简介：Poorpalatabilityisalimitingfactorforreplacingfishmealwithotherproteinsourcesinaquaculture.Thewater-solublemoleculeswithlowmolecularweightsarethemajordeterminantsofthepalatabilityofdiets.Thepresentstudywasconductedtoinvestigatethepalatabilityofwater-solubleextractsfromsingleproteinsource（singleextractpellets）andthemixtureoftheseextractswithdifferentproportions（blendedextractpellets）injuvenileturbot（Scophthalmusmaximus）.Thenaccordingtothepalatabilityofblendedextractpellets,anoptimalmixtureproportionwasselected,andanewproteinsourcemadefromrawproteinmaterialswiththeselectedproportionwasformulatedtoreplacefishmeal.Summarily,thepalatabilityofsingleextractpelletsforturbotwasdescendentfromfishmealtopet-foodgradepoultryby-productmeal,wheatglutenmeal,soybeanmeal,peanutmeal,meatandbonemeal,andcornglutenmeal.Subsequently,accordingtothepalatabilityofsingleextractpellets,52kindsofblendedextractpelletsweredesignedtotesttheirpalatability.Theresultsshowedthatthepelletspresentedremarkablydifferentpalatability,andtheoptimalonewasdiet52（wheatglutenmeal:pet-foodgradepoultryby-productmeal:meatandbonemeal:cornglutenmeal=1:6:1:2）.Thehighestingestionratio（thenumberofpelletsingested/thenumberofpelletsfed）was0.73±0.03,whichwasobservedinDiet52.Thenfiveisonitrogenous（52%crudeprotein）andisocaloric(20kJg-1grossenergy)dietswereformulatedbyreplacing0（control）,35%,50%,65%and80%offishmealwithNo.52blendingproportion.Aftera10-weeksfeedingtrial,aconsistentfeedintakewasfoundamongallreplacementtreatments.Replacementleveloffishmealupto35%didnotsignificantlyinfluencefinalbodyweight,specificgrowthrate,feedefficiencyratio,andproteinefficiencyratioofturbot.Therefore,thewater-solubleextractsofproteinsourcesplayanimportantroleinimprovingthepala

简介：Alaskapollockisanimportantproteinsourcewhichisextensivelyusedinthefoodindustry.Pollockproteinisolates(PPI)withsignificantlyenrichedproteincontentscouldbepreparedusingisoelectricsolubilization/precipitation(ISP)processing;however,thefunctionalpropertiesofthisprocessislimitedbythelargeamountofwater-insolubleproteins.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheinfluenceofhighhydrostaticpressure(HHP)treatmentonthesolubilityandstructuralchangesofPPI.PPIobtainedusingISPistreatedwithhydrostaticpressuresof200,300,400,and500MPaforupto15min,andtheHHP-treatedsampleswereobservedtoexhibitsignificantlyimprovedsolubilities.FurtherbiochemicalassaysrevealthatthecontinuousHHPtreatmentsreducethecontentsoffreesulfhydrylgroupsandpromotetheformationofmacromoleculeswithbetterwatersolubilities,whichmayinducethesolubilityimprovementsoftheHHP-treatedPPI.OurresultsindicatethatHHPcanbeutilizedtoeffectivelypreparehighlywater-solubleAlaskapollockproteininfoodprocessing.

简介：Whitespotsyndromevirus(WSSV)isoneofthemajorshrimppathogenscausinglargeeconomiclossestoshrimpfarming.Inanattempttoidentifytheenvelopeproteinsinvolvedinthevirusinfection,purifiedWSSVvirionsweremixedwiththreeantiseraagainstWSSVenvelopeproteins(VP39,VP124andVP187),individually.Andthentheywereinjectedintramuscularlyintocrayfish(Procambarusclarkii)toconductinvivoneutralizationassays.TheresultsshowedthatforgroupsinjectedwithvirionsonlyandgroupsinjectedwiththemixtureofvirionsandantiserumagainstVP124,thecrayfishmortalitieswere100%and60%onthe8thdaypostinfection,individually.ThevirusinfectioncouldbedelayedorneutralizedbyantibodyagainsttheenvelopeproteinVP124.QuantitativePCRwasusedtofurtherinvestigatetheinfluenceofthreeantiseradescribedaboveonthevirusinfection.TheresultsshowedthattheantiserumagainstVP124couldrestrainthepropagationofWSSVincrayfish.AlloftheresultssuggestedthattheviralenvelopeproteinVP124playedaroleinWSSVinfection.

简介：研究被进行在生长表演，幸存和日语的明显的消化的好坏系数(模数转换器)上在食谱作为鱼粉的代替评估肉和骨头饭和家禽副产品饭(PBM)(MBM)的效果挣扎(Paralichthysolivaceus)。试验性的食谱包括了0%，20%，40%，60%和80%全部的鱼粉的MBM或PBMreplacement分别地。所有食谱是iso含氮的并且isocaloric。Theresults证明没有重要差别(P>0.05)，在生长，在处理之中的性能用鱼粉的0%-60%MBM代替喂了百分比重量获得(WG，%)，身体长度获得(BLG，%)并且当鱼粉被80%MBM代替时，模数转换器显著地减少。Theresult也证明没有重要差别(P>0.05)在生长，在所有处理之中的性能和模数转换器与0%用食谱喂了-有PBM的鱼粉的80%代替。

简介：Thisstudywasconductedtoevaluatetheeffectsofplant/animal(P/A)proteinratios(viz.1∶4,1∶3,1∶2,1∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1)ongrowthperformance,bodycomposition,apparentdigestibilityofdiets,andnonspecificimmunityofjuvenileseacucumber(Apostichopusjaponicus).Seacucumbersweredividedinto21plastictanks,andeachtankwasstockedwith15individuals(initialweight:about23.73g).Eachfeedwasallocatedtothreereplicatesofseacucumbers.Thefeedingexperimentlastedfor50days.Resultsindicatedthatweightgainrate(WGR)andbodywallweight(BWW)significantlyincreasedasdietaryratioofP/Aincreasedfrom1∶4to3∶1,andthendecreasedsignificantlywithfurtherincreaseofthisratio(P<0.05).Thebodywallcoefficient(BWC)showedasimilartendencytoWGRandBWW,butnosignificancewasdetectedamongdietarytreatments(P>0.05).Theapparentdigestibilityofdrymatter,proteinandlipidincreasedwithratioofP/Aincreasingfrom1∶14to2∶1(P<0.05),andthendecreasedwithfurtherincreaseofthisratio.Correspondingly,activitiesoftrypsinandamylaseweresignificantlyincreasedasP/Aincreasedfrom1∶4to2∶1(P<0.05).TheactivitiesofSODandCATshowedasimilartrendwithWGR,withthehighestvalueobservedintheratioof1∶2and1∶1,respectively.ResultsaboveshowedthatmoderateorrelativelyhigherratioofP/Aprotein(1∶1-3∶1)significantlyincreasedthegrowthperformance,apparentdigestibility,andnonspecificimmunityofseacucumber.Thiswillcontributetoimprovingthefeedformulationforjuvenilecucumbers.

简介：ToinvestigatethechangesofthebiochemicalcompositionofAmericanshad(Alosasapidissima)eggsandlarvaeatembryonicandearlylarvalstages,sampleswerecollectedatdifferentdevelopmentstagesfromartificialfertilizationtotheendofyolkabsorptionincluding2h,12hand30hafterfertilizationandnewlyhatchedlarvaeincluding1and3daysafterhatching.Thecompositionoflipid,fattyacids,proteinandaminoacidswereanalyzed.Thecontentoftotalproteinexhibitedadecreasingtrendduringembryogenesisandlarvaldevelopment,andasignificantreductionwasdetectedafterhatching(P<0.05).Thetotallipidcontentremainedrelativestable.Asignificantreductionwasdetectedinalmostallaminoacidsafterhatchingexceptforglycine(P<0.05),whileasignificantdecreasewasfoundinthecontentofcysteine,proline,tyrosine,valine,isoleucine,leucineandphenylalanineduringtheyolk-sacphase(P<0.05).Ontheotherhand,allthegroupsoffattyacidsremainedstableduringtheperiodofembryogenesis.Butafterhatching,asignificantdecreasewasfoundinthecontentofC18:2n-6,C18:3n-6,SFAandratioofEPA/ARA(P<0.05),whileasignificantincreasewasfoundinthecontentofC18:3n-3,C20:4n-6,C22:6n-3andratioofn-3/n-6(P<0.05).Inconclusion,thecombineddatasuggestedthatAmericanshadutilizestheproteincontentaspreferentialenergysubstratesduringembryonicandearlylarvaldevelopmentswithsomespecificityintheconsumptionofdifferentaminoacids.