简介：ApreliminaryorganicgeochemicalstudyshowsthatthesulphideoresfromthehydrothermaldepositoftheOkinawaTrougharegenerallylowinthetotalorganiccarbonandextremelylowinthesolubleorganicmatter.Inthealiphatichydrocarbonfraction,then-alkanesrangefromC15toC35,withusualmaximainthemiddlen-C20regionandstrongodd-carbonnumberpredominancewhenn>C25(CPI=1.2).Thedominantanaloginthearomaticfractionisphenanthrene,apolynucleararomatichydrocarbon,whichprovidesevidenceforhydrothermalactivity.Theorganicmatterderivedmainlyfrommarineplanktonicandterrigenousvascularplantsisentrappedinahigh-temperatureregimesuchasanactivechimneyandcooledquicklyinthesulphideoresontheseafloor.Organicmatterandsulphidesaredefinitelyproductsofahigh-temperaturealteration.ThebiomarkercompoundsindicatethattheoresareformedunderlowEhandpHconditions梐reducingtoanoxicenvironment,whichisfavourableforsulphatestobereducedintosulphidesbybiogenic(bacterial)orabiogenicactivity.

简介：Yangtze平台上的NeoproterozoicDoushantuo形成，华南，从碳酸盐站台与不同沉积相记录沉积继任倾斜，到深海盆，和主机，世界级的磷钙土之一扔。在这些阶层，精致地保存了石块被发现了：Weng“一个生物区系。这研究介绍被联系的碳同位素地球化学从Weng配对碳酸盐和有机物“一个碳酸盐平台的节(Yangtze站台的架，贵州省)从一条转变带的Songtaosection和Nanming节(Yangtze站台的斜坡，贵州省)并且从Yanwutan节(Yangtze站台的盆区域，湖南省)。Yangtze站台上的Environmentalvariations和简历事件在迟了的Neoproterozoic和他们的原因的关系期间被讨论。为碳酸盐和器官的碳的否定的碳同位素价值(meandelta~(13)C_(org)=-35.0每千)从最高Nantuo形成被delta~(13)的全面增加跟随C起来节。碳同位素价值每千为碳酸盐并且在-35.6之间每千每千and3.6在-9.9之间变化并且-21.5每千为器官的碳分别地。更重的delta~(13)C_(carb)价值在器官的碳埋葬建议增加，可能与增加生产率有关(例如Weng“一个生物区系)。从Doushantuo形成的沉积的delta~(13)Cvalues经由斜坡从站台减少了到盆，可能反映有次要的溶解的无机的碳的减少的环境由于更在下初级生产率。这被推出在welling过程，层化结构和热水的爆发上面古典主要是重要机制从Doushantuo形成解释沉积的碳同位素组成。

简介：ThegolddepositsofTriassicperiodinthenorthwesternGuangxiarealllocatedinthemarine,fine-grained,fragmentalrockseriescontainingorganicmatter,i.e.thedistributiondistrictsofblackrockseries.Thefine-grainedgolddepositsoccurinorganicmatter-bearingC,D,E,orD,EdivisionsoftheclassicalBoumasequences.Theevolutiondegreeoforganicmattersthroughoilwindowstagereachedtheover-maturedegree.Boththebio-sourcesoftheorganicmattersandthedistributionofgoldintheorganicmattersdisclosethecloseassociationbetweengold,livingbeingsandorganicmatters.Thethermalevolutionoforganicmattersledtothegoldtobeactivized,migratedandenriched,andfinallyformedgolddepositsinthefaultbeltandcrushedzoneofblackrockseries.

简介：在在煤和煤的器官的功能的组的踪迹元素之间的关系，另外一些芳香的结构，被使用曲线适合红外线的系列调查。簇分析也根据与踪迹元素的器官的组的亲密关系的度被执行。结果证明有可能性，踪迹元素，特别LREE，被绑在中间的等级煤的外部器官的功能的组大分子。绑踪迹元素的最可能的功能的组是氢氧根，并且到更少度，不对称的-CH3并且>拉长的CH2，拉长的-CH3，等等。到不同的功能的组的踪迹元素的亲密关系的度变化。趋势遵守踪迹elements—the的自然结构的变化法律周期的法律。从这个常规趋势的一些踪迹元素的偏差被归因于内在的“confusiondegree”的偏差(常规臼齿的熵)煤盆，它被内部、外部的因素在进化期间影响的事系统。

