简介：Phasecontrastimagingtechniquehasbeenimprovedpromptlyinrecentyears.Amongthesetechniquesin-linephase-contrastimagingiswidelyused.Variousalgorithmsforin-linephaseretrievalhavebeenproposedsofarsuchasTIE(transportofintensityequation),CTF(contrasttransferfunction),firstborn-approximations,GSF(Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup),etc.Bronnikov'salgorithm(BA)isatypeoflinearalgorithmthatissimpleandefficient.Butitcanonlybeusedwithoutabsorptionsituations.Inthispaper,animprovedalgorithmbasedonBAwaspresented.TheapproachaddsΔφ(x,y)tothephasemapφ_b(x,y)retrievedbyBAtomakethereconstructedphasemapmoreprecise.Further,theapproachwasevaluatedonsimulatedimagesandconfirmedtobeaccurateathigherabsorptionrates.

简介：AnewmethodofphasespectralanalysisofEEGisproposedforthecomparativeanalysisofphasespectrabetweennormalEEGandepilepticEEGsignalsbasedonthewaveletdecompositiontechnique.Byusingmultiscalewaveletdecomposition,theoriginalEEGsaremappedtoanorthogonalwaveletspace,suchthatthevariationsofphasecanbeobservedatmultiscale.Itisfoundthatthephase(andphasedifference)spectraofnormalEEGsaredistinctfromthatofepilepticEEGs.Thatisthevariationsofphase(andphasedifference)ofnormalEEGshaveadistinctperiodicpatternwiththeelectricalactivityproceedsinthebrain,butdonottheepilepticEEGs.ForepilepticEEGs,onlyatthosetransientpoints,thephasevariationsareobvious.Inordertoverifytheseresultswiththeobservationaldata,thephasevariationsofEEGsinprincipalcomponentspaceareobservedandfoundthat,thefeaturesofphasespectraisincorrespondencewiththatthewaveletspace.TheseresultsmakeitpossibletoviewthebehaviorofEEGrhythmsasadynamicspectrum.

简介：Heartratevariaty(HRV)of85caseswithAMIwasobservedintheearlyphaseafteronsetandrehabilitationphaseatfirstmonthandsixthmonth,andwascontrastedwithsixtimethresholdindicesof111caseswithcoronaryheartdiseaseandthatof35normalcontrol.WefoundtheHRVofAMIwasapperantlylowerintheacutephasethanthatofcoronaryheartdiseaseandnormalcontrols.HRVrecoveredgraduallywithincliningtobestableafterhalfayear,butitwasstilllowerthanthatofcontrols.LowHRVinearlyphaseofAMIsuggestedthepoorprognosis.

简介：AIMTocomparevonoprazan10and20mgvslansoprazole15mgasmaintenancetherapyinhealederosiveesophagitis(EE).METHODSAtotalof607patientsaged≥20years,withendoscopically-confirmedhealedEEfollowing8wkoftreatmentwithvonoprazan20mgoncedaily,wererandomized1:1:1toreceivelansoprazole15mg(n=201),vonoprazan10mg(n=202),orvonoprazan20mg(n=204),oncedaily.Theprimaryendpointofthestudywastherateofendoscopically-confirmedEErecurrenceduringa24-wkmaintenanceperiod.ThesecondaryendpointwastheEErecurrencerateatWeek12duringmaintenancetreatment.Additionalefficacyendpointsincludedtheincidenceofheartburnandacidreflux,andtheEEhealingrate4wkaftertheinitiationofmaintenancetreatment.Safetyendpointscomprisedadverseevents(AEs),vitalsigns,electrocardiogramfindings,clinicallaboratoryresults,serumgastrinandpepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱlevels,andgastricmucosahistopathologyresults.RESULTSRatesofEErecurrenceduringthe24-wkmaintenanceperiodwere16.8%,5.1%,and2.0%withlansoprazole15mg,vonoprazan10mg,andvonoprazan20mg,respectively.Vonoprazanwasshowntobenon-inferiortolansoprazole15mg(P<0.0001forbothdoses).Inapost-hocanalysis,EErecurrenceatWeek24wassignificantlyreducedwithvonoprazanatboththe10mgandthe20mgdosevslansoprazole15mg(5.1%vs16.8%,P=0.0002,and2.0%vs16.8%,P<0.0001,respectively);bycontrast,theEErecurrenceratedidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenthetwodosesofvonoprazan(P=0.1090).Thesafetyprofilesofvonoprazan10and20mgweresimilartothatoflansoprazole15mginpatientswithhealedEE.Treatment-relatedAEswerereportedin11.4%,10.4%,and10.3%ofpatientsinthelansoprazole15mg,vonoprazan10mg,andvonoprazan20mgarms,respectively.CONCLUSIONOurfindingsconfirmthenon-inferiorityofvonoprazan10and20mgtolansoprazole15mgasmaintenancetherapyforpatientswithhealedEE.

