简介：摘要目的回顾性分析单中心儿童肾移植疗效，并对目前所面临的问题进行探讨。方法总结2007年7月至2019年9月郑州大学第一附属医院实施儿童(≤17岁)肾移植临床资料。分析供受者临床资料、围手术期并发症、移植效果及受者/移植物存活情况。结果共计入组202例患儿，围手术期最常见并发症为肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复(delayed graft function，DGF)24例(11.9%)、急性排斥反应21例(10.4%)及肾病复发8例(4.0%)。受者死亡和移植肾功能丧失的主要原因为肺部感染9例(，4.5%)、排斥反应11例(5.4%)。围手术期血肌酐呈进行性下降，由术前(816.1 ±303.1))μmol/L，降至术后3个月(62.7±20.6)μmol/L。术后1、3、5年估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)分别为：(166.8±37.3)ml/(min·1.73 m2)、(135.1±29.0) ml/(min·1.73 m2)、(109.9±31.1) ml/(min·1.73 m2)。受者/移植物1、3、5年生存率分别96.7%/96.3%、94.1%/93.5%、94.1%/90.7%。亲属活体供肾与器官捐献供肾组相比1、3、5年受者/移植肾生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，移植效果良好。结论我们中心儿童肾移植取得了良好的效果，下一步仍需优化诸多问题。

简介：摘要本文首先介绍了单流环式密封油系统密封瓦结构，然后分析了密封瓦解体原始间隙测量结果，并提出了密封瓦修复方案，最后探讨了修复后的效果及经济效益。

简介：摘要回顾性分析2012年3月至2019年6月期间28例行胰腺节段性切除术患者的临床资料。全组患者中24例行开腹手术，4例行腔镜手术；26例行胰肠Roux-en-Y吻合，2例行胰胃吻合。术后生化漏9例，B级胰瘘4例，无C级胰瘘；无活动性出血病例，1例出现慢性渗血，经保守治疗后好转；术后新发糖尿病1例。围手术期均无二次手术、无死亡病例。笔者认为胰腺节段性切除术对患者的内、外分泌功能影响小，但胰瘘发生率较其他胰腺手术高。

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the relationship between the concentration of L-carnitine in semen and sperm parameters and investigate the epigenetic profile in sperm cell after L-carnitine usage.Methods:From February 2017 to February 2018, 46 semen samples from asthenospermic males and 41 semen samples from healthy donors were acquired. Motility parameters were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA, n = 78) and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was evaluated through flow cytometry (n = 86), %DFI = % cells outside main population. Other oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (n = 86) and the mitochondria DNA copy numbers, were detected (n = 78). The concentration of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine was detected (n = 82), and methylation was analyzed (n = 30). After that, we collected 13 fresh semen samples from asthenospermic males and 23 fresh semen samples from healthy donors. These samples were used in a freeze-thaw model that was used to determine whether adding L-carnitine could change sperm progressive motility (n = 23), apoptosis index (n = 9), and methylation analysis (n = 7). In total, we have done 13 asthenospermia samples for Western blot, and except for the poor Western result, we analyzed 6 samples for H3K9ac detection, 7 samples for H3K9m3 and H3K27m3 detection, and immunofluorescence (n = 3). Finally, we had recruited 30 volunteers, and they were given oral administration of L-carnitine for 3 months and then collected semen samples at different time points for methylation analysis.Results:The concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is negatively correlated with the %DFI value (r2 = 0.1090; P = 0.0026), and the concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is positively correlated with sperm forward motility (r2 = 0.0543; P = 0.0458) and ROS (r2 = 0.1854; P < 0.0001), and the acetyl-L-carnitine level is negatively correlated with %DFI in asthenospermia (r2 = 0.1701; P = 0.0066), and the level of acetyl-L-carnitine in asthenospermic semen is significantly lower than the normal group (P = 0.0419). In addition, this study indicates that adding L-carnitine significantly improved sperm motility (P = 0.0325) and reduced sperm apoptosis (P = 0.0032). Importantly, Western blotting (P = 0.0429) and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the addition of L-carnitine reduced H3K9Me3 methylation level in sperm, respectively. Furthermore, semen samples from asthenospermic patients had reduced methylation levels in a specific region (16thP= 0.0003; 17thP= 0.0016) of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter. The 16th methylation decreased with age (r2 = 0.1564; P = 0.0306), and the 17th methylation was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine for 28 days (P = 0.0341).Conclusion:L-carnitine can reduce the %DFI and also affect the methylation of the histone modification marker in sperm as a possible epigenetic regulator.

简介：AbstractObjective:The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a set of psychometrically equivalent disyllabic wordlist (SC-10) in Singapore Mandarin for clinical use.Study design:A preliminary set of 1000 words were obtained from a dictionary of frequently used words by Singapore students. Ten native judges rate the familiarity level of each word. This is followed by a face-to-face public survey to rank the shortlisted word set from most to least familiar. The final 108 disyllabic words were recorded by a native female talker. 20 normal hearing subjects were used to obtain the percentage of correct word recognition at 24 intensity levels (-10 dB HL to 26 dB HL in 2 dB increment). Psychometric function slopes were calculated for each word. 100 words were eventually chosen and assigned into ten 10-word lists based on a psychometric balancing protocol. Minor digital adjustments were made to the intensity of each wordlist to improve their auditory homogeneity.The developed SC-10 wordlists were validated by a separate group of 25 normal hearing subjects. Test-retest reliability was carried out on 20 out of 25 participants at the selected intensity levels (SRT-5, SRT, SRT+5).Results:The calculated regression slopes in the psychometric functions for the ten lists are between 8.0 and 9.8%/dB. Single factor ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference in both the mean intensity required to obtain 50% recognition score (f = 0.109, df = 9, p = 0.999) and the slopes of the psychometric functions (f = 0.078, df = 9, p = 0.999) between the ten word lists. List validation on 25 normal hearing participants (PTA = 11.0 dB HL, SD = 4.3) showed a mean speech recognition threshold (SRT) of 9.3 dB HL (SD = 3.5)and regression slope of 8.395%/dB. Quadratic regression analysis showed a positive correlation (r2 = 0.923) between presentation level and word recognition score (WRS). The difference between PTA and SRT of each subject all fall within the clinically acceptable difference of 10 dB HL. Test-retest reliability, carried out on 20 subjects at three levels (SRT-5, SRT, and SRT+5 dB), showed no significance difference between word recognition score when the same participant is tested again at the same intensity level using a different wordlist.Conclusion:All in all, it shows that the SC-10 speech materials are valid for clinical use for Mandarin speech audiometry in Singapore.

简介：摘要支气管哮喘(哮喘)是一种伴随气道高反应性、可逆性气流阻塞、气道重塑的慢性气道炎症性疾病。许多研究表明，程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)与其配体程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)和PD-L2之间的相互作用在T细胞激活、耐受和免疫介导的组织损伤中发挥关键作用。但PD-1与其配体PD-L1和PD-L2在哮喘气道高反应性和气道炎症发展中所扮演的角色仍没有一个明确的结论。本文就PD-L1和PD-L2在哮喘发病机制中的潜在作用以及未来在该疾病防治中的潜在价值作一综述。

简介：摘要目的探讨非小细胞肺癌L861Q突变临床特征，与L858R突变临床特征对比研究，分析二者突变临床特征差异及临床价值。方法纳入2012年7月至2018年12月在空军军医大学第二附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科基因检测中心行EGFR基因检测的705例非小细胞肺癌患者，回顾性分析L861Q、L858R突变临床特征及二者突变临床特征相对比。结果13例L861Q突变均发生于腺癌未合并其他肿瘤组，L861Q腺癌突变率高于其他类型(P＝0.004)。L858R突变特征表现为：女性组突变率高于男性组(χ2＝19.562，P<0.001)、不吸烟组突变率高于吸烟组(χ2＝15.859，P<0.001)、右肺肿瘤突变率高于左肺肿瘤(χ2＝5.601，P＝0.020)、腺癌组突变率高于其他组(χ2＝16.282，P<0.001)、Ⅳ期组肿瘤突变率高于Ⅰ～Ⅲ期组(χ2＝5.996，P＝0.016)。L861Q与L858R女性组突变率高于男性组，年龄≥50岁组突变率高于年龄<50岁组，未合并其他肿瘤组突变率高于合并组，并发骨转移组突变率高于无转移组，二者突变临床特征差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。L861Q与L858R突变临床特征在有无合并糖尿病、高血压和是否并发胸膜、淋巴结、头颅转移及临床分期组恰相反，差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论L861Q突变以腺癌多见，L858R突变以非吸烟、女性、右肺、Ⅳ期、腺癌多见。L861Q与L858R突变在性别、年龄、是否吸烟、病理分型、肿瘤发生部位、是否合并其他肿瘤、有无并发骨转移突变临床特征相一致；在肿瘤分期，是否并发胸膜、淋巴结、头颅转移及有无合并糖尿病、高血压突变临床特征相反。

简介：

简介：AbstractObjective:To evaluate the ability of cervical length (CL) at 28-32 weeks of gestation to predict spontaneous preterm delivery and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).Methods:It was a retrospective cohort study that vaginal ultrasonography at approximately 28-32 weeks of gestation was performed in 14,953 women between 17-49 years old with singleton pregnancies who delivered after 28 weeks of gestation at the Peking University First Hospital from June 2008 to December 2012. The pregnancy outcomes were followed and the relationship between the CL and preterm delivery or PPROM was assessed. The relative risk was calculated to assess group differences in the likelihood of an event occurring.Results:The overall prevalence of preterm delivery was 5.7% (858/14,953); the incidence for therapeutic preterm delivery was 2.1% (318/14,953), for spontaneous preterm delivery was 0.9% (133/14,953), and for PPROM was 2.7% (407/14,953). Excluding the 318 women who had therapeutic preterm delivery, the relative risk of preterm delivery for women with a CL between 25 mm and <30 mm, between 15 mm and <25 mm, and <15 mm was 3.7, 9.3, and 30.2, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CL ≤25 mm at 28-32 weeks of gestation as the cut-off value for predicting preterm delivery were 19.8%, 97.5%, 23.4%, and 96.9%, respectively. For preterm delivery before 35 weeks of gestation, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of a CL ≤ 25 mm at 28-32 weeks of gestation as the cut-off value were 30.0%, 97.2%, 11.8%, and 99.1%, respectively. In addition, women with PPROM (n = 407) had significantly shorter CL (31.9 ± 7.4) mm at 28-32 weeks of gestation compared that of women without PPROM (34.0 ± 8.3) mm. The incidence of PPROM in women with a CL ≤25 mm at 28-32 weeks of gestation (19.4%, 79/407) was significantly lower than that for women with a CL >25 mm (80.6%, 328/407, P < 0.05).Conclusion:CL at 28-32 weeks of gestation can predict spontaneous preterm delivery, and is valuable for predicting PPROM.

简介：AbstractBackground:To explore central nervous system (CNS) involvement in this disease, from the perspectives of diagnosis, treatment, and misdiagnosisMethods:Twenty-eight patients with CNS echinococcosis were included in this retrospective study, including 18 males (64.3%) and 10 (35.7%) females. The average age of all the patients were 23.5 years (ranged 4-60 years). Twenty-three (23) patients (82.1%) received the first surgical resection in our hospital. Five (5) patients (17.9%) gave up surgical treatment for multiple-organ hydatidosis and previous surgery history at other hospitals, and albendazole was applied for a long-term (3-6 months) adjunct therapy for the 5 patients. The average follow-up time was 8 years.Results:For the 28 patients, 23 cases received surgical treatments, and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examinations. The diagnosis of 4 cases of brain echinococcosis and 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis could not be confirmed, resulting in a misdiagnosis rate of 21.4% (6/28). For the pathological examination, a total of 17 cases were infected with Echinococcus granulosus (including 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis), and 6 cases were infected with Echinococcus alveolaris.Conclusion:The diagnosis should be specifically considered in endemic regions. The clinical features of CNS hydatidosis were intracranial space-occupying lesions. For the treatment, the surgical removal of cysts should be necessary. In addition, the adjuvant therapy with drug and intraoperative prophylaxis is also suggested. The misdiagnosis may have resulted from atypical clinical features and radiographic manifestations, as well as the accuracy of hydatid immunologic test.