简介：

简介：在这研究，有机物(OM)和在来自北华南海(SCS)的表面沉积的类脂化合物biomarkers的内容和分发被识别揭示有细密纹理的沉积的来源和运输。有机物和类脂化合物biomarkers在北SCS展出了不同空间变化。来自在西南的台湾的珍珠河和一些多山的河的陆上的分泌物可以在相应的海区域贡献相对高的有机物。不饱和的丰满的酸相当或相同事物的察觉建议了海藻或细菌的OM贡献到表面沉积。类脂化合物biomarkers的composites和分发从陆上的植物显示他们的混合来源，海洋的水藻并且细菌。和在沉积的泥土矿物质composites的证明，结果建议包括广东沿海的水流和自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流电流，水流在北SCS控制陆上的沉积和沉积环境的运输和分发。

简介：Modelinggeomechanicalpropertiesofshalestomakesenseoftheircomplexpropertiesisattheforefrontofpetroleumexplorationandexploitationapplicationandhasreceivedmuchresearchattentioninrecentyears.Ashale'skeygeomechanicalpropertieshelptoidentifyits'fracibility'itsfluidflowpatternsandrates,anditsin-placepetroleumresourcesandpotentialcommercialreserves.Themodelsandtheinformationtheyprovide,inturn,enableengineerstodesigndrillingpatterns,fracture-stimulationprogramsandmaterialsselectionthatwillavoidformationdamageandoptimizerecoveryofpetroleum.Awide-rangeoftools,technologies,experimentsandmathematicaltechniquesaredeployedtoachievethis.Characterizingtheinterconnectedfracture,permeabilityandporositynetworkisanessentialstepinunderstandingashaleshighly-anisotropicfeaturesonmultiplescales(nanotomacro).Well-logdata,anditspetrophysicalinterpretationtocalibratemanygeomechanicalmetricstothosemeasuredinrocksamplesbylaboratorytechniquesplaysakeyroleinprovidingaffordabletoolsthatcanbedeployedcost-effectivelyinmultiplewellbores.Likewise,microseismicdatahelpstomatchfracturedensityandpropagationobservedonareservoirscalewithpredictionsfromsimulationsandlaboratorytestsconductedonidealised/simplifieddiscretefracturenetworkmodels.Shalescomplexwettability,adsorptionandwaterimbibitioncharacteristicshaveasignificantinfluenceonpotentialformationdamageduringstimulationandtheshort-termandlongtermflowofpetroleumachievable.Manygasflowmechanismsandmodelsareproposedtakingintoaccountthemultipleflowmechanismsinvolved(e.g.,desorption,diffusion,slippageandviscousflowoperatingatmultipleporositylevelsfromnano-tomacro-scales).Fittinghistoricalproductiondataandwelldeclinecurvestomodelpredictionshelpstoverifywhethermodel'sgeomechanicalassumptionsarerealisticornot.Thisreviewdiscussesthetechniques

简介：AsshaleexploitationisstillinitsinfancyoutsideNorthAmericamuchresearcheffortisbeingchannelledintovariousaspectsofgeochemicalcharacterizationofshalestoidentifythemostprospectivebasins,formationsandmaptheirpetroleumgenerationcapabilitiesacrosslocal,regionalandbasin-widescales.Themeasurementoftotalorganiccarbon,distinguishingandcategorizingthekerogentypesintermsoil-proneversusgas-prone,andusingvitrinitereflectanceandRock-Evaldatatoestimatethermalmaturityarestandardpracticeintheindustryandappliedtosamplesfrommostwellboresdrilled.Itisthetrendsofstableisotopesratios,particularlythoseofcarbon,thewetnessratio(C1/∑(C2+C3)),andcertainchemicalbiomarkersthathaveprovedtobemostinformativeaboutthestatusofshalesasapetroleumsystem.Thesedatamakeitpossibletoidentifyproduction'sweet-spots',discriminateoil-,gas-liquid-andgas-proneshalesfromkerogencompositionsandthermalmaturities.Rolloversandreversalsofethaneandpropanecarbonisotoperatiosareparticularlyindicativeofhighthermalmaturityexposureofanorganic-richshale.Comparisonsofhopane,streraneandterpanebiomarkerswithvitrinitereflectance(Ro)measurementsofthermalmaturityhighlightdiscrepanciessuggestingthatRoisnotalwaysareliableindicatorofthermalmaturity.Majorandtraceelementinorganicgeochemistrydataandratiosprovidesusefulinformationregardingprovenance,paleoenvironments,andstratigraphic-layerdiscrimination.Thisreviewconsidersthedatameasurement,analysisandinterpretationoftechniquesassociatedwithkerogentyping,thermalmaturity,stableandnon-stableisotopicratiosforrocksandgasesderivedfromthem,productionsweet-spotidentification,geochemicalbiomarkersandinorganicchemicalindicators.Italsohighlightsuncertaintiesanddiscrepanciesobservedintheirpracticalapplication,andthenumerousoutstandingquestionsassociatedwiththem.

简介：最近，在Yaoyingtai的暴烈的煤气的水库()并且Daerhan()在Changling的构造的带()东南的Songliao的指责的消沉()盆被发现了。基于作文和同位素的价值，天然气被甲烷，C2+的低内容，和C1/C15的高内容超过0.95描绘。另外，天然气包含从20%～40%与内容包括二氧化碳的nonhydrocarbons和N2的次要的数量。与同位素的价值结合了，天然气被腐殖的kerogen和导出煤的类型产生，但是在Daerhan，天然气被油类型气体可能混合。从在暴烈的岩石中的岩性学和液体包括的测量，沥青，液体烃，和煤气的烃包括是在场的。通过在暴烈的水库的单个煤气的包括的分析，二氧化碳的内容是低的，因此水库的二氧化碳和烃气体没同时被积累。另外，在水库的沥青的次要的数量被通过biomarkers的描述从Yingcheng(842557CE)形成mudstones采购的原油的热进化形成。homogenization温度的分发与煤气的充满的舞台介绍二座山峰，有充满舞台的液体烃的山峰，和其它。在Daerhan构造的带，然而，第二座山峰是煤气的，二氧化碳混合可能充满时期。与盐水包括，油和煤气的充满时期的homogenization温度结合了从Qingshankou()形成到Nenjiang()在研究区域的形成。在收费时期期间，无机的二氧化碳的次要的数量从Sifangtai的结束充满了进陷井，而是很多的无机的二氧化碳()到Eogene，时期与结构的运动有关。

简介：由细丝状的cyanobacteria，海藻的coenobia和acanthomorphicacritarch组成的器官墙的微化石的一个协会从辣椒山页岩形成(PMSF)的非石灰质的claystones和mudstones被记录了，在辣椒山在它的stratotype区域定位了，它是在波兰的神圣的生气的山的部分。这些沉积代表ysog的最旧的阶层??????????h

简介：Shales,themostabundantofsedimentaryrocks,arevaluedasthesource-rocksandsealstoporouspetroleumreservoirs.Overthepast-twentyyears,organic-richshaleshavealsoemergedasvaluablepetroleumsystems(reservoir,seal,andsourcerockscontainedinthesameformation).Assuchtheyhavebecomeprimarytargetsforpetroleumexplorationandexploitation.ThisPart1ofathree-partreviewaddressesthebulkproperties,multi-scalegeometryandgasadsorptioncharacteristicsofthesediverseandcomplexrocks.Shalesdisplayextremelylowpermeability,andtheirporosityisalsolow,butmulti-scale.Characterizingthegeometryandinterconnectivityofthepore-structureframeworkswiththenatural-fracturenetworkswithinshalesisessentialforestablishingtheirpetroleumexploitationpotential.Organic-richshalestypicallycontaintwodistincttypesofporosity:matrixporosityandfractureporosity.Inadditiontointer-granularporosity,thematrixporosityincludestwotypesofmineral-hostedporosity:inorganic-mineral-hostedporosity(IP);and,organic-matter-hosted(withinthekerogen)porosity(OP).Whereas,thefractureporosityandpermeabilityiscrucialforpetroleumproductionfromshales,itiswithintheOPwhere,typically,muchofthein-situoilandgasresourcesresides,andfromwhereitneedstobemobilized.OPincreasessignificantlyasshalesbecomemorethermallymature(i.e.,withinthegasgenerationzones),andplaysakeyroleintheultimaterecoveryfromshale-gassystems.Shales'methanesorptioncapacities(MSC)tendstobepositivelycorrelatedwiththeirtotalorganiccarboncontent(TOC),thermalmaturation,andmicroporevolume.Claymineralsalsosignificantlyinfluencekeyphysicalpropertiesofshalerelatedtofluidflow(permeability)andresponsetostress(fracability)thatdeterminetheirprospectivityforpetroleumexploitation.Claymineralscanalsoadsorbgas,somemuchbetterthanothers.Thesurfaceareaoftheporestructureofshalescanbepositively