简介：Conflictisanimportantcomponentofhumansocietyandanecessaryforsocialdevelopment,owingtothedifferenceofsocialeconomy,historicalculturalbackgroundandregionalenvironment,variousconflictsandcontradictionswillbegeneratedunavoidably.Insolvingtheseconflictsandcontradic

简介：1.CommunityresourcemanagementandbeneficiarygroupInthemanagementofcommunityresources,thevillagersbeartheresponsibilitiesandrolesofmanagingcommunityresources,atthesametime,theygetbenefitsfromthemanagementinvariousways,forinstance,thecollectingofwildnon-woodforestproducts,theacquiringofmanure,theharves

简介：Co-managementisanewmanagingpatternofthedevelopmentofnaturereserve.Itrelievestheconflictsofresourceutilizationbetweennaturereserveandcommunity,encouragesvillagerstoparticipateintheprotectionofnaturereservebio-diversity,attemptstoimprovetheconditionsofcommunityproductionandliving,andelevatesthelivings

简介：GaoligongmountainState-classnaturereserveissituatedintheSino-Myanmarborderarea.Ithasrichandpeculiarbiologicalresourcesandanumberofpreciousanimalandplantspecieswhichhasveryimportantprotectivevalueandinternationalsignificance,andwaslistedin1992byWWFasClass

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简介：Fourvegetationtypes,namelyconiferousandbroadleavedmixedforest,secondarydeciduousbroadleavedforest,openshrubsandmeadow,withdwarfbamboo(Indocalamuswilsoni)arecomparedontheirfloristiccomposition,lifeform,communitystructure,andsurvivorshipofbamboos.Disturbanceofconifer-loggingtwodecadesagopromotedthespeciesdi-versity,butnegativelyinfluencedthesurvivorshipofdwarfbamboowhichisdominateontheforestfloor.Openshrubsbearmorespeciesdiversityandmoregeophytesinitslife-formspectrumthanitsbackgroundvegetationsubalpinemeadow,how-ever,dwarfbambooisgrowingmuchbetterintheopenshrubsthaninthemeadow.Itseemsdwarfbambooprobablyfavor-itestooccurinthevegetationatgentleslopeswithamediatecanopycover.Itsmassfloweringinthesecondarydeciduousforestsuggeststhatasimultaneousfloweringandfollowingdiebackmaybeirruptintherecentlycomingyearsoverthesubal-pineShennongjiainChina,whichwillbenotonlyalterthefloristiccompositionandcommunitystructureoftheoldbamboostands,butalsoinfluencethesurvivorshipofthisrarespecies.

简介：研究被进行检验三干燥森林种，Lysilomadivaricatum(Jacq)，Tabebuiaochracea(可汗)和Lonchocarpusminimiflorus的自然新生(Donn。Sm)在尼加拉瓜在一个三年的时期上并且到在到在Chacocente野生动物的光的地志的斜坡和发生的关系中的新生的分析异质保留。永久样品阴谋在2001被建立，并且有象10厘米和象10厘米一样大的直径一样低的高度的所有个人从2001～2003被记录三连续的年。结果证明自然地改革的个人的密度在种类之中显著地变化了，以及随着时间的过去。L。minimiflorus和T。ochracea与L相比有更高的密度。divaricatum，和在种群密度的网变化为T是稍微积极的。ochracea仅仅。新生更充满在到日光的王冠的部分暴露下面的轻轻、陡峭的斜坡，因此导致分发的聚集的模式，特别为L。minimiflorus和T。ochracea。我们断定那个自然新生独自不是足够的维持这些的股票的需要的数字种类，和一项立即的恢复措施应该被拿帮助自然新生过程。

简介：NowadaysSongshanNationalNatureReserveattractsarapidlyincreasingnumberoftourists.However,thedevelopmentofatouristeconomyandthefurtherexploitationofthenaturallandscapethreatentheecologyandmanagementofthereserve.Therefore,definingtherelationshipbetweenecologicaltourismandecologicalprotectioncanprovideaframeworkforthemanagementandexploitationofthereserve.Basedontheanalysisofcurrentsituationandquestionsofthereserve,thispaperprobesintothere...

简介：由偶然的价值方法，我们在Heilongjiang省学习了Hongxing国家自然保护区(HNNR)的沼泽地生态系统服务的弃权价值，东北中国。为HNNR的保护的愿意付钱的回答者(WTP)的比例是63?%。WTP比率受回答者的地理区域，接触性质，个人偏爱，和熟悉的度影响。WTP价值受年龄，教育水平和回答者的事业影响。主要推理因为拒绝支付保护HNNR的人是我不对HNNR熟悉，我没为因为低收入的另外的花有能力。加权的平均单个WTP价值是为有WTP的所有回答者的CNY59.26元ind1年1。HNNR的全部的弃权生态系统服务价值是CNY1430在2013的百万元。遗产价值被存在价值和选择价值最高跟随。从在HNNR的高生态系统服务价值，为保护自然生态系统和自然资源的人的持续使用构造自然保护区是很重要的。

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简介：Assessmentofregionalforestcarbonstocksandunderlyingcontrolsiscriticalforguidingforestmanagementinthecontextofcarbonsequestration.Weinvestigatedthevariationsintreebiomasscarbonstocksrelatingtoforesttypes,andestimatedthetotaltreebiomasscarbonstocksandprojectedgainsthroughnaturalstanddevelopmentby2020and2050intheDaqingMountainNatureReservebasedonCategoryIIdataoftheForestInventoryofInnerMongoliafortheperiodending2008.Overatotalareaof388,577ha,thisnaturereservecurrentlystoresanestimated2221GgCintreeabovegroundbiomassalone,withpotentialtogrowbymorethan30%toreach2938GgCby2020andnearlydoubleto4092GgCby2050throughnaturaldevelopmentoftheexistingforeststands.Thetreebiomasscarbondensityandpotentialgainintreebiomasscarbonstocksvarymarkedlyamongforesttypesandwithstanddevelopment.Thevariationsinthepotentialchangeoftreebiomasscarbondensityfortheperiods2008–2020and2008–2050amongforesttypespartlyreflectthevaryingrelationshipsoftreebiomasscarbondensitywithstandagefordifferenttreespecies,andpartlyareattributabletovariationsinthestandagestructureamongdifferentforesttypes.Ofthemajorforesttypes,therankingofprojectedchangesintreebiomasscarbondensityarenotconsistentwithvariationsintherelationshipbetweentreebiomasscarbondensityandstandage,neitheraretheyexplainablebyvariationsinstandagestructures,implyingtheinteractiveeffectbetweenforesttypeandstanddynamicsontemporalchangesintreebiomasscarbondensity.Birchrankhighestforfuturebiomasscarbonsequestrationbecauseofitsdominanceincoverareaandbetteragestructureforpotentialgainintreebiomasscarbonstocks.Poplarandlarchwereout-performerscomparedtootherforesttypesgiventheirgreatercontributiontototaltreebiomasscarbonstocksrelativetotheirdistributionalareas.Findingsinthisstudyillustrateth