简介：摘要目的探讨心大静脉异常引流的CT影像特征。方法回顾性研究。收集2007年5月—2018年8月复旦大学附属华东医院放射科53 185例行心脏CT检查资料中。纳入心大静脉异常引流的患者28例，其中男12例、女16例，年龄25～79岁。患者均采用德国西门子双源CT进行扫描，对CT扫描图像进行多平面重建，在CT重建图像上观察心大静脉的走行及异常引流的位置，测量心大静脉的长度，心大静脉异常引流汇入上腔静脉处(汇入点)和左心房入口处(入口处)的直径及CT值，以及冠状静脉窦的直径；观察有无合并心脏畸形。结果28例患者中，心大静脉引流入上腔静脉19例，引流入心房9例(左心房7例、右心房2例)。心大静脉引流入上腔静脉19例患者，心大静脉的长度为17～26 mm，汇入点距离上腔静脉左心房入口处的距离为1～8 mm，汇入点的直径为2.5～4 mm，入口处的CT值为20～60 HU，冠状静脉窦的直径为2.5～5 mm；其中合并的心脏畸形包括室间隔膜部缺损1例。心大静脉异常引流入心房9例患者，其中引流入左心房前壁者6例、右心房顶部靠近房间隔处2例、左心房左侧壁者1例；心大静脉的长度为15～36 mm，入口处的直径为2.8～4.5 mm，入口处的CT值为400～600 HU，冠状静脉窦的直径为2.5～5 mm；其中合并心脏畸形包括无顶冠状静脉窦2例、卵圆孔未闭1例、冠状动脉瘘1例、右室双出口1例。结论心脏CT检查是发现心大静脉异常引流的有效方法，多种后处理技术相结合可避免漏诊和误诊的发生。

简介：摘要CD99L2(CD99 antigen-like 2)基因位于染色体Xq28，编码高度保守、广泛表达的糖基化跨膜蛋白。自2003年首次报道以来，CD99L2蛋白被认为是一种重要的黏附分子，在炎症反应、白细胞渗出、淋巴瘤中起重要作用。但是，近年越来越多研究发现该基因与孤独症谱系障碍、脑性瘫痪、癫痫等神经系统疾病密切相关，但具体机制仍不清楚，该基因功能至今未明确。该文就CD99L2基因的研究进展进行综述。

简介：摘要我国自主研制了新一代探空系统，即L波段二次测风雷达。它是59~701型测风雷达的更新换代品，由数字探空仪和L波段雷达两部分组成。目前L波段二次测风雷达已进入80多个探空站并投入使用，它可以探测高空的风向、风速、气温、气压、湿度等气象要素。具有探测精度高、采样速率快、使用方便等特点，是我国高空气象探测系统的新型雷达。本文通过对L波段雷达的日常维护方法和工作中出现的故障情况进行分析判断及经验提出了多种L波段雷达维护维修方法和技能，以充分发挥L波段雷达的性能,延长雷达的使用寿命。

简介：摘要目的探讨超声乳化或者小切口手法碎核白内障摘除＋后房型人工晶体植入术治疗高度近视合并白内障的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年8月句容市中医院手术治疗的高度近视合并白内障患者28例(32眼)的临床资料。结果术后第2天患者视力均得到大幅度提升，其中光感降为0，手动极显著降为0(χ2＝12.252，P<0.01)，指数由术前的21.9%极显著降为6.3%(χ2＝8.060，P<0.01)，0.01～由50.0%极显著降为6.3%(χ2＝21.731，P<0.01)，而0.12以上视力者占比达到87.5%，特别是0.3～占比达到62.5%。超声乳化法(26眼)术中未发生并发症，显著优于小切口手法碎核术(6眼中后囊膜破裂和玻璃体脱出各有2眼)，超声乳化法和小切口手法碎核均发生角膜水肿和高眼压等术后并发症，但两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论超声乳化或者小切口手法碎核白内障摘除＋后房型人工晶体植入术治疗高度近视合并白内障，既能治疗白内障，又能纠正高度屈光不正，改善视力，有较好的临床效果。

简介：摘要目的分析28例新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia，NCP)患者的临床特征及诊疗经验。方法收集2020年1月22日至2月5日南宁市第四人民医院收治的28例NCP患者的临床资料。回顾性分析患者的临床表现、流行病学史、实验室检查、影像学检查和治疗方案。结果28例NCP患者中，1例轻型，25例普通型，2例重型，咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸检测均为阳性；其中有4起家庭聚集性发病。临床症状以发热、咳嗽为主，短期内进展迅速。28例患者自发病以来体温(腋下)峰值在36.6～39.5 ℃，其中5例患者整个病程中无发热，体温峰值≤37.0 ℃。患者从接触至出现症状的时间为1～12 d，从出现症状至核酸检测阳性时间为0～13 d。入院时白细胞计数降低者2例，C反应蛋白升高者5例；丙氨酸转氨酶异常者6例；天冬氨酸转氨酶异常者3例，肌酸激酶升高者10例；肌酸激酶同工酶升高者3例；乳酸脱氢酶升高者4例；降钙素原水平均在正常范围。胸部计算机断层成像表现主要为磨玻璃影(21例)，边缘模糊(18例)，斑点、斑片影(17例)，部分肺纹理增粗、紊乱(7例)，可见条索影(7例)，病变常进展迅速。1例11岁患儿单用α-干扰素雾化吸入；27例患者予α-干扰素雾化吸入，洛匹那韦利托那韦抗病毒治疗，其中4例出现不良反应后停用。截至2月12日，共9例患者治愈出院，均为普通型，无死亡。结论NCP发病早期以发热、咳嗽为主，肺部病变进展迅速，应尽早、反复多次进行呼吸道病原体检测，以提高新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性率，对于核酸检测阴性的可疑人群应慎重解除隔离。

简介：摘要患者男，68岁，主因“胸痛、后背痛1 d”入院，完善检查后考虑特发性嗜酸性粒细胞增多症，Löeffler心内膜炎，并给予相关治疗后好转出院。出院后随访9个月，患者心功能明显改善。该患者静脉给予甲基泼尼龙对症治疗及沙库巴曲缬沙坦抑制心室重构治疗，一方面及时阻止了心肌损伤进展，另一方面实现了左心室的反向重构。此类疾病目前仍缺乏标准治疗，该病例的治疗过程供临床参考。

简介：摘要本文主要根据新疆区库车县气象局L波段高空气象探测业务实际，对L波段气象探测雷达运行中经常遇见的故障进行分析，并提出相应的维修维护方法，以确保高空气象探测业务的顺利开展。

简介：本文以新疆伊宁国家基准气候站的实际情况，重要介绍L波段的雷达观测系统一些运行的情况，诠释了L波段的雷达观测器中出现的问题原因和处理办法，在L段的雷达使用上提供技术参考。

简介：摘要目的研究机器人辅助L4、L5椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗腰椎滑脱症的学习曲线及其拐点。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月采用机器人辅助L4、L5椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗43例腰椎滑脱症患者资料，男19例、女24例；年龄59（48，66）岁；按Meyerding分类，Ⅰ度滑脱23例，Ⅱ度滑脱18例，Ⅲ度滑脱2例。测量螺钉置入精度和螺钉准确性分级，记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、术后并发症、术后住院时间等信息。采用累计求和法绘制学习曲线，根据形态将学习曲线分为前期和后期。对比学习前期和学习后期指标差异，采用t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验进行统计学分析。结果43例腰椎滑脱症患者均顺利完成手术，置入L4椎弓根螺钉60枚、L5椎弓根螺钉70枚。L4椎弓根螺钉置入精度在第23枚开始提高，L5椎弓根螺钉置入精度在第20枚开始提高。以第23枚椎弓根螺钉（第14例患者）分割学习曲线为前期和后期，学习前期组与后期组在手术时间[（225.0±74.0）min vs.（207.0±81.2）min，t=0.65，P=0.521]、术中出血量[200（75，500）ml vs. 100（60，200）ml，Z=1.30，P=0.195]、术中透视次数[10（6，10）次vs. 10（6，10）次，Z=-0.37，P=0.712]、术后并发症发生率（8% vs. 0，P=0.302）等的差异无统计学意义。学习后期较学习前期有更短的术后住院天数[4.5（3，6）d vs. 6.0（5，9）d，Z=2.00，P=0.046]和更高的椎弓根螺钉置入精度[L4：1.33（1.06，1.79）mm vs. 2.23（1.12，4.55）mm，Z=2.43，P=0.015；L5：1.47（0.98，1.87）mm vs. 3.21（1.64，4.87）mm，Z=3.90，P=0.001]。前期和后期置钉准确率相近[L4：95%（21/22）vs. 97%（37/38），P=1.000；L5：91%（20/22）vs. 96%（46/48），P=0.585]。结论机器人辅助L4、L5椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗腰椎滑脱症具有较明显的学习曲线，置入第23枚椎弓根螺钉时，螺钉置入精度开始提高。

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