简介：AbstractStillbirth is a devastating pregnancy complication that still affects many women, particularly from low and middle-income countries. It is often labeled as "unexplained" and therefore unpreventable, despite the knowledge that placental dysfunction has been identified as a leading cause of antepartum stillbirth. Currently, screening for pregnancies at high-risk for placental dysfunction relies on checklists of maternal risk factors and serial measurement of symphyseal-fundal height to identify small for gestational age fetuses. More recently, the first-trimester combined screening algorithm developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation has emerged as a better tool to predict and prevent early-onset placental dysfunction and its main outcomes of preterm preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth by the appropriate use of Aspirin therapy, serial growth scans and induction of labour from 40 weeks for women identified at high-risk by such screening. There is currently no equivalent to predict and prevent late-onset placental dysfunction, although algorithms combining an ultrasound-based estimation of fetal weight, assessment of maternal and fetal Doppler indices, and maternal serum biomarkers show promise as emerging new screening tools to optimize pregnancy monitoring and timing of delivery to prevent stillbirth. In this review we discuss the strategies to predict and prevent stillbirths based on first-trimester screening as well as fetal growth and wellbeing assessment in the second and third trimesters.

简介：TheFrequentoccurrenceofthunderandlightinginTi-betinconveniencesTibetanpeople,evenendangeringtheirlives.However,Tibetanshaveaccumulatedrichexperiencetopre-ventinjuryfromthunderandlighting.

简介：AbstractThis paper reviews the current epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China, particularly the globally available prevention strategies developed and implemented. This review focuses on HIV prevention measures in general, such as education, testing, and counseling and in specific responses to transmission modes, such as blood safety, harm reduction for people who inject drugs, and condom promotion to reduce sexual transmission. We also assess newly developed prevention measures, such as prevention treatment, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis, male circumcision, and promising potential future preventions, including microbicides and vaccines. Based on this assessment, we provide recommendations for their implementation in China. We conclude that there is no magic bullet for HIV prevention, particularly sexual transmission of the disease, but only a combination of these prevention strategies can control the HIV epidemic.

简介：Strokeisthemostcommoncomplicationofatrialfibrillation(AF).GuidelinesrecommendanticoagulanttreatmentinpatientswithCHA2DS2VAScscoresof>2.RegistrydatasuggeststhatalmosthalfofpatientswhoshouldbeontherapeuticanticoagulationforstrokepreventioninAF(SPAF)arenot.Warfarinandmorerecentlydevelopedagents,the"novelanticoagulants"(NOACs)reducetheriskofembolicstrokes.Inaddition,theNOACsalsoreduceintracranialhemorrhage(ICH)byover50%comparedtowarfarin.Anticoagulationandbridgingstrategiesinvolvingcardioversion,catheterablation,andinvasive/surgicalproceduresarereviewed.ThedevelopmentofreversalagentsforNOACsandtheintroductionofleftatrialappendageoccludingdeviceswillevolvetheuseofnewerstrategiesforpreventingstrokeinhighriskAFpatients.

简介：AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT, also known as vertical transmission) during the perinatal period is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the availability of the combined active-passive immunization with a hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin after birth, about 9% of newborns are still infected with HBV, especially those born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers. Currently, the management of HBV infection during pregnancy remains controversial. This article briefly reviews the recent advances in the epidemiology of HBV, immunization against it, and management strategies in the third trimester.

简介：假设你是学校广播站英文节目的编辑．请按照下面图画所示内容．用英语写一篇广播稿．向同学们介绍在发生禽流感疫情的情况下应采取的一些预防措施。

简介：<正>Regularlyplayingsportsorexercisingisbecominganimportantpartofahealthylifestyle.Asthepopulationplayingsportsandexercisingisincreasing,incidentsofsportsinjuriesarealsoincreasing.Sportsinjuriesresultindevastatingphysical,psychological,andfinancialconsequencesandsignificantlyimpactthelevelofactivityandqualityoflifeofpatients,whichhavenotbeenfullyrecognizedbyoursociety.Preventingsportsinjuriesandimprovingrehabilitationof

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简介：Cardiovasculardisease(CVD)istheleadingcauseofdeathworldwide.ThisarticlefocusesoncurrentguidelinesfortheprimarypreventionofCVDandaddressesmanagementofkeyriskfactors.Dietarymodification,weightloss,exercise,andtobaccousecessationarespecificareaswherefocusedeffortscansuccessfullyreduceCVDriskonbothanindividualandasocietallevel.Specificareasrequiringmanagementincludedyslipidemia,hypertension,physicalactivity,diabetes,aspirinuse,andalcoholintake.Thesepreventiveeffortshavemajorpublichealthimplications.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestogrow,healthcareexpenditureswillalsorise,withthepotentialtoeventuallyoverwhelmthehealthcaresystem.ThereforeitisimperativetoapplyourcollectiveeffortsonCVDpreventiontoimprovethecardiovascularhealthofindividuals,communities,andnations.

