简介：有在直径的30m和在高度的6m的大规模桶基础被用作风汽轮机的基础。宽浅的基础与有到直径的高度的高比率的传统的桶基础不同。新类型基础的cover-load-bearing模式能抵抗更多的外部装载。完成适用的模式，在桶内的泥泞土壤应该被增强，它将改进土壤力量并且转变为土壤和基础整个部分抵抗外部装载。增强方法的真空和电镀物品渗透的土壤在实验被使用。结果证明泥泞土壤的适用的行为被否定压力和电镀物品渗透的效果有效地改进，并且有更好的力量的改进泥泞土壤能和桶基础工作，意味着新桶基础的最高封面的适用模式被完成。在增强过程的土壤期间，基础向下移动了，即，基础的解决几乎在真空和电镀物品渗透的方法引起的预装的过程期间被完成。

简介：在土壤外壳开发的降雨事件运动的影响经由实验室实验和基于物理的水文学反应模拟被调查。流量和土壤水内容数据被分析以便在许多降水条件下面学习不同外壳的开发时期。当一个稳定的状态，能被雨点影响的一个扩大时期打破，被发现为外壳并且，随后存在时，结果证明显著地改变的外壳的形成玷污浸透的水力的电导率(K)和流量流量特征。在K的减少为下游动人的事件象86%一样高，并且72%为在上游动人的事件，说明降雨运动的方向比降雨紧张和持续时间在外壳形成上有更重要的影响。同样下游动人的降雨事件可以比那些移动有更大的效果在上游，在雨点影响前的一个depositional外壳的发展可以在决定最后的K价值起一个重要作用。

简介：一个新人工的边界模型基于多方向性的播送和粘滞春天的人工的边界理论被建议在动态分析专心于压力波浪一个浸透的土壤基础。后来砍波浪(S波浪)是在一个浸透的土壤基础和一个单相的中等基础的一样，为一个单相的中等基础的一个正切的粘弹性的边界条件能也被用于浸透的土壤基础。因此，人工的边界的目的在这建议纸主要是专心于P波浪的二种类型一个浸透的土壤基础。主要想法是在浸透的土壤基础的P波浪的压力被分解成二种类型。应力的第一种类型，ra，被第一条人工的边界吸收。应力的第二种类型，rb，被第二条人工的边界产生的压力平衡。最终，P波浪(fast-P-waves和slow-P-waves)的两种类型被在这份报纸建议的人工的边界模型吸收。特别地，注意fast-P-waves和slow-P-waves在第一条边界的位置被吸收。因此，此处建议的人工的边界模型能同时吸收P快的波浪，P慢的波浪并且砍波浪。最后，一个数字例子被给检查建议人工的边界模特儿，并且结果证明它是很精确的。

简介：

简介：Globalwarmingisoneofthehottestenvironmentproblems.OneofthereasonsisthesharpincreaseofCO2inatmosphere.Soilrespirationinforestecosystemsaccountsto60%-90%oftotalecosystemrespirationandisthereforeoneofthekeycomponentsoftheglobalCcycle.Thispapersummarizeddifferentresponsesofsoilrespirationtoforestmanagementmeasures,anddescribedtherelevantresearchesathomeandabroadontheeffectofmanagementmeasureslikeharvesting,forestfertilization,soilimproving(Liming),litterremoval,andprescribedburningonsoilrespiration.

简介：电子温度和电子数字密度是在血浆的描述的重要参数。在电子温度和土壤血浆的电子数字密度由激光产生了的这份报纸，脱离在不同分泌物电压与毫微秒分泌物火花结合了被学习了。Saha-Boltzmann阴谋并且空拓宽被用来决定温度和电子数字密度。本地热平衡在毫微秒火花被完成，这被证明提高的血浆。提高的光排放，到噪音比率的信号和以在不同火花电压的信号紧张的相对标准差的稳定性详细被调查。一个相对稳定的分泌物过程在带的试验性的配置下面与10kV分泌物电压的使用被观察。

