋副热带的旋回的西南的部分显示出相应于印度洋副热带的模式水(IOSTMW)的一座山峰。混合层深度越深，在现在的气候学的混合层前面和联系相对更快的发行量越sharper导致了更大的侧面的正式就职，它首先dominantsIOSTMWsubduction率，当时与从垂直的抽的仅仅次要的贡献。没有概论的损失，通过在最小的垂直温度坡度(LMVTG)的层的水特征的小心的分析，作者建议IOSTMW作为thermostad被识别，与低潜在的涡度的侧面的最小(PV，吗不到200湯漠?敌????猯'T￣牯嘠污猼扵?????汁?桴獥??晲捡楴獮栠摡猠杩楮楦慣瑮愠瑣癩瑩?湡?瑳'L汩瑩?景攠畭獬晩捩瑡潩?湵敤?慶楲畯???牦浯??琠?㈱??琠浥数慲畴敲爠湡敧?牦浯㈠‰潴ㄠ?讬鶝??顟????醰??????颮鑈？？

简介：Inthispaper,usinganonlinearlow-orderbarotropicsystemwithorographyandmomentumforcingaswellasdissipation,wehavetheoreticallycalculatedthetwokindsofcurvesfortheseasonalnorthwardmovementofsubtropicalhighs.Ithasbeenshownthatthetheoreticalresultsresemblebasicallywiththeanalysedresultsofwavespectrumdata.

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简介：极端暴风雨在13172013年12月期间撞击了南部的中国，与破记录的每日的降雨率，大空间程度，和不平常地长的坚持。我们检验了什么导致了这重降雨进程，基于通过合成、诊断的方法的观察降雨数据和NCEP-NCAR分析数据。结果证明在副热带的西的喷气以内的Rossby波导引起了事件。Rossby波浪在东方地中海上从强壮的冷空气侵入发源进副热带的西的喷气。中东西的喷气与改进并且向北方变，宣传的Rossby波浪慢慢地东方并且加深了印度缅甸马槽，它从孟加拉和华南海的海湾把大量潮湿搬运了到南部的中国。在上面的对流层的强壮的分叉，由东方亚洲西的喷气的改进引起了，也在东南中国上赞成了重降雨过程。另外，Rossby波浪与negative-to-positive阶段移动和诺思大西洋摆动的改进被联系，但是在东方地中海的集中在副热带的西的喷气以内在Rossby波浪的东方繁殖起了关键作用。