简介：用小浪分解和嵌入的阶段空间，脑电图(EEG)的阶段轨道被描述。它基于现在的工作被说明，也就是说，EEG的小浪分解是实质上，EEG混乱引起注意的人的设计由小浪过滤器向量通向小浪空间，它在与一样的EEG嵌入的阶段空间的通讯。换句话说，嵌入的小浪分解和阶段空间在方法论是相等的。我们的试验性的结果证明在小浪空间和嵌入的空间，EEG的阶段轨道的结构类似于对方。这些结果证明那小浪分解在描绘EEG时间系列上是有效的。

简介：AbstractBackground:As reported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified as the causative virus of Wuhan pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January, 2020. The virus was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on 11 February, 2020. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model for calculating the transmissibility of the virus.Methods:In this study, we developed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probably be bats) to the human infection. Since the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir network was hard to explore clearly and public concerns were focusing on the transmission from Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (reservoir) to people, we simplified the model as Reservoir-People (RP) transmission network model. The next generation matrix approach was adopted to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0) from the RP model to assess the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2.Results:The value of R0 was estimated of 2.30 from reservoir to person and 3.58 from person to person which means that the expected number of secondary infections that result from introducing a single infected individual into an otherwise susceptible population was 3.58.Conclusions:Our model showed that the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was higher than the Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Middle East countries, similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome, but lower than MERS in the Republic of Korea.

简介：Propagation-basedphase-contrastimagingwassimulatedbasedonparaxialFresnel-Kirchoffdiffractionintegralandsphericalwaveillumination.Underadevelopedmicro-CTsystemparameters,theeffectsoffocal-spotsizeandimaginggeometryonphase-contrastimaginghavebeeninvestigatedusinga2-mm-thicknesspolystyreneedgephantom.Anequivalentmono-energywasusedtosubstitutethepolychromaticspectrumofthemicro-focusX-raysource.Toconsidereffectsoffocal-spotsizeanddetectorresolution,theobtainedphase-contrastimagewithanidealpointsourcewasconvolvedwithsourceintensitydistributionandpointspreadfunctionofdetector.Simulationsshowreasonableinfluencesofthetwoparameterswhichareingoodagreementwithexperimentalresults.

简介：AbstractBackground:The significant morbidity and mortality resulted from the infection of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) call for urgent development of effective and safe vaccines. We report the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, KCONVAC, in healthy adults.Methods:Phase 1 and phase 2 randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials of KCONVAC were conducted in healthy Chinese adults aged 18 to 59 years. The participants in the phase 1 trial were randomized to receive two doses, one each on Days 0 and 14, of either KCONVAC (5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo. The participants in the phase 2 trial were randomized to receive either KCONVAC (at 5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo on Days 0 and 14 (0/14 regimen) or Days 0 and 28 (0/28 regimen). In the phase 1 trial, the primary safety endpoint was the proportion of participants experiencing adverse reactions/events within 28 days following the administration of each dose. In the phase 2 trial, the primary immunogenicity endpoints were neutralization antibody seroconversion and titer and anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G seroconversion at 28 days after the second dose.Results:In the phase 1 trial, 60 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 24), 10-μg vaccine (n = 24), or placebo (n = 12). In the phase 2 trial, 500 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 100 for 0/14 or 0/28 regimens), 10-μg vaccine (n = 100 for each regimen), or placebo (n = 50 for each regimen). In the phase 1 trial, 13 (54%), 11 (46%), and seven (7/12) participants reported at least one adverse event (AE) after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. In the phase 2 trial, 16 (16%), 19 (19%), and nine (18%) 0/14-regimen participants reported at least one AE after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. Similar AE incidences were observed in the three 0/28-regimen treatment groups. No AEs with an intensity of grade 3+ were reported, expect for one vaccine-unrelated serious AE (foot fracture) reported in the phase 1 trial. KCONVAC induced significant antibody responses; 0/28 regimen showed a higher immune responses than that did 0/14 regimen after receiving two vaccine doses.Conclusions:Both doses of KCONVAC are well tolerated and able to induce robust immune responses in healthy adults. These results support testing 5-μg vaccine in the 0/28 regimen in an upcoming phase 3 efficacy trial.Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx (No. ChiCTR2000038804, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx? proj=62350; No. ChiCTR2000039462, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=63353).