简介：ThenitrogendepositionexperimentsonCinnamomumcamphoraplantationofHunanprovincialbotanicalgardenweresimulatedfromJunethe7thtoOctoberthe7th,2010,thenitrogendepositionlevelswasrespectivelyascontrol(CK,0g·m-2a-1),lownitrogen(LN,5g·m-2a-1),mediumnitrogen(MN,15g·m-2a-1)andhighnitrogen(HN,30g·m-2a-1).ThesoilrespirationspeedandsoilsurfacetemperatureandthesurfacewatercontentofthesoilweredeterminedbyLI-8100measuringinstrument.TheresultsshowthattheaveragevaluesofsoilrespirationspeedwereCK(4.09±0.66μmol·m-2s-1),LN(2.39±029μmol·m-2s-1),MN(2.18±0.19μmol·m-2s-1),HN(2.28±0.25μmol·m-2s-1),andthetreatmentoftheCKwasobviouslyhigherthantheotherthreetreatments（P<0.01）.Withdifferentnitrogenconcentrationsdepositiontreatments,theQ10（temperaturesensitivitycoefficients）forsoilrespirationofCK,LN,MNandHNtreatmentswere1.84,1.71,1.83and1.56.Itwaspositivecorrelationbetweentherespirationspeedandthesurface（≤10cm）temperatureoftestedsoil.Itwasnegativecorrelationbetweentherespirationspeedandthesurface（≤5cm）watercontentoftestedsoil（P>0.05）.Volumetricwatercontentof5-cmsoilwasbetween0.2666-0.2944(m3·m-3),andthemonthlycontentdidnotvarytoomuchduringtheresearchperiod（1.8%-9.4%）.ThefindingssuggestthattheinitialstageofnitrogendepositionobviouslyinfluencedthesoilrespirationofC.camphoraplantation.

简介：Reliablefielddataforallhydrologicparametersareoftenunavailableforwatershedsevenforthoseintensivelymonitored.Intheabsenceofreliablesuchdata,verifiedmathematicalrelationsforanareacanbeusedforotherareaswithsamehydrologicandclimaticregimes.Theobjectivesofthisresearchwere:1)toassessthetotalrunoffandsedimentloss,and2)todeveloprainfall,runoffandsoillossrelationsforfourprominentlanduses(includingdegraded,pasture,forestandagriculturelands)intheHilkotwatershed(Pakistan).Fourexperimentalnaturalrunoffplotswereestablishedonthelanduses(degraded,pasture,forestandagricultureland).ThefieldstudyanddatacollectionwereconductedintheHilkotwatershedfrom1999to2005.Regressionanalysiswasconductedtoestablishrelationsamongrainfall,runoffandsoillossforalllandusesusing.Regressionanalysisindicatedgoodcorrelationwithfielddata.

简介：为了学习terraced的影响，在一个分水岭的土壤侵蚀上回答建设和检查水坝siltation，我们包括terraced领域，斜坡农田，陡峭斜坡的草地，和水坝农田为黄土高原多山溪谷的区域造了一个简化分水岭模型，并且定义分水岭的三个状态(即，先驱，中介，和高潮阶段，分别地)。然后，在各种各样的阶段的分水岭土壤侵蚀moduli被使用一个修订通用土壤损失方程学习。我们的结果证明先驱和高潮阶段是分水岭soil-and-water保存和控制的极端状态；在先驱阶段，土壤侵蚀模量是299.56t牵?畢湲?潦敲瑳?潦?敲汣浡瑡潩?氠慥楤杮琠?桴?敤牣慥敳漠?牡潢?潰汬湥愠?‵慫??湩挠牯?牡慥?景琠敨夠湡獧慨?畣瑬牵吗？