简介：THEHIVEPIDEMICINCHINAisaccelerating,withcurrentestimatestoppingonemillionseropositiveindividuals.1Accordingtothelimiteddata,themajorityoftransmissionhasbeenamonghigh-riskpopulations,includinginjectiondrugusers(IDUs),bloodproductdonors/recipients,andcommercialsexworkers.StudieshaveshownHIVseroprevalencerangingfrom5%inGuangzhousexworkersto54%inwomenwitha

简介：摘要Stroke is the most important cause of death and disability in China, and most strokes (~80-90%) are preventable. Recent advances in a number of measures to reduce stroke are discussed in this narrative review, including smoking cessation, a Mediterranean pattern of eating, salt restriction, B vitamins to lower homocysteine, antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulants and the management of patent foramen ovale and carotid stenosis. Lowering of homocysteine with B vitamins does prevent stroke, but patients with variants of MTHFR require higher doses of folic acid, and because of harm from cyanocobalamin among persons with renal impairment, we should use methylcobalamin or oxocobalamin instead. Aspirin resistance appears to be due to enteric coating, and ＞ 50% of Chinese have a reduced response to clopidogrel because of variants of CYP2C19, required to convert the prodrug to its active form. Direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have revolutionized anticoagulation; important differences among the DOACs are discussed. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) does reduce the risk of stroke, but in most patients with stroke and PFO the PFO is incidental; it is important to identify the subgroup in whom paradoxical embolism was the probable cause of the stroke. Some patients with PFO would be better treated with anticoagulants because of the risk of pulmonary embolism. Carotid stenting carries a higher risk in older patients, and most patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis would be better treated with intensive medical therapy than with either stenting or endarterectomy; the few who could benefit can be identified.

简介：连续时间的Markowitz的吝啬变化的有效策略被parameterizing修改批评数量。这些parameterizedMarkowitz策略能与任意地高的可能性到达原来的吝啬的目标，这被显示出。接着，每当parameterizedMarkowitz策略到达吝啬的目标的现在的价值时，这激发股票资源被清偿的某些停止的策略的介绍。修订Markowitz策略的风险方面从起始的预算经由期望的打折的损失被检验。一个新公事包选择模型基于纸的结果被建议。

简介：　　这个投资策略迫使投资者在股市下滑时离场,　　投资于股票的款额 = m x （现有财富－不愿承担风险的财富） 　　m将高过1 　　举例说,他在股市的投资会减至72元

简介：对于长期处于中文环境中的英语学习者来说，要拥有高水平的英语听说能力确实非常难。本文作者NickStirk在此介绍了一套很好的方法，希望能对大家有所帮助。

简介：AbstractBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a number of bacteria in the genus Brucella. In animals, classical Brucella species naturally affiliate with mammals in which they cause epididymitis and orchitis in males and abortion storms in pregnant females. Because Brucella proliferates to a vast number of free organisms in the fetal organs and fluids, abortion plays a key mechanism in disease spread in nature. B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. abortus construct the three most severe zoonotic species and their role in human brucellosis stems from their association with domesticated farm animals in which they strive and transmit the disease. Here we review the relevant literature on genus Brucella, vaccination and diagnostic approaches. Meanwhile, the prevention and control programs based on the combination of vaccination coverage of the population with differentiating serological diagnosis of the infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) and herd clearance by a test and cull strategy using validated serological tests were discussed.

简介：Abstract:Thepossiblecausesofcondylomaacuminatarecurrencearesummarized:suchaspatientswithcellularimmunedeficiencies,physicaltherapytriggeringsubclinicalinfectivefoci,sowingofthevirusparticles,andinsufficienttherapy.Correspondingpreventivemeasuresareaddressed,including:immunomodulatorsimprovingcellularimmunity,ensuringtherangeanddepthofphysicaltherapy,andtreatingsexualpartnerssimultaneously.

简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatesafetyandeffectivityofpotassiuminpreventionofrestenosisafterPTCA.MethodsEightypatientswithPTCAwererandomizedintotwogroups:Controlgroup(GroupⅡn=40)withconventionaltherapy;Treatmentgroup(GroupⅠn=40)withconventionaltherapyplusoralpotassium(Slow-K1.2g,q8h,given3daysbeforePTCAandcontinuedtotheendofsub-study).Observationindecesoftwogroupswerecomparedinfollow-up.ResultsSeventy-sevenpatientswerefollowed-up(39ingroupⅠ,38ingroupⅡ)Allbloodindices(includingfat,sugar,uricacid,cretonne,Na+,Cl-,Ca2+,Mg2+)exceptbloodpotassiuminbothgroupsweresimilar.Oralpotassiumcouldincreasebloodpotassiumlevelabout0.3mmol/LingroupⅠwithoutcausinganysideeffects.SuspiciousanginapectorisandevidenceofmyocardialischemiabyETTweredevelopedingroupⅡhad14patients(28.9%)andGroupIhad7patients(17.9%);6of17patients(35.3%)ingroupⅠand11of21patients

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简介：ThisstudyfocusesoninventorystrategiesofInternetretailers(etailers).Theetailerfacesoptionsofholdingherowninventoryoroutsourcingthroughthethirdparty(ies).Weassessetailerinventorystrategiesthroughmathematicalmodelingandnumericalexperiments.Whenorderingandholdingherownstock,theetailerhasfullcontroloftheorderfulfillmentprocessbutbearstheinventory-relatedrisk.Whenoutsourcingstock,etailer'sordersmaynotgetanequalpriorityasforthoseofthethirdparty'sown.Builtuponsimpleoperationsresearchmodels,thenumericalexperimentssuggestthattheetailerisbetteroffrelyingonotherstofulfillordersifherdemand(profitmargin)islow,butshouldreverttothestrategyofmaintainingherowninventoryifhersalesvolume(profitmargin)isrelativelyhigh.Otherfactorsarealsoinvestigated.Thesefindingsseemtoconfirmwhatarebeingpracticedintheindustry.

简介：投资股票的策略,他在股市的投资会减至72元,initially put $60 in savings (60%) and $40 in stocks (40%).