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the efficacy of in-phase and quadrature (IQ) demodulation in electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) to reduce false reports of fetal heart rate (FHR) doubling or halving.Methods:This is a prospective cohort study. A total of 263 full-term pregnant women who delivered at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between August 2019 and July 2020 were prospectively enrolled in the study. FHR monitoring began when the cervix was dilated to 2-3 cm and continued until delivery. Raw fetal Doppler audio signals and internal and external cardiotocography curves from internal electrode monitoring, EFM with conventional demodulation (external), and EFM with IQ demodulation (external) were acquired to compare FHR doubling and halving time. In cohort 1, FHR was compared between IQ demodulation and conventional demodulation. In cohort 2, FHR was compared between IQ demodulation, conventional demodulation, and internal FHR monitoring. Count data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-squared test, and measurement data were statistically analyzed using t-test for correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman analysis for concordance ranges.Results:To compare IQ demodulation and conventional demodulation, 225 pregnant women were monitored for a total of 835,870 seconds. The beat-to-beat interval of FHRs in raw fetal Doppler audio signals was used as the reference. The results showed a doubling time of 3401 seconds (0.407%, 3401/835,870) and a halving time of 2918 seconds (0.349%, 2918/835,870) with conventional demodulation, compared to 241 seconds (0.029%, 241/835,870) and 589 seconds (0.070%, 589/835,870), respectively, with IQ demodulation. IQ demodulation reduced FHR doubling by approximately 93% (3160/3401) and FHR halving by approximately 80% (2329/2918) compared to conventional demodulation (P < 0.01).To compare IQ demodulation, conventional demodulation, and internal FHR monitoring, 38 pregnant women were monitored for a total of 98,561 seconds. FHR from internal electrode monitoring was used as the reference. The results showed a doubling time of 238 seconds (0.241%, 238/98,561) and a halving time of 235 seconds 0.238%, 235/98,561) with conventional demodulation, compared with 30 seconds (0.030%, 30/98,561) and 81 seconds (0.082%, 81/98,561), respectively, with IQ demodulation (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in doubling or halving time between IQ demodulation and internal FHR monitoring (P > 0.05). IQ demodulation was more closely correlated with internal FHR monitoring than conventional demodulation (0.986 vs. 0.947). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the concordance range of IQ demodulation vs. internal FHR monitoring was significantly narrower than that of conventional demodulation vs. internal FHR monitoring ((-5.32,6.01) vs. (-10.87,11.46)).Conclusion:EFM with IQ demodulation significantly reduces false FHR doubling and halving, with an efficacy similar to that of internal FHR monitoring.

简介：Inthisarticle,wepresentanalternativederivationforBronnikov’sreconstructionalgorithminX-rayphasecontrasttomographywithholographicmeasurements.Atwo-stepmethodwasusedinthealternativederivation.ThephaseshiftinducedbytheobjectwasobtainedbyFouriertransformandtherealpartofthecomplexrefractiveindexoftheobjectwasretrievedbyapplyingtheconventionalfilteredbackprojectionmethod.Thealternativederivationprovidesaneasierwaytounderstandthereconstructionformula.

简介：Themajortherapyforischemicstrokeisthrombolytictreatment,butsevereconsequencesoccurwhenthismethodisusedtotreathemorrhagicstroke.Currently,computedtomographyandmagneticresonanceimagingareusedtodifferentiatebetweentwotypesofstroke,butthesetwomethodsarein-effectiveforpre-hospitalcare.

