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65 个结果
  • 简介:AlkylatingagentsarechemicallyreactivedrugsthatreactwithDNAtoformcovalentbonds,causingsingle-strandordouble-strandDNAbreaksthatleadtointerstrandandintrastrandDNAcross-linking.Theseagentsareusedextensivelyincancerchemotherapy.Theyhaveasteepdose-responsecurveandarethereforeusefulindoseintensificationstrategies(e,g.inbonemarrowtransplantation).Thesubclassesofalkylatingagentsareasfollows.

  • 标签: 细胞毒素 化学疗法 肿瘤 治疗
  • 简介:Mostcytotoxicchemotherapydrugsexerttheireffectbyinhibitingoneormoreoftheprocessesinvolvedincelldivision.Itappearsthatthefateofcellsdamagedbychemotherapyistodieprimarilybyinductionofapoptosis(prograrmnedcelldeath).Chemotherapyisgenerallyusedtotreatcanceratanadvancedorearlystage.

  • 标签: 细胞毒素 化学疗法 毒副作用 肿瘤 治疗
  • 简介:Epithelialovariancancerisprimarilyadiseaseofolderwomen.Advancedageisriskfactorfordecreasedsurvival.Optimalsurgeryandthesafeandeffectiveadministrationofchemotherapyareessentialforprolongedprogression-freeandoverallsurvival(OS).Inthisarticle,theavailableregimensinboththeprimarytreatmentandrelapsedsettingarereviewed.

  • 标签: 化疗药物 卵巢癌 老年 危险因素 操作系统 生存期
  • 简介:AbstractThe management of pancreatic cancer has dramatically changed since the first major randomized trial published in 2001 by the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC) stimulated the development of multimodality oncosurgical therapies. ESPAC-1 demonstrated a survival improvement from upfront surgery of only 8%, increasing to 21% 5-year survival for 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid but only 10.8% for chemoradiotherapy. ESPAC-4 has shown a 5-year survival rate of 30% for all patients without restriction of 30% using a combination of gemcitabine and capecitabine, rising to 40% in those with an R0 resection margin, or nearly 50% in those with N0 lymph node status. In selected patients with favorable prognostic features mFOLFIRINOX can produce a 50% 5-year survival rate but with added toxicity. While a positive resection margin is associated with an increased likelihood of local recurrence, this of itself is not the contributor to reduced survival, but rather reflects the increased probability of systemic disease. Thus, strategies aimed at local control, may reduce subsequent local progression, but will not improve overall survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly utilized in cases of borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer, but there is still a lack of proof of concept studies. High-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials to identify the indications and benefits of neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer are required. The use of patient-derived tumor organoids may predict response to chemotherapy which could open a new opportunity in pancreatic cancer treatment, stratifying patients into treatment groups based on their response to these therapies in the laboratory.

  • 标签: Adjuvant therapy ESPAC Neoadjuvant therapy Pancreatectomy Pancreatic cancer Randomized trial
  • 简介:Objective:Theexpressionoftumorbiomarkersmaychangeafterchemotherapy.However,whethersecretedproteinacidicandrichincysteine(SPARC)expressionchangesafterchemotherapyingastriccancer(GC)isunclear.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheinfluenceofchemotherapyonSPARCexpressioninGC.Methods:ImmunohistochemistrywasusedtoanalyzeSPARCexpressionin132GCcases(including54caseswithpreoperativechemotherapyand78caseswithoutpreoperativechemotherapy).SPARCexpressionofpostoperativespecimenswithandwithoutpreoperativechemotherapywasassessedtoanalyzetheinfluenceofchemotherapyonSPARCexpression.Results:SPARCwashighlyexpressedinGCcomparedwiththedesmoplasticstromasurroundingtumorcellsandnoncanceroustissues.HighSPARCexpressionwascorrelatedwithinvasiondepth,lymphnode,andTNMstage.Afterchemotherapy,alowerproportionofhighSPARCexpressionwasobservedinpatientswithpreoperativechemotherapythaninthecontrols.For54patientswithpreoperativechemotherapy,grosstype,histology,depthofinvasion,lymphnode,TNMstage,andSPARCexpressionwererelatedtooverallsurvival.Furthermultivariateanalysisshowedthatlymphnode,histology,andSPARCexpressionafterchemotherapywereindependentprognosticfactors.Conclusion:SPARCexpressionmaychangeafterchemotherapyinGC.SPARCexpressionshouldbereassessedforpatientswithGCafterchemotherapy.

