简介:癌性疼痛是肿瘤最为常见的临床症状之一,也是恶性肿瘤骨转移患者最常见、最痛苦的症状之一。近年来研究表明骨保护蛋白/核因子-κB受体活化因子/核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(OPG-RANKL-RANK)系统在骨癌痛发生发展过程中具有重要作用,主要与破骨细胞的活化、发育和成熟有关。本文就OPG-RANKL-RANK系统在骨癌痛中的作用进行综述,为今后治疗骨癌痛提供新的研究思路和方法。
简介:摘要骨骼是一种动态组织,由大约70%的矿物质和30%的有机成分组成,并通过持续的骨形成和骨吸收来维持。骨形成和骨吸收障碍可导致代谢性骨病,如骨坏死和骨质疏松症等。相关研究结果表明,骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、核因子κB受体活化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB,RANK)及其配体(RANK ligand,RANKL)相关细胞因子参与或调节这一动态平衡。此文就RANK-RANKL-OPG系统及其治疗骨质疏松相关药物的研究进展作一综述。
简介:摘要骨质疏松症是一种较为多见的全身性代谢性骨病,其主要特征为骨量低、骨组织微结构损坏,从而导致骨脆性增加、易发生骨折。随着我国人口的老龄化,骨质疏松症和骨质疏松性骨折越来越严重威胁着人民群众的身体健康。通过对我国骨质疏松症诊疗现状、OPG-RANKL-RANK信号通路在骨质疏松症病理生理中的作用、地舒单抗在绝经后骨质疏松症治疗中的研究进展进行研究,为绝经后骨质疏松症的临床实践提供参考。
简介:糖皮质激素(Glueoeorticoid,GC)主要由肾上腺皮质分泌,因其廉价及具有抗炎和免疫抑制作用,常在肾病综合症、类风湿性关节炎、风湿性多肌痛、结肠炎和慢性阻塞性肺疾病等许多疾病中广泛应用。然而,GC有许多影响代谢的副作用,比如胰岛素抵抗、高血压、青光眼、和骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis,OP)。糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症(Glucocorticoid—inducedOsteoporosis,GIOP)是在使用GC治疗疾病过程中引起的骨量丢失,以骨量减少,骨微结构破坏,骨强度下降为特征,导致骨脆性增强,易于发生骨折。GIOP已成为影响人类生活质量的主要问题。随着骨分子生物学的不断发展,GIOP发病机制的研究已渗透到组织,细胞和分子改变的过程中。本文将围绕Wnt/β-catenin与OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路的交联反应在GIOP发病机制中作用进行讨论,为GIOP基础研究提供新思路。
简介:LetAbeann×nrealsymmetricmatrix.Aiscalledcompletelypositive(denoteA∈CP_n)ifA=B’Bforsomem×nnonnegativematrixBwheremisanintegeranddenotes
简介:ThispaperstartswiththediscussionoftheprincipleofReduced-Rank(RR)Space-TimeAdaptiveProcessing(STAP).Itisfollowedbyadedicationoftheupperboundperformanceofalleigen-basedRRmethodsprovidedbyCrossSpectralMethod(CSM)undertheconditionofagivenprocessorrankandanidenticalsecondarysamplesize.AperformancecomparisonbetweentwoRRSTAPprocessorswithprefixedstructureandCSMisperformedbythemeansofsimulations.Itisshownthattheperformanceoftimepre-filteringfollowedbyjointlylocalizedSTAPstructure(i.e.3DT-SAP)isveryclosetotheupperboundandtherebyitisaneffectiveRRapproach.
简介:Thelongcontroversyovertheterm‘Quaternary'asachronostratigraphicunitmaybereachinganapotheosis,judgingfromrecentpapers(PillansandNaish,2004;Gibbardetal.,2005;andreferencestherein).Thedebateisnolongercenteredonwhetherthereshouldbeaplaceinthegeologicaltimescaleforaunittermed‘Quaternary'-despiteitsdubiouspast,itcannotbedeniedthatalargebodyofearth-historicalresearchisstronglyidentifiedwiththisterm.ThechallengenowconcernsanappropriaterankanddefinitionofQuaternarywithregardtootherchronostratigraphicunits.Severaloptionshavebeenproposed(PillansandNaish,2004),andGibbardetal.(2005)encourageadebateonthesebeforedecisionisreached.Inthisbriefnote,wedescribeanarrangementnotpreviouslyconsideredthatseemsadvantageous.Itisinstructive,however,tofirstreviewthePleistoceneSeriesandNeogeneSystem,thetwounitsthataredirectlyaffectedbyintroductionoftheQuaternaryintothechronostratigraphichierarchy.