简介：X光检查同轴的阶段对比成像微弱地启用吸收标本与高分辨率和定义成功地被想象。在这篇论文，我们使用计算机模拟方法分析每个参数怎么影响图象的质量。它能避免在实验期间浪费不必要的时间和材料得到理想的图象。

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简介：AbstractThe number of COVID-19 confirmed cases rapidly grew since the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified in late 2019. Due to the high transmissibility of this virus, more countries are experiencing the repeated waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with limited manufacturing and distribution of vaccines, control measures might still be the most critical measures to contain outbreaks worldwide. Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of various control measures is necessary to inform policymakers and improve future preparedness. In addition, there is an ongoing need to enhance our understanding of the epidemiological parameters and the transmission patterns for a better response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This review focuses on how various models were applied to guide the COVID-19 response by estimating key epidemiologic parameters and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures. We also discuss the insights obtained from the prediction of COVID-19 trajectories under different control measures scenarios.

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简介：Objective:Theaimofthisprospective,single-armphaseIItrialwastoconfirmthesafetyandefficacyofneoadjuvantchemotherapy(NAC)usingoxaliplatinpluscapecitabine(CapOX)forpatientswithoperablelocallyadvancedcoloncancer(CC).Methods:Patientswithcomputedtomography-definedT4orlymphnode-positiveCCswereenrolled.Afterradiologicalstaging,patientsweretreatedwithatleast2cyclesofNACconsistingof130mg/m2oxaliplatinond1,plus1,000mg/m2capecitabinetwicedailyfor14devery3weeks,followedbysurgery,andthenwiththerestcyclesofadjuvantchemotherapy.Radiologicalresponsewasevaluatedafter2cyclesofNAC.Tumorresponse,treatmenttoxicity,andsurgicalcomplicationswererecorded.Thepathologicalresponsetotherapywasevaluatedaccordingtothetumorregressiongrade(TRG)score.Theprimaryendpointwaspathologictumorresponse.ThistrialisregisteredinClinicalTrials.gov(No:NCT02415829).Results:Forty-sevenpatientswereenrolledinthestudy.Forty-twopatientscompletedtheplannedtreatments.Thetotalradiologicalresponseratewas68%(32/47),includingcompleteandpartialresponseratesof2%(1/47)and66%(31/47),respectively.Stablediseasewasobservedin32%(15/47)andprogressivediseasewasobservedinnone.Completepathologicresponse,majorregression,andatleastmoderateregressionwereachievedin1(2%),2(4%),and29(62%)patients,respectively.Fourpatientsdevelopedgrade3treatmenttoxicities.Onepatientwithwoundinfectionoccurredafteroperation(1/47,2%).Therewasnotreatment-relateddeath.Conclusions:OurresultssuggestthatNACwithCapOXisaneffectiveandsafetreatmentoptionforpatientswithlocallyadvancedCCs.

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简介：PURPOSE:Todeterminethesafetyandefficacyofgefitinib,anepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(EGFR)tyrosinekinaseinhibitor,incombinationwithradiationfornewlydiagnosedglioblastoma(GBM)patients.METHODSANDMATERIALS:BetweenMarch21,2002,andMay3,2004,RadiationTherapyOncologyGroup(RTOG)0211enrolled31and147GBMpatientsinthephase1and2arms,respectively.Treatmentconsistedofdailyoralgefinitnibstartedatthetimeofconventionalcranialradiationtherapy(RT)andcontinuedpostRTfor18monthsoruntilprogression.Tissuemicroarraysfrom68caseswereanalyzedforEGFRexpression.RESULTS:Themaximumtolerateddose(MTD)ofgefitinibwasdeterminedtobe500mginpatientsonnon-enzyme-inducinganticonvulsantdrugs(non-EIAEDs).Allpatientsinthephase2componentweretreatedatagefitinibdoseof500mg;patientsreceivingEIADSscouldbeescalatedto750mg.Themostcommonsideeffectsofgefitinibincombinationwithradiationweredermatologicandgastrointestinal.Mediansurvivalwas11.5monthsforpatientstreatedperprotocol.Therewasnooverallsurvivalbenefitforpatientstreatedwithgefitinib+RTwhencomparedwithahistoricalcohortofpatientstreatedwithRTalone,matchedbyRTOGrecursivepartitioninganalysis(RPA)classdistribution.Youngeragewassignificantlyassociatedwithbetteroutcome.Perprotocolstratification,EGFRexpressionwasnotfoundtobeofprognosticvalueforgefitinib+RT-treatedpatients.CONCLUSIONS:TheadditionofgefitinibtoRTiswelltolerated.MediansurvivalofRTOG0211patientstreatedwithRTwithconcurrentandadjuvantgefitinibwassimilartothatinahistoricalcontrolcohorttreatedwithradiationalone.

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