  • 标签: SPARC 化疗 胃癌 结缔组织 肿瘤标志物 多变量分析
  • 简介:客观化疗是治疗乳癌的一个有效工具,并且癌症特定的replicative侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌也是最近的年里的一个有希望的反肿瘤代理人。我们表明那个CNHK300罐头的调查目的调停选择的反肿瘤功效并且在HER-2过去表示的乳癌上与化疗生产协同的细胞毒性。我们由把E1A基因放在人的hTERT倡导者的控制下面设计了telomerase依赖的replicative侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌CNHK300的方法。由E1A表示的分析,我们在telomerase积极的乳癌房间然而并非在正常成纤维细胞房间在侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌染色体和E1A的选择表示证明了hTERT倡导者的忠实。由增长测试,我们进一步在正常成纤维细胞房间与显然稀释的增长在乳癌房间显示出CNHK300的有效复制。最后,我们由那个CNHK300病毒引起了有势力细胞溶解并且在正常细胞上与稀释细胞毒性在乳癌房间与化疗生产了协同的细胞毒性的MTT方法示威了。在这个病毒的结果,E1A基因成功地被放在人的hTERT倡导者的控制下面。象野类型的侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌一样高效地复制并且引起了集中的房间在HER-2过去表示的乳癌房间在试管内杀死的CNHK300病毒。相反,telomerase否定的正常成纤维细胞房间,没表示hTERT活动,不能支持CNHK300复制。有paclitaxel的CNHK300的联合治疗在癌症房间上改进了细胞毒性。我们结束那CNHK300的结论能生产选择的反肿瘤功效并且在表示乳癌上在HER-2上提高化疗的在试管内反应。

  • 标签: 溶癌性腺病毒 CNHK300 化疗 综合治疗 增效作用 抗肿瘤效果
  • 简介:目的:研究以黄芪注射液穴位注射配合艾灸疗法对化疗后白细胞减少症患者白细胞数量及细胞免疫的影响。方法:将恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少症患者86例,随机分为黄芪注射液穴位注射配合艾条温和灸治疗组(治疗组)、西药口服组(对照组),分别进行对照治疗,以治疗前后临床症状、外周血白细胞数量、T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+含量的变化为指标进行实验观察。结果:黄芪注射液穴位注射配合艾条温和灸较升白药口服有明显提高外周血白细胞数的作用;前者能提高肿瘤患者外周血T细胞亚群CD3^+、CD4^+含量、使CD4^+/CD8^+比值升高,两组比较有显著性差异(P〈0.01);并且能明显改善全身虚损症状。结论:黄芪注射液穴位注射配合艾条温和灸能有效升高白细胞,改善恶性肿瘤患者的全身症状。

  • 标签: 白细胞减少症 水针 针灸 艾灸
  • 简介:Incomparisonwiththenormalpeoplegroup,valuesofbloodCD2+andCD4+inpa-tientswithmallgnanttumorstreatedwithradiotherapyandchemotherapyweresignificantlylowerandtheratioofCD助+andCD8+decreasedobviously(allP<0.001);CD8+hadnoapparentchange(P>0.05).Followingacupuncturaltreatment,valuesofCD2+,CD4+andtheratioofCD4+toCD8+increasedobviously(allP<0.001);whilethoseofthemedicinalcontrolgrouphadnosignificantchangeaftertreatment(P>0.05).ValuesofIgG,IgAandIgMinpatients’serumpresentedanabnormalde-creasingorincreasingtendency,andC3inminorityofpatientswereraised.ResultsindicatedthattherewasabiphasicregulatoryeffectofacupunctureonthedisturbanceofhumoralimmunityandcouldcorrectthedeviationofC3level;anditseffectwasbetterthanorsimilartothatofthemedicinecontrolgroup.Itdemonstratesthatacupuncturecanenhanceandregulate.theimmunefunctionofpa-tientstreatedwithradiotherapya