简介:AnexcellentintroductiontothetopicofposetmatroidsisduetoBarnabei,NicolettiandPezzoli.Inthispaper,weinvestigatetherankaxiomsforposetmatroids;therebywecancharacterizeposetmatroidsina“global”versionanda“pseudo-global”version.Somecorrespondingpropertiesofcombinatorialschemesarealsoobtained.
简介:在这份报纸,我们显示出怎么为图象结束在常规或在常规附近的质地利用低等级、稀少的结构。我们的方法为随机、连续的贪污基于统一明确的表达。除了质地的低等级性质,算法也使用自然图象的稀少的假设:因为自然图象是piecewise,变光滑,它在某些转变领域是稀少的(例如Fourier或小浪变换)。我们联合低等级并且质地的稀少性质在建议算法一起想象。我们的算法能自动地并且正确地基于凸的优化修理一块贿赂质地的全球结构,甚至没有要完成的区域的精确信息。这个算法集成质地校正并且修理进一个优化问题。通过广泛的模拟,我们证明我们的方法能完成并且修理错误比存在低等级的矩阵恢复方法更好与随机、连续的支持贿赂的质地。我们的方法证明超越本地补丁的重要优点在处理大贪污,不一致的质地,和大观点变丑基于质地合成技术。
简介:AmongMongolianandTibetanhigh-rankingBuddhistmonks,theKhutukhtuissecondonlytothatoftheDalaiandthePanchen.Therehave,however,beenvariousinterpretationsofthewordkhutukhtu,itslinguisticorigin,andconnotations.Inthisessay,therefore,IexpoundonthepreliminarytextualresearchIhavemadeintoquestionsregardingtheoriginoftheword"khutukhtu,"itscourseofevolution,andspecificmeaningwhen"Khutukhtu"becamethepostandranktitleforcertainMongolianandTibetanhigh-rankingBuddhistmonks.
简介:AnanalysisonthepropertyofSelf-ScalingRankOneUpdate(SSR1)isgiven.Inviewofit,weexplorewhethertheSSR1updatewithoutusingexactlinesearchpossessesthefiniteterminationpropertywhenitisappliedtominimizeapositivedefinitequadraticobjectivefunction.
简介:AccordingtostatisticsconductedbytheEnvironmentBureauofT.A.R,Tibethasestablished7differentconservationareasatnationallevel,8atprovinciallevel,and23atsub-provinciallevel.Thetotalconservationareareachesto407,000sqkm,ThisnumberaccountsforonethirdoftA.R,andranksnumberoneinChina.
简介:Let∑,Гbetwon-by-ndiagonalmatriceswithσi,γiastheirdiagonals.Fortheinverseeigenvalueproblem:lookfory∈RnsuchthatГ+yyTissimilarto∑,weprovethatualsothesufficientconditionforthesolvabilityofthisinverseproblem.Itssolution(set)isgivenexplicitly.Insomecase,theproblemisunstable.Butweprovethatthesumsofthesquareofsomecontigiouscomponentskeepstable,i.e.,smallsumkeepssmall,largesumhasasmallrelativeperturbation,seeTheorem3.
简介:Nonlinearrank-onemodificationofthesymmetriceigenvalueproblemarisesfromeigen-vibrationsofmechanicalstructureswithelasticallyattachedloadsandcalculationofthepropagationmodesinopticalfiber.Inthispaper,wefirststudytheexistenceanduniquenessofeigenvalues,andtheninvestigatethreenumericalalgorithms,namelyPicarditeration,nonlinearRayleighquotientiterationandsuccessivelinearapproximationmethod(SLAM).TheglobalconvergenceoftheSLAMisprovenundersomemildassumptions.NumericalexamplesillustratethattheSLAMisthemostrobustmethod.