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简介：PelagicmanganesenodulesfromtheEastPacificOceanhavebeenstudiedusingpolarizing,scanningelectronandtransmissionelectronmicroscopes.Ithasbeenrevealedthatthemanganesenodulesarecomposedofcoresandstromatolitecoatings.Thestructuresandtexturesofthesenodulesarepeculiartooncolite.Consequently,thepelagicmanganesenodulesaremanganeseoncolites.Basedonthestromatolitesinthecoatings,themanganeseoncolitesfromtheEastPaci-ficOceancanbedividedintotwotypes.Oneissmoothonsurfaceanddenseinside.ItscoatingsarecomposedmainlyofMinima.Theotherhasaknobbysurfaceandislooseinternally.ItscoatingsconsistmainlyofAdmirabilis.TheTEMinvestigationhasalsorevealedthatthecon-structorsofthemanganeseoncolitesareultra-microbes.TheMinimaisconstructedbyMiniactinomyceschinensissp.nov.andtheAdmirabilisisbuiltbySpirisosphaerosporapacificasp.nov.

简介：ManganesenodulesinareasCPandCCofthecentralPacificarerichinREE.Comparativelyspeaking,theREEcontentsofnodulesinareaCParehihgerthanthoseinareaCC;andtheREEcontentsofnodulesfromseamountsarehigherthanthoseofnodulesfromsea-floorplainsandhills.Withinthenodules,theREEshowazonaldistribution.TheREEdistributionpatternsofthenodulesaresimilartothoseofthesedimentsandhaveamirrorimagerelationshipwiththoseoftheseawater.TrivalentREEwerenotobviouslydifferenti-atedwhentheyenteredintothenodulesfromtheseawater.AmajorfactorcausingthedifferenceofREEabundancesbetweennodulesandsedimentsistheredoxconditions.TheredoxintensityoftheoceanfloorofthePacificiscontrolledmainlybyAntarcticBottomWat-er(AABW),Theiron-bearingfaciesinthenodulesisthemaincarrierofREE.

简介：Objective:Toexploretheroleofthetexturefeaturesofimagesinthediagnosisofsolitarypulmonarynodules(SPNs)indifferentsizes.Materialsandmethods:Atotalof379patientswithpathologicallyconfirmedSPNswereenrolledinthisstudy.TheyweredividedintothreegroupsbasedontheSPNsizes:≤10,11-20,and>20mm.Theirtexturefeaturesweresegmentedandextracted.ThedifferencesintheimagefeaturesbetweenbenignandmalignantSPNswerecompared.TheSPNsinthesethreegroupsweredeterminedandanalyzedwiththetexturefeaturesofimages.Results:These379SPNsweresuccessfullysegmentedusingthe2DOtsuthresholdmethodandtheself-adaptivethresholdsegmentationmethod.ThetexturefeaturesoftheseSPNswereobtainedusingthemethodofgreylevelco-occurrencematrix(GLCM).Ofthese379patients,120hadbenignSPNsand259hadmalignantSPNs.Theentropy,contrast,energy,homogeneity,andcorrelationwere3.5597±0.6470,0.5384±0.2561,0.1921±0.1256,0.8281±0.0604,and0.8748±0.0740inthebenignSPNsand3.8007±0.6235,0.6088±0.2961,0.1673±0.1070,0.7980±0.0555,and0.8550±0.0869inthemalignantSPNs(allP<0.05).Thesensitivity,specificity,andaccuracyofthetexturefeaturesofimageswere83.3%,90.0%,and86.8%,respectively,forSPNssized≤10mm,andwere86.6%,88.2%,and87.1%,respectively,forSPNssized11-20mmand94.7%,91.8%,and93.9%,respectively,forSPNssized>20mm.Conclusions:Theentropyandcontrastofmalignantpulmonarynoduleshavebeendemonstratedtobehigherincomparisontothoseofbenignpulmonarynodules,whiletheenergy,homogeneitycorrelationofmalignantpulmonarynodulesarelowerthanthoseofbenignpulmonarynodules.Thetexturefeaturesofimagescanreflectthetissuefeaturesandhavehighsensitivity,specificity,andaccuracyindifferentiatingSPNs.ThesensitivityandaccuracyincreaseforlargerSPNs.更多还原