  • 标签: RADIOTHERAPY and chemotherapy/side-effects IMMUNE activity ACUPUNCTURE
  • 简介:Objective:Survivalandtreatmentofpatientswithmicroinvasivebreastcancer(MIBC)remaincontroversial.Inthispaper,weevaluatedwhetheradjuvantchemotherapyisnecessaryforpatientswithMIBCtoidentifyriskfactorsinfluencingitsprognosisanddecidetheindicationforadjuvantchemotherapy.Methods:Inthisretrospectivestudy,108patientswithMIBCwererecruitedaccordingtoseventheditionofthestagingmanualoftheAmericanJointCommitteeonCancer(AJCC).Thesubjectsweredividedintochemotherapyandnon-chemotherapygroups.Wecomparedthe5-yeardisease-freesurvival(DFS)andoverallsurvival(OS)ratesbetweengroups.Furthermore,weanalyzedthefactorsrelatedtoprognosisforpatientswithMIBCusingunivariateandmultivariateanalyses.Wealsoevaluatedtheimpactofadjuvantchemotherapyontheprognosticfactorsbysubgroupanalysisaftermedianfollow-uptimeof33months(13-104months).Results:The5-yearDFSandOSratesforthechemotherapygroupwere93.7%and97.5%,whereasthoseforthenonchemotherapygroupwere89.7%and100%.Resultsindicatethat5-yearDFSwassuperior,butOSwasinferior,intheformergroupcomparedwiththelattergroup.However,nostatisticalsignificancewasobservedinthe5-yearDFS(P=0.223)orOS(P=0.530)rateofthetwogroups.Mostrelevantpoor-prognosticfactorswereKi-67overexpressionandnegativehormonalreceptors.Cumulativesurvivalwas98.2%vs.86.5%betweenlowKi-67(≤20%)andhighKi-67(>20%).ThehazardratioofpatientswithhighKi-67was16.585[95%confidenceinterval(CI),1.969-139.724;P=0.010].Meanwhile,ER(-)/PR(-)patientswithMIBChadcumulativesurvivalof79.3%comparedwith97.5%forER(+)orPR(+)patientswithMIBC.ThehazardratioforER(-)/PR(-)patientswithMIBCwas19.149(95%CI,3.702-99.057;P<0.001).SubgroupanalysisshowedthatchemotherapycouldimprovetheoutcomesofER(-)/PR(-)patients(P=0.014),butnotthosewhooverexpressKi-67(P=0.105).Conclusions:PatientswithMIBCwhooverexpressKi-67and

  • 标签: 微创手术 乳腺癌 患者 化疗 危险因素 激素受体
  • 作者: Yang Guang Fang Jugao Shi Qiang Wang Ru Lian Meng Ma Hongzhi Feng Ling Shen Xixi Wang Yu
  • 学科: 医药卫生 >
  • 创建时间:2020-08-10
  • 出处:《世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志英文版》 2020年第01期
  • 机构:Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical Universit, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Former 263 ClinicalCenter of People’s Liberation ArmyGeneral Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, 100730, China,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical Universit, Beijing, 100730, China; Key Laboratory of OtOlaryngology Head and Neck Surgery(Captical Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical Universit, Beijing, 100730, China,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Former 263 ClinicalCenter of People’s Liberation ArmyGeneral Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, 100730, China
  • 简介:AbstractObjective:To investigate the expressions of MAPK10, c-Jun and Itga6 in laryngeal carcinoma and its influence on the sensitivity to docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) chemotherapy.Methods:Fifty-seven patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma, who were treated by two cycles of TPF induction chemotherapy in our hospital, were enrolled in this study and divided into groups by chemotherapy resistance or chemotherapy sensitivity. The expressions of mRNA and protein of MAPK10, c-Jun and Itga6 in tumor tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The consistency of mRNA and protein expressions was tested, and the relation with the clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results:The positive rates of MAPK10 andc-Jun in the tumor tissues of the sensitive group were significantly higher than those of there assistant group, which was 90.48% and 100.00%, respectively. The expression rate of Itga6 was significantly higher in the resistant group, which was 83.33% (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of MAPK10 and c-Jun were significantly lower in the resistant group than in the sensitive group, whilethemRNA levelof Itga6was significantly higher in the resistant group (P < 0.05). The protein expressions of MAPK10, c-Jun and Itga6 were consistent with their mRNA expressions (P < 0.05). The expressions of MAPK10, c-Jun and Itga6 were not correlatedwithage, gender and tumor diameter (P > 0.05). However, the expressions of MAPK10 and c-Jun were negatively correlated withclinical stage and pathological grading (P < 0.05). Negative correlations between MAPK 10 and Itga6, and between c-Jun and Itga6in tumor tissues were found by Spearman’srank correlation coefficient (P < 0.05). The correlation was also negative in the resistant tumor tissues (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The MAPK10 and c-Jun expressions were down-regulated, while the Itga6 expression was up-regulated in the chemo-resistant laryngeal carcinoma, and the expression levels of different factors were correlated witheach other. These factorsmight be important biomarkers for predicting outcomes of TPF chemotherapy in laryngeal carcinoma in the future.

  • 标签: Larynx carcinoma Drug resistance MAPK10 c-Jun Itga6
  • 简介:摘要:在中介或先进的胰腺的头癌上改进辩解的效果。方法:手术与intermediated或先进的胰腺的头癌在26个病人被动。在癌上与一根电子横梁与intraoperative放射疗法相结合的Cholecystojejunostomy或choledochojejunostomy从1996年5月被执行到1998年5月。同时,多功能的可植入的药交货系统的导管为手术后的灌注化疗经由胃与十二指肠的动脉被插入。结果:327月后续调查建议肿瘤在治疗的功课以后在不同的度缩小了。所有病人疼痛被减轻。6月、12月、24月的幸存率是100%,93.9%和20%分别地。5个死了的病人的平均幸存时间是17.8个月。结论:这操作是很完成与中介或先进的胰腺的头癌延长病人的生活。

  • 标签: PANCREATIC CARCINOMA RADIOTHERAPY Operation PERFUSION CHEMOTHERAPY
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  • 简介:Autoimmunehepatitis(AIH)hasrarelybeendescribedasanautoimmuneparaneoplasticsyndromeofthymoma.ThiscaseistheseventhcaseofAIHrevealedbycholestasisfewyearsafterthediagnosisofthymomaandthefirstcasetreatedwithchemotherapyalone.Wereportinthispaperanewapproachtothisrareseverecondition.A29year-oldmanpresentedwithchestpainanddyspneawithahistoryofthymomasurgicallyremoved4yearsago.CTscanshowedtherecurrenceofananteriormediastinalmass.Biologyshowedelevatedliverenzymesandprofoundcholestasis.Nosignofviralortoxichepatitisorbileductabnormalitieswereobserved.Autoimmuneantibodies,exceptfortheanti-nuclearantibody,werenegative.LiverbiopsyshowedactivechronicAIH.ThepatientwasdiagnosedwithrecurrentthymomawithAIHandunderwent6cyclesofchemotherapy.Acompleteresponseonthymomaandcholestasiswasobtainedafter10monthsoffollow-up.SteroidsandimmunosuppressorsarethestandardtreatmentforAIH.Theeffectofchemotherapyasaspecifictreatmentofthisparaneoplasticsyndromeneedstobeconsidered.

  • 标签: 自身免疫性 毒性肝炎 胸腺 化疗 复习 文献
  • 简介:CHAARTED是在荷尔蒙敏感的前列腺癌症独自除了雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT)对ADT与docetaxel的使用看早化疗的带ECOG的阶段III试用。在与ADT收到了化疗的那些在全面幸存显示出显著改进的试用的积极结果革命化了变形阉割敏感的前列腺癌症的治疗。除了全面幸存,第二等的端点象阉割抵抗的时间那样,PSA反应为收到了早化疗的病人也是重要的。

  • 标签: 前列腺癌 雄激素 化疗 敏感 早期 时间
  • 简介:Advancedgastriccancer(GC)hasbeenrecognizedaslethaldiseasewhenperitonealmetastases(PM)occurred.ThereisnostandardtreatmentforadvancedGCwithPM.Until1980s,thetherapeuticarenaforthesepatientshadremainedstagnant,withnotherapeuticapproachhavingshownasurvivalgaininGCwithPM.However,cytoreductivesurgery(CRS)withperitonectomyproceduresandintraperitonealchemotherapy(IPC)promisingnewcombinedtherapeuticapproachtoachievediseasecontrolforGCwithPM.TherecentpublicationschangedtheGCwithPMtreatmentlandscapebyprovidinganevidencethatCRSandIPCledtoprolongationinoverallsurvival(OS).ThisreviewwillprovideanoverviewoftheevolvingroleofCRSandIPCinthemanagementofadvancedGCwithPMinthecurrentera.

  • 标签: 管理 胃癌 化疗 联合治疗 腹膜 腔内
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  • 简介:AbstractImportance:In low resource countries, there has been scarcity of research on the risk factors associated with neutropenic enterocolitis, a serious complication that commonly develops during treatment of cancer patients.Objective:To identify the pattern of intestinal complications in pediatric leukemia patients treated with intensive chemotherapy, including those with neutropenic enterocolitis; to assess the outcome; and to evaluate the risk factors associated with the mortality in these patients.Methods:During the period from June 2015 to December 2016, a prospective study was carried out on pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia who received induction/or re-induction phases of chemotherapy at South Egypt Cancer Institute. Patients with documented episodes of intestinal complications were included in the study. Recovery or death from an episode of intestinal complication was utilized as the primary outcome measure for the study. Using univariable and multivariable methods, potential risk factors associated with mortality were delineated by logistic regression analysis, both for the entire intestinal complications episodes as a whole and for those episodes of neutropenic enterocolitis only.Results:Out of 88 documented episodes of intestinal complications from 77 patients; 58 episodes were identified as neutropenic enterocolitis from 47 patients. In those patients who were having episodes of neutropenic enterocolitis, the presence of abdominal tenderness (OR 4.529, 95%CI 1.062-19.317, P = 0.041); a longer duration of neutropenia (OR 1.215, 95%CI 1.030-1.434, P = 0.021); and hemodynamic instability (OR 17.023, 95%CI 4.095-70.772, P < 0.001), were found to be independently associated with worse outcome.Interpretation:In Upper Egypt, the use of intensive systemic chemotherapy during the induction phase of acute leukemia was found to be associated with potentially lethal intestinal complications. A high index of clinical suspicion is warranted.

  • 标签: Neutropenic enterocolitis Acute leukemia Induction chemotherapy Intestinal complication Pediatric oncology
  • 简介:AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the digestive system and are not sensitive to traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, historically, surgical resection was the only effective therapy. However, the emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the treatment of GISTs, because they target c-Kit and PDGF receptor-α (PDGFRA), which are important in GIST development and progression. As research into c-Kit and PDGFRA continues, an increasing number of different TKIs are being used in the clinical setting. This review aims to discuss the current state of chemotherapy for the treatment of GISTs with different genotypes.

  • 标签: chemotherapy gastrointestinal stromal tumor genotype treatment tyrosine kinase inhibitor