简介：Fir(Abiesfaxoniana)distributeswidelyinthealpineandsubalpineregionofwesternSichuan.Tounderstandeffectsoffreeze-thaweventsonsoilmicrobialcommunity,microbialnumberwasinvestigatedmonthlyinafirforest,employingthemethodoflabfreeze/thawcyclesincombinationwithfieldsoilsampling.Bacterialandactinomycetenumberinsoildecreasedandfungalcountincreasedafteraseasonalfreeze-thawseasoncycle.Bacterialandfungalcountsincreasedwiththedecreasedaltitude,whileactinomycetecountdecreasedwiththedecreasedaltitude.Differentmicrobeshadvariouschangepatternswithaltitudeinhumuslayer(AL),illuviallayer(BL)andparentmateriallayer(CL).Comparedwiththe3582maltitude,bacterialcountintheALandCLatthe3298maltitudeincreased4.2%and7.0%,respectively,butthatintheBLdecreased0.6%.Meanwhile,bacterialcountincreased11.5%,3.5%and2.1%intheAL,BLandCLatthe3023maltitudeincomparisonwiththe3298maltitude,respectively.FungicountintheAL,BLandCLincreasedby10.5%,10.3%and16.4%atthe3298maltitudeincomparisonwith3582maltitude,respectively,whileitincreasedby2.4%,1.7%and3.5%atthe3023maltitudeincomparisonwith3298maltitude,respectively.ActinomycetecountintheALatthe3298maltitudeincreasedby0.7%thanthatatthe3582maltitude,butdecreased5.9%and13.9%intheBLandCL.IntheALandBL,itincreased5.2%and5.2%respectivelyatthe3023maltitudethanthatatthe3298maltitude,whileintheCLitdecreased12.4%.Theseresultswereinagreementwiththesimulationfreeze/thawcycleexperimentinlab.Theresultsalsorevealedthattheseasonalfreeze-thawcycleincreasedtheratioofsoilfungitobacteria.Theseresultsdemonstratedthatdifferentmicrobialgroupsrespondeddifferentiallytotheseasonalfreeze-thawcycle,whichmaybeanimportantecologicalmechanismformaintainingtheseasonalfrozenecosystem.

简介：Inthisarticle,alaboratory-builtexperimentalsystem-laser-inducedbreakdownspec-troscopy(LIBS),isusedtomeasuresoilsamples.Itexploreslandslidesbandsoiloffivetypicalland-slidesinXiangxi(香溪)RiverSectionoftheThreeGorgesReservoirarea,whichincludeBazimen(八字门)landslide,Baijiabao(白家堡)landslide,Jiajiadian(贾家店)landslide,Sixiangxi(泗乡溪)landslideandanunnamedlandslidethathasalreadyslipped.Soilsamplesofthefivelandslidesaretakenindif-ferentlatitudes,andinrelativelyconsistentaltitude.Throughexperimentalmeasurement,theauthorsgetspectrumofthosesoilsamples,andthendoqualitativeandquantitativeanalysesofelements(Mg,Si,K,Al,etc.)inthem.Theauthorsconcludethatmainmetalelementsinthesoilchangeaccordingtodifferentlongitudesandlatitudes,whichopensupanewwayofthinkingforthequantitativeanalysisofthefunctionofsoilandwater,andfortheestablishmentofrelationsbetweenchemicalenvironmentfactorsandsoilengineeringmechanicseffects.

简介：PermafrostdegradationisprevalentontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Thismayleadtochangesinwaterandheattransitioninsoilsandthusaffectthestructureandfunctionofecosystems.Inthispaper,usingthemeasureddataofalpinesteppeinWudaoliangassessedthemodelperformanceinsimulatingsoilfreezingandthawingprocesses.Comparisonofthesimulatedresultsbysimultaneousheatandwater(SHAW)modeltothemeasureddatashowedthatSHAWmodelperformedsatisfactorily.Basedonanalyzingthesimulatedandpredictedresults,twopointswereobtained:(1)freezingandthawingoftheactivelayerproceededbothfromthesoilsurfacedownward.Comparedwiththefreezingprocess,thethawingprocesswasslower.Thefreezingperiodpersistedinthesurfacelayer(4cmdepth)forabout5months;(2)inthenext50years,frozenperiodwouldbeshortenabout20daysinthetop100cmdepthwhilethethawingwouldstartearlier40daysthanpresent.Soilwaterstorageinthe0-60cmwoulddecreaseby22%averagely,especiallyfromJunetoAugustwhenthevegetationisatthedominatingwaterconsumedstage.Therefore,thiskindofpermafrostdegradationasactivelayerfreezingandthawingprocesseschangeswillreducesoilwatercontentandthusinfluencethoseecosystemsaboveit.

简介：在一座水库估计沉积免职的数量的一个传统的方法简单地基于在在不同时间做的举起大小的变化。在现在的学习，一个地文学的土壤侵蚀免职(PSED)模型被用于Tseng皮脂腺囊瘤水库分水岭计算分泌物和沉积集中进水库，和免职体积。PSED模型用三个暴风雨事件然后与在水库分水岭在水文学车站记录的历史性的数据相比被验证，它显示出在流动分泌物的模仿并且记录的价值之间的靠近的同意进水库和相应沉积收益。数字模拟也从1996～2001为所有降雨事件被进行在水库估计年度沉积免职体积。同样，模仿的结果与从剖面图举起测量获得了那相比。一些测量数据点有大无常或是可疑的，这被发现。相反，模型结果并且使模型变为可信的测量数据。因此，不管为流动的评价，进水库的分泌物由一个单个降雨事件，沉积收益，或沉积免职导致了，PSED模型成功地表明了它的能力。

简介：Microbialcommunityfunctionaldiversityisasensitiveindicatorofsoil.Forestfirescanchangemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Inthisresearch,thefiredsoilsampleswerecollectedfromHuzhongofDaxing’anlinginHeilongjiangProvince.ThefunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobialcommunitywasdetectedbyBIOLOGsystem.Theaveragewellcolordevelopment(AWCD)inBIOLOGplatesindicatedtheabilityofcarbonsubstrateutilizationofmicrobialcommunity.TheindicesofShannon,SimpsonandMcintoshwerecalculatedtoshowtherichness,dominanceandevennessofthefunctionaldiversity,andtheprincipalcomponentanalysisofsubstratereactionsreflectedthemaincarbonsourcesutilizedbymicrobialcommunity.TheresultsshowedthatallthesamplesexhibitedthereductionofAWCDduringthefirst144hoursofincubation,buttherewereobviousdifferencesinthereductiondegreeamongthesamples.Allkindsoffireintensitiescouldinfluencemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Thelowfireintensityincreasedtherichness(Shannon),dominance(Simpson)andevenness(Mcintosh)ofmicrobialcommunity.However,theintermediateandhighfireintensityreducedtheseparameters,suggestingthattheburnedsoilemittedgaseousnitrogen,anumberoforganiccarbonandavailablephosphorus,whichcausedthereductionofthemicroorganisminquantityandtype,andchangeinsoilingredients.Theorganicmaterialreducedintheburnedsoil,inthesametime,thepHvaluesrose,whichchangedenvironmentinwhichmicroorganismlives.Thechangedenvironmentmightnotbeconducivetoactivitiesofthemicroorganism.Theprincipalcomponentanalysisshowedthatthemaincarbonsourcesforsoilmicrobeswerecarbohydratesandaminoacidsandthecarbonsubstrateutilizationpatternsindifferentsamplesweresignificantdifferent.Theresultsindicatedthatfunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobeswerealteredbyforestfires,andtheabilityofmicrobestoutilizecarbonsourceandthetypeofcarbonsourceswereaffectedbydif

简介：ThecurrentresearchfocusesonsoilparticleseparateandtotalorganiccarbonandnitrogeninQuercusaquifolioidesforestinBalangshan,WolongNaturalReserve,Sichuan,andtheircorrelationattreealtitudinalgradient.Theresultshowsthat:ThesoilparticleseparateofQ.quifolioidesforestismainlyofsilts,andthesoiltextureismediumtexturedsoils;Thecontentsofsoiltotalorganiccarboncontentandnitrogencontentin0-15cmlayerarehigherthanthatin15-30cmlayerindifferentattitudegradients;thetotalorganiccarboncontentinthetopsoilshowsalow-high-lowtendencyatdifferentaltitudinalgradients,whereasthatofthesubsoilshowsagrowingtendency;TheC/NratioofQ.aquifolioidesforestisrelativelysmall,withanaverageof12.77;Thecorrelationanalysisbetweenthesoiltotalorganiccarbonandnitrogencontentandsoilparticleseparaterespectivelytellsus:contentsofsoilorganiccarbonisverysignificantlypositivelycorrelatedwithtotalnitrogeninthetwosoillayers(P<0.01)at3549m,nocorrelationat2551m;thecontentsoftotalorganiccarbonandnitrogenareverysignificantlypositivelyrespectiverespectivelywithcoarsesiltcontentin0-15cmand15-30cmsoillayers(P<0.05),butnegativelywithclayindifferentlayers(P<0.05)in0-15cmsoillayerat3549m,significantlypositively(P<0.05)andverysignificantlypositivelycorrelated(P<0.01)respectivelywithcoarsesiltcontentindifferentsoillayersat3091m,verysignificantlyandsignificantlypositivelycorrelatedrespectivelywithfinesandcontentindifferentsoillayersat2551m,butnegativelywithfinesiltcontentin15-30cmsoillayer.Finally,inthispapertheresultspresentedthatrelationshipsamongsoilparticleseparateandtotalorganiccarbonandnitrogencontentarequitecomplicationsinQ.aquifolioidesforestatdifferentaltitudinalgradient.

简介：从地下的管子的漏能导致被破坏并且引起损坏到邻近的基础结构的基础。包围漏的区域的土壤粒子能从由漏的液体的土壤矩阵被动员，代替，并且甚至洗了，产生虚空或洞。用acoupled的二维的模拟分离元素方法和格子Boltzmann方法(DEMLBM)被用来调查一个土壤床题目的行为到局部地注射的液体，它在一根管子中代表一条漏缝。内部粒子的表面精力的各种各样的价值也被采用为连贯的粒子的机械效果建模。结果建议内部粒子的表面精力极大地关于漏的液体影响床反应，包括开始洞，洞形状和它的进化率的过量压力。

简介：PastresearchershaveanticipatedtheoccurrenceofagreatearthquakeinthecentralHimalayasinthenearfuture.ThismaycauseseriousdamageintheKathmanduValley,whichsitsonanancientlakebedzone,withlacustrinesedimentsofmorethan500mdepth.Inthisstudy,thepredominantfrequencyofgroundmotionisevaluatedusingtheHorizontal-to-Vertical(H/V)spectralratiotechniqueandrecordingsofambientnoise.TheresultsoftheH/Vratioshowtwopeaksinabout20percentofthelocations,whicharedistributedmainlyinandaroundthecenterandnorthernpartoftheKathmanduValley.Thepredominantfrequenciesvaryfrom0.5Hzto8.9Hzinthestudyarea,whereasthesecondresonancefrequencyvariesfrom4Hzto6Hzinthecenterandnorthernpartofthevalley.Thisindicatesthatthecenterandnorthernpartofthevalleyhaveawiderangeofresonancefrequencyduetotwolevelsofimpedancecontrastonemaybefromthesurfacelayerandtheothermaybefromthelayerunderneath.ThesetwolevelsofresonanceindicatetheimportanceofconsideringtheeffectsofsurfaceandlowerlayersduringtheplanninganddesigningofinfrastructuresintheKathmanduValley.

简介：在内部蒙古的草地为土壤碳(C)隐遁探索最佳的陆地使用，我们在使遭到了到不同陆地使用类型的8个花地并且地形的类似的地点在土壤和土壤部分调查了C和氮(N)存储(免费放牧的、放牧排除，刈草，放牧的冬季，和开垦)。与免费放牧的草地相比，在0-50厘米层的C和N存储增加了18.3%(15.5MgCha1)并且9.3%(0.8MgNha1)在以后擦伤排除10年，分别地并且21.9%(18.5MgCha1)并且11.5%(0.9MgNha1)在30年的放牧排除以后分别地。同样，玷污15.3%增加的C和N存储(12.9MgCha1)并且10.2%(0.8MgNha1)在10年的刈草以后，分别地并且19.2%(16.2MgCha1)并且7.1%(0.6MgNha1)在分别地的26年的刈草以后。相反，土壤C和N存储在10.6%衰退了(9.0MgCha1)并且11.4%(0.9MgNha1)在49年的开垦以后分别地。而且，C和N存储的增加主要与擦伤排除并且刈草在0-10厘米土壤层发生在沙和淤泥部分。我们的调查结果提供了内部蒙古的草地有能力扣押的证据在有改进管理的土壤的C和N练习，它在顺序：放牧排除>刈草>冬季放牧>开垦。

简介：TheabsorptionandenrichmentofheavymetalelementsbyleavesofPopulus×euramericanacv.’Neva’wereanalyzedthroughcontentassessingofheavymetalelementsinsoilsofthreeforestlandsatFangshanDistrictinthesouthernsuburbofBeijing.TheseforestlandswithP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’plantationwerearoundwiththevarioussourcesofpollutionsuchascementmill,stonemill,sewageandgarbage.SomeofheavymetalelementssuchasCd,Pb,Cu,andZnwerefoundinthesoilsamplesandleavesofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’grownonthethreeforestlandswhichwereinvestigated.TheresultsofinvestigationshowedthatthesoilsofthreeforestlandswerepollutedwithPb,Cd,CuandZninvaryingdegrees.ThecontentsofPb,CuandZninsoilsweresignificantlydifferentamongthethreeforestlands,whereastheaveragecontentofCd(0.0776mg·kg-1)waslessbutthatofPb,Cu,andZn(37.61,26.25and90.3mg·kg-1)weremorethantheaveragebackgroundvalueofBeijing.ThecontentsofPb,Cd,CuandZninleavesofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’weredifferentamongthreeforestlands.Withthechangesofheavymetalcontentsinsoilsamples,therewasnoregularityonthechangesofdifferentheavymetalcontentsinleavesofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’grownondifferentforestland.P.×euramericanacv.’Neva’canabsorbandaccumulatePb,Cd,CuandZninsoilbutshoweddifferentcapacitiesofabsorptionandaccumulationwiththeorderofCd>Zn>Cu>Pb.Especially,itsabsorptionandaccumulationcapacityforCdwasstrongwithmaximumenrichmentfactorhigherthan16andshowedhighaccumulationonlowbackground,whereasitsenrichmentcapacitiesforPbandCuwererelativelypoorerwithaverageenrichmentfactoroflessthan1.Atdifferentforestlands,thereexistedgreatdifferenceonabsorptioncapacityofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’withthesameheavymetal.

简介：植物有多样的策略应付磷(P)缺乏。更好理解玉米怎么对P缺乏作出回应，有二P的一个地实验铺平，0和100kgP2O5ha1(P0和P100，分别地)，作为长期的P化肥地试用的部分被执行。植物和土壤分析证明那P缺乏的玉米减少了它的生长率，增加了P使用效率，并且形成了有在连接和silking的不到0.6公里上演的直径的更多的薄根，与与P100对待的植物相比。进一步，在每收获在在rhizospheric和体积土壤之间的主要无机的P部分(Ca2-P，Ca8-P，高山，Fe-P，堵塞P和Ca10-P)没有差别，甚至当土壤Olsen-P仅仅是1.38mgkg1时。这些结果建议那玉米由由在低碳的词法改变花费了的有利的根为生长和增加的P获得能力减少内部P需求对P缺乏作出回应。