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简介：在自然，微生物涉及岩石捱过，在从矿物质的金属的动员，并且在金属降水和免职。这些微生物原则和过程能被改编对待微粒固体浪费。特别从金属珍视获得的稳固的矿物质(沥滤的称为的简历)的金属的微生物增溶是在采矿工业的一种著名技术。我们这里集中于非采矿矿物质浪费为包含金属的稳固的浪费的处理表明基于采矿的技术的适用性。从微粒苍蝇灰的在案例研究介绍的、微生物引起的金属动员(从市政的稳固的浪费焚化发源)而铅，铬，和镍被2，11和32%分别地动员，由Acidithiobacilli导致了>80%的镉，铜，和锌动员。另外，形成HCN细菌的潜力(Chromobacteriumviolaceum，Pseudomonasfluorescens)当面对稳固的材料成长时，被调查动员金属(例如，包含铜的矿石，电子碎片，花的汽车催化变换器)。C。violaceum从有细密纹理的镍粉末作为tetracyanonickelate动员镍被发现有能力。黄金是微生物引起地是的solubilized从电子废物的dicyanoaurate。另外，氰化物建筑群铜在切碎的打印电路板碎片的生物处理期间被检测。水溶性的铜和铂氰化物也在花的汽车的处理期间被检测催化变换器。

简介：translational以后修正对蛋白质稳定性并且到蛋白质活动的调整中央。蛋白质修正的各种各样的类型例如phosphorylation，methylation，acetylation，myristoylation，glycosylation，和ubiquitination，被报导了。在他们之中，ubiquitination把自己与其它区分开来因为大多数ubiquitinated蛋白质为降级被指向到26Sproteasome。ubiquitin/26Sproteasome系统在房间组成主要蛋白质降级小径。在最近的年里，在众多的真核细胞的细胞的函数的控制的ubiquitination机械的重要性逐渐地被欣赏了。增加E3ubiquitinligases和他们的底层的数字，包括许多必要细胞的管理者被识别了。过去的几年里的研究表明了ubiquitination系统为大量植物是重要的发展过程和回答到不能生活、关於生命的压力。这评论从在植物微生物相互作用起重要作用的植物和病原体在联系ubiquitination的蛋白质的功能的分析讨论最近的进展。

简介：Basedon3DBiot’sconsolidationtheoryandnonlinearDuncan-Chang’smodel,a3DFEM(finiteelementmethod)programisdevelopedconsideringthecouplingofgroundwaterseepageandsoilskeletondeformationduringexcavation.Thecomparisonbetweentheanalysisresultconsideringthevariationofwaterheaddifferenceandthatwithoutconsideringitshowsthattheporewaterpressuredistributionoftheformerisdistinctlydifferentfromthatofthelatterandthatthefoundationpitde-formationsoftheformerarelargerthanthoseofthelatter,sothattheresultwithoutconsideringthevariationofwaterheaddif-ferenceisunreliable.Thedistributionrulesofsoilhorizontalandverticaldisplacementsaroundthepitandexcessporewaterpressureareanalyzedindetailintimeandspace,whichisverysignificantforguidingundergroundengineeringconstructionandensuringenvironmentsafetyaroundthepit.

简介：Anewtypeofelectrochemicaloscillationinducedbysurfactantwasobservedinexperiments.TheelectrochemicalsystemisaDaniellcellwithacopperrodinCuSO4aqueousandanaluminumrodinAl(NO3)3aqueousaselectrodes.ThesurfactantsareCTAB,TX-100,SLS.Theadditionoftracesurfactantsolutionbyamicro-syringemadetheoriginalmonotonouslychangingelectrochemicalsystemproduceobviousperiodicphenomena.Atthemeantime,thecopperionselectiveelectrodeandHg2SO4referenceelectrodewereusedtomonitorthecopperelectrodereactionanddetermineitsrateconstantkoffirstorderreaction.Accordingtotheexperimentalresultsofelectrodereactionkinetics,thepossiblemechanismwasfoundtobethepolarizationinducedfromthedirectionaladsorptionoftracesurfactantontheelectrodesurface.Thatistheelectrochemicaloscillations.

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简介：让Gn，d是有n顶点的一张随机的d常规的图，在此d=o(n)。给一张固定的图H，YH在Gn，d。在这篇论文，作者决定事件的阀值“YH>0'，并且也在阀值间隔内获得劝诱的潜水艇图计数。

简介：K.J.,K.W. and K.R. Lees,we determined whether isoflurane preconditioning reduced glutamate receptor over-stimulation-induced neuronal death. Our results showed that isoflurane preconditioning reduced the neuronal death caused by over-stimulation of the major glutamate receptors [12]. Kapinya et al should be credited as the first group to show that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of neuroprotection [13]. Our in vivo study showed that this protection was mediated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 [14]. The isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells involved the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-early growth response gene 1-Bcl-2 pathway activation [15]. Our in vivo study also showed that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of protection in immature brains [16]. This protection was sustained even when animals were examined at one month after the brain ischemia [17]. In summary

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简介：Asimulationiscarriedoutforthepressurefluctuationdrivenbythewaterhammer,basedonajointuseoftheonedimensionalmethodofcharacteristics(MOC)andthethree-dimensionalfinitevolumemethod(FVM).Thethree-dimensionalvisualizationofthecavitationinducedbythewaterhammerisimplemented,andthetemporalandspatialanalysesofextremeregionsaremade.Apracticalcaseofthewaterhammer,withtheminimumboundarypressurehigherthanthesaturatedvaporpressurecondition,issimulated.Thesimulationpredictionthatthecavitationwouldoccurinthefrontofthegasketcouldservesomeguidelinefortheoptimizationofindustrialdesigns.

简介：ThisarticlepresentstheresultsofanumericalsimulationonthevortexinducedvibrationofvariousfinnedcylindersatlowReynoldsnumber.Thenon-dimensional,incompressibleNavier-Stokesequationsandcontinuityequationwereadoptedtosimulatethefluidaroundthecylinder.Thecylinder(withorwithoutfins)influidflowwasapproximatedasamass-springsystem.Thefluid-bodyinteractionofthecylinderwithfinsanduniformflowwasnumericallysimulatedbyapplyingthedisplacementandstressiterativecomputationonthefluid-bodyinterfaces.Bothvortexstructuresandresponseamplitudesofcylinderswithvariousarrangementsoffinswereanalyzedanddiscussed.TheremarkabledecreaseofresponseamplitudefortheadditionsofTriangle60finsandQuadrangle45finswasfoundtobecomparablewiththatofbarecylinder.However,theadditionsofTriangle00finsandQuadrangle00finsenhancetheresponseamplitudegreatly.Despitetheassumptionoftwo-dimensionallaminarflow,thepresentstudycangiveagoodinsightintothephenomenaofcylinderswithvariousarrangementsoffins.

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简介：Weisolatedandpurifiedmitochondriafrommouseliversandspinachleaves.WhenaddedintoeggextractsofXenopuslaevis,theycausednucleiofmouselivertoundergoapoptoticchanges.Chromatincondensation,marginationandDNAladderwereobserved.Afterincubatingisolatedmitochondriainsomehypotonicsolutions,andcentrifugingthesemixturesatmghspeed,wegotmitochondrialsupernatants.Itwasfoundthatintheabsenceofcytosolicfactor,thesupernatantalonewasabletoinduceapoptoticchangesinnuclei.Theeffectivecomponentswerepartlyofprotein.DNAfragmentationwaspartlyinhibitedbycaspaseinhibitorsAC-DEVD-CHOandAC-YVAD-CHO.Meanwhile,caspaseinhibitorsfullyblockedchromatincondensation.Primarycharacterizationofthenuclearendonuclease(s)inducedbymitochondrialsupernatantswasalsoconducted.ItwasfoundthatthisendonucleaseisdifferentfromendonucleaseG,cytochromec-inducednuclease,orCa^2+-activatedendonuclease.

简介：Westudyoptomechanicallyinducedtransparencyinaspinningmicroresonator.Wefindthatinthepresenceofrotation-inducedSagnacfrequencyshift,boththetransmissionrateandthegroupdelayofthesignalarestronglyaffected,leadingtoaFano-likespectrumoftransparency.Inparticular,tuningtherotaryspeedleadstotheemergenceofnonreciprocalopticalsidebands.Thisindicatesapromisingnewwaytocontrolhybridlight–sounddeviceswithspinningresonators.

简介：Alaboratoryexperimentwasconductedinsideawindwavetanktoinvestigatethewaveinducedturbulence.Inthisexperiment,thewavesurfaceelevationandvelocitybeneaththewatersurfaceweremeasuredsimultaneouslytoinvestigatetherelationbetweenthewavestatusandwaveinducedturbulence.TheprofileoftheturbulentdissipationrateandReynoldsstresswerecalculatedusingexperimentaldata.Theeffectofthewavestatusonturbulenceisinvestigatedwithregardtothewindwave,swell,andmixedwaveconditions.Itwasdepictedthattheturbulencedecreasedwithincreasingdepthfromthewatersurfaceandthattheturbulencethatwasinducedbyawavewithlargerwavelengthandwaveheightismuchstrongerforthesamewavestatus.Finally,weobservedthatthewindwaveismoreeffectiveinactivatingthewaveinducedturbulence.

简介：Moleculardynamics(MD)simulationsoftheconsecutivecompression-decompressioncyclesofhexagonalzincsulfide(wurtzite)nanoparticlespredictanirreversiblephasetransformationtothecubicpolymorph.Thephasetransformationcommencesatthecontactareabetweentheparticleandtheindenterandproceedswiththenumberofcompressioncycles.Dislocationsarevisibleforaparticlesizeabove5nm.ResultsfromwetgrindinganddrypowdercompressionexperimentsonacommercialwurtzitepigmentagreequalitativelywithMDsimulationpredictions.X-raydiffractionpatternsrevealthattheamountofcubicpolymorphinthecompressedsamplesincreaseswithpressureappliedtothepowder.Incomparisonwithpowdercompression,wetmillingleadstoamorepronouncedphasetransformation.Thisoccursbecausetheparticlesareexposedtoalargenumberofstresseventsbycollisionwiththegrindingmedia,whichleadstotheformationofdefectsandnewsurfacecrystallitesbyparticlefracture.AccordingtotheMDsimulations,phasetransformationisexpectedtooccurpreferentiallyinsurfacecrystallitesbecausetheyexperiencethehighestmechanicalload.Becauseofthephasetransformation,thewetgroundandcompressedsamplesexhibitalowerphotoluminescenceintensitythanthefeedmaterial.Incomparisonