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简介：消费者们对容易腐烂的食物的质量给予越来越多的注意，它被存储温度主要影响。这份报纸在温度控制下面为容易腐烂的食物论述一个动态定价模型。为了最大化全部的利润，最佳的价格和存储，温度用Pontryagins最大的原则被获得。一个静态的定价模型被提供与动态的作比较。它被动态政策能比静态的使更多的收入成为的一个数字例子显示出。而且，经理的含意被分析，建议方法的有效性被表明。

简介：Thispaperstudiesdynamicpricingandcooperativeadvertisingstrategiesinatwo-memberchannelofdistribution.Weproposedifferentialgamemodelsthatincorporatethecarryovereffectsofadvertisingovertimeforbothmanufacturerandretailer.Twodifferentmodelsarestudied.Firstly,wediscussedanon-cooperativedifferentialgamewhichthemanufacturersupportspartiallythecostofthepromotionactivities.Secondly,bothchannelmemberscooperativelydeterminetheirrespectivestrategies.Inthesetwocases,dynamiccooperativeadvertisingandpricingstrategiesarecharacterized.Thennumericalsimulationmethodisappliedtoanalyzethesensitivityofmainmodelparametersandcomparethemainresultsofthetwomodels.Thesimulationresultsshowthatthecooperativemodelachievesbettercoordinationthanthenon-cooperativemodelwiththefollowingfeatures:allchannelmembersachievehigheradvertisingeffortsandprofitlevelinthecooperativecaseratherthanindienon-cooperativecase.

简介：Inthispaper,weaddressabasicproductionplanningproblemwithpricedependentdemandandstochasticyieldofproduction.Weusepriceandtargetquantityasdecisionvariablestolowertheriskoflowyield.Thevalueofriskcontrolbecomesmoreimportantespeciallyforproductswithshortlifecycle.Thisisbecause,theprofitimplicationsoflowyieldmightbeunbearableintheshortrun.WeapplyConditionalValueatRisk(CVaR)tomodelthe.risk.CVaRmeasureisacoherentriskmeasureandtherebyhavingniceconceptualandmathematicalunderpinnings.Itisalsowidelyusedinpractice.Weconsidertheproblemundergeneraldemandfunctionandgeneraldistributionfunctionofyieldandfindsufficientconditionsunderwhichtheproblemhasauniquelocalmaximum.Wealsobothanalyticallyandnumericallyanalyzetheimpactofparameterchangeontheoptimalsolution.Amongourresults,weanalyticallyshowthatwithincreasingriskaversion,theoptimalpriceincreases.ThisrelationisoppositetothatofinNewsvendorproblemwheretheuncertaintyliesindemandside.

简介：Thispaperconsidersafirmthatsellsadurableproductwithagivenmarketpotential.Thepurposeofthefirmistomaximizeitsprofitbydetermininghowmuchcapacitytoinstallbeforethesaleshorizon,howmanyproductstoproduceinaccordancewiththecapacity,andhowmanyproductstosellbypricing.AppealingtoPontryaginmaximumprincipleincontroltheory,theauthorsobtaintheclosed-formsofalloptimaldecisionsthefirmshouldmake.Furthermore,theoptimalproductionrateandoptimalsalesratearebothequaltothedemandrate,whichiscausedbytheoptimalpricingpolicyduringthewholehorizon,andtheoptimalpricingpathisincreasingwiththecostofinstallingaunitofcapacity.Furthermore,numericalanalysisrevealsthevisualimpressionoftherelationshipoftheparameters.

简介：Thepaperstudieschannelchoicedecisionsinamulti-channelsupplychainunderastrategywherethereisanex-antecommitmentmadeontheretailpricemarkup.Themarketdemandisuncertainanddependentonthepriceandsalesefforts.Theresultsshowthatinanychannelstructure,whenmakingorderdecisionstheretaileronlyexaminesthepriceratioandthefluctuationsizeofrandomdemand,ratherthanthechannelcostandtheretailer’smarketingefficiency.Whentheretailpricerises,themanufactureriswillingtoincreaseinventoryquantityfordirectsales,becausethemanufacturer’sprofitmarginishigherindirectchannel.Theincreaseindemandfluctuationonlyaffectsthedegreeofchannelpreferencebutdoesn’tchangethemanufacturer’schannelchoice.Nomatterinwhichlevelthepriceratiois,whenthesalesefficiencyofretailchannelisnothighorthedemandproportionofdirectchannelislow,themanufacturerandtheretailerwillbebothapttochooseadual-channelstructure.Thenaddingadirectchannelbecomesamarketingstrategy,ratherthanacompetitoroftheretailchannel,andhelpsthesupplychainwinmoremarketdemand.