简介：AbstractBackground:Computed tomography images are easy to misjudge because of their complexity, especially images of solitary pulmonary nodules, of which diagnosis as benign or malignant is extremely important in lung cancer treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more effective strategy in lung cancer diagnosis. In our study, we aimed to externally validate and revise the Mayo model, and a new model was established.Methods:A total of 1450 patients from three centers with solitary pulmonary nodules who underwent surgery were included in the study and were divided into training, internal validation, and external validation sets (n = 849, 365, and 236, respectively). External verification and recalibration of the Mayo model and establishment of new logistic regression model were performed on the training set. Overall performance of each model was evaluated using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Finally, the model validation was completed on the validation data set.Results:The AUC of the Mayo model on the training set was 0.653 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.613-0.694). After re-estimation of the coefficients of all covariates included in the original Mayo model, the revised Mayo model achieved an AUC of 0.671 (95% CI: 0.635-0.706). We then developed a new model that achieved a higher AUC of 0.891 (95% CI: 0.865-0.917). It had an AUC of 0.888 (95% CI: 0.842-0.934) on the internal validation set, which was significantly higher than that of the revised Mayo model (AUC: 0.577, 95% CI: 0.509-0.646) and the Mayo model (AUC: 0.609, 95% CI, 0.544-0.675) (P < 0.001). The AUC of the new model was 0.876 (95% CI: 0.831-0.920) on the external verification set, which was higher than the corresponding value of the Mayo model (AUC: 0.705, 95% CI: 0.639-0.772) and revised Mayo model (AUC: 0.706, 95% CI: 0.640-0.772) (P < 0.001). Then the prediction model was presented as a nomogram, which is easier to generalize.Conclusions:After external verification and recalibration of the Mayo model, the results show that they are not suitable for the prediction of malignant pulmonary nodules in the Chinese population. Therefore, a new model was established by a backward stepwise process. The new model was constructed to rapidly discriminate benign from malignant pulmonary nodules, which could achieve accurate diagnosis of potential patients with lung cancer.

简介：在polymetallic小瘤和海底山合作富人外壳的深海的矿物质是不仅由矿化作用而且由包含微生物(biomineralization)的生物学上驾驶的过程形成了。在polymetallic小瘤以内，免费生活并且形成biofilm细菌为锰免职提供矩阵，并且在海底山合作富人外壳中，coccolithophores代表为起始的锰免职充当简历种子的主导的有机体。这些(简历)矿物质是经济地重要的：锰是一个重要alloying部件和除了被使用的特殊的钢的钴形式部分，与另外的稀罕金属一起，在血浆屏幕，硬盘磁铁和混合汽车马达。在我们在这些金属的丰富的器官的矩阵的参予的理解的最近的进步可能为biotechnological应用的可行性研究提供基础。

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简介：Objective:BethesdaSystemforReportingThyroidCytopathology(BSRTC)categoriesⅠ,Ⅲ,andⅤaccountforasignificantproportionoffineneedleaspirationcytology(FNAC)diagnoses.ThisstudyaimedtocomparethediagnosticefficacyofBRAFV600EmutationandtheThyroidImagingReportingandDataSystem(TIRADS)classificationindifferentiatingpapillarythyroidcancers(PTCs)frombenignlesionsamongBSRTCI,III,andVnodules.Methods:Atotalof472patientswith479noduleswereenrolledinthisprospectivestudy.Ultrasound,BRAFV600Emutationtesting,andFNACwereperformedineachnodule,followedbysurgeryorregularultrasoundexamination.Results:IntheBSRTCIcategory,BRAFV600Eshowedsimilarsensitivity,higherspecificity,andloweraccuracywhencomparedwithTIRADS.IntheBSRTCIII/Vcategory,thesensitivity,specificity,andaccuracyofBRAFV600EweresimilartothoseofTIRADS.IncomparisontoBRAFV600Ealone,thecombinationofthetwomethodssignificantlyimprovedsensitivity(BSRTCⅠ:93.6%vs.67.7%,P<0.01;BSRTCⅢ:93.8%vs.75.0%,P<0.01;BSRTCV:96.0%vs.85.3%,P<0.001).WhencomparedwithTIRADSalone,thecombinationimprovedsensitivityinBSRTCⅠnodules(93.6%vs.74.2%,P<0.05),increasedsensitivityanddecreasedaccuracyinBSRTCIIInodules(93.8%vs.75.0%,P<0.01,91.0%vs.93.6%,P<0.01),andimprovedbothsensitivityandaccuracyinBSRTCVnodules(96.0%vs.82.0%,P<0.001;94.2%vs.81.3%,P<0.001).Conclusions:BRAFV600EexhibitedhigherspecificityandloweraccuracycomparedwithTIRADSinBSRTCⅠnodules,whilethetwomethodsshowedsimilardiagnosticvalueinBSRTCⅢ/Ⅴnodules.ThecombinationofthetwomethodsdistinctlyimprovedsensitivityinthediagnosisofPTCsinBSRTCⅠ,Ⅲ,andⅤnodules.

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简介：Objective:Toassessifdiffusion-weightedmagneticresonance(MR)imagingwithoutapparentdiffusioncoefficient(ADC)valuesprovidesaddeddiagnosticvalueincombinationwithconventionalMRimaginginthedetectionandcharacterizationofsmallnodulesincirrhoticliver.Methods:Twoobserversretrospectivelyandindependentlyanalyzed86nodules(≤3cm)certifiedpathologicallyin33patientswithlivercirrhosis,including48hepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)nodules,13high-gradedysplasticnodules(HDN),10low-gradedysplasticnodules(LDNs)and15otherbenignnodules.AllthesefocalnoduleswereevaluatedwithconventionalMRimages(T1-weighted,T2-weightedanddynamicgadolinium-enhancedimages)andbreath-holddiffusion-weightedimages(DWI)(b=500s/mm2).Thenoduleswereclassifiedbyusingascaleof1-3(1,notseen;3,wellseen)onDWIforqualitativeassessment.Thesesmallnoduleswerecharacterizedbytworadiologists.ADCvaluesweren’tmeasured.ThediagnosticperformanceofthecombinedDWI-conventionalimagesandtheconventionalimagesalonewasevaluatedusingreceiveroperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curves.Theareaunderthecurves(Az),sensitivityandspecificityvaluesforcharacterizingdifferentsmallnoduleswerealsocalculated.Results:Among48HCCnodules,33(68.8%)weregradedas3(wellseen),6(12.5%)weregradedas2(partiallyobscured),and9weren’tseenonDWI.Among13HDNs,therewere3(23.1%)and4(30.8%)gradedas3and2respectively.Five(50%)of10benignnoduleswerepartiallyobscuredandslightlyhyperintense.For86nodules,theaveragediagnosticaccuracyofcombinedDWI-conventionalimageswas82.56%,whichwasincreasedsignificantlycomparedwithconventionalMRimageswith76.17%.ForHCCandHDN,thediagnosticaccuracyofcombinedDWI-conventionalimagesincreasedfrom78.69%to86.07%.Conclusions:Diffusion-weightedMRimagingdoesprovideaddeddiagnosticvalueinthedetectionandcharacterizationofHDNandHCC,anditmaynotbehelpfulforLDNandregenerativenodule(RN)incirrhot

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简介：从一个锰小瘤的层从菲律宾的海挖出(16°56′N，129°48′E；水深度，5700m)并且45个体积小瘤从近海Minami-Torishima岛，日本(23°3′N，153°22′E；水深度，1200m)化学上被分析，他们的起源基于geochemical限制被讨论。一般来说，，Cu，Ni，Zn和瞬间趋于与增加Mn内容增加元素(REE)少些显示出的公司，Pb，Ba，V，Sc，Th，和稀土元素有增加Mn内容的变化。来自菲律宾的海的小瘤42H有平均Mn/Fe比率结束到1并且显示出一个积极Ce异例，建议占优势的氢的起源。230Th前和230Th前/232在小瘤42H的外部∼0.3公里的Th比率显示∼1.7mm/Myr的稳定的生长率。小瘤E30从近海Minami-Torishima被更低的Mn，Fe，Mn/Fe(0.53)和Mo/V(0.2)比率描绘但是更高的P和Cu/Ni(0.31)相对来自那个区域的另外的小瘤的比率。E30的Ce内容是不平常地低的(82ppm)什么时候与来自区域和它的另外的小瘤相比是唯一的小瘤，与一个否定Ce异例(−0.64)分析了。把那个大多数基于我们建议的geochemical数据小瘤从近海除了E30，Minami-Torishima主要具有氢的起源，它被热水的输入，和E45统治，它关于35%热水的贡献有。

简介：AIM：Toestablishaprognosticformulathatdistinguishesnon-hypervascularhepaticnodules（NHNs）withhigheraggressivenessfromlesshazardousone.METHODS：Seventy-threeNHNsweredetectedingadoliniumethoxybenzyldiethylene-triamine-pentaaceticacidmagneticresonanceimaging（Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI）studyandconfirmedtochange2mmormoreinsizeand/ortogainhypervascularity.Allimageswereinterpretedindependentlybyanexperienced,board-certifiedabdominalradiologistandhepatologist;bothknewthatthepatientswereatriskforhepatocellularcarcinomadevelopmentbutwereblindedtotheclinicalinformation.AformulapredictingNHNdestinywasdevelopedusingageneralizedestimatingequationmodelwiththirteenexplanatoryvariables：age,gender,backgroundliverdiseases,Child-Pughclass,NHNdiameter,T1-weightedimaging/T2-weightedimagingdetectability,fatdeposition,lowersignalintensityinarterialphase,lowersignalintensityinequilibriumphase,α-fetoprotein,des-γ-carboxyprothrombin,α-fetoprotein-L3,andcoexistenceofclassicalhepatocellularcarcinoma.Theaccuracyoftheformulawasvalidatedinbootstrapsamplesthatwerecreatedbyresamplingof1000iterations.RESULTS：Duringamedianfollow-upperiodof504d,73NHNswithamediandiameterof9mm（interquartilerange：8-12mm）greworshrankby68.5%（fiftynodules）or20.5%（fifteennodules）,respectively,whereashypervascularitydevelopedin38.4%（twentyeightnodules）.Inthefifteenshranknodules,twelvenodulesdisappeared,while11.0%（eightnodules）werestableinsizebutacquiredvascularity.AgeneralizedestimatingequationanalysisselectedfiveexplanatoriesfromthethirteenvariablesassignificantfactorstopredictNHNprogression.Theestimatedregressioncoefficientswere0.36forage,6.51forlowersignalintensityinarterialphase,8.70or6.03forpositivityofhepatitisBvirusorhepatitisCvirus,9.37fordes-γ-carboxyprothrombin,and-4.05forfatdeposition.Aformulaincorpora

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简介：【摘要】目的 分析肺磨玻璃结节定位时CT引导下穿刺针的应用效果 。方法 选取2022年8月-2023年8月肺结节活检病例60例，观察其在CT引导下穿刺针定位效果。结果  60例肺结节活检病例中，定位成功、术后气胸、肺内出血、术后疼痛、胸膜反应等几率分别是98%、1.67%、1.67%、3.33%、1.67%。结论 于GGN定位上用CT引导下穿刺针，其成功率高、操作便捷、时间短，且手术精准度高，充分体现其应用价值，可继续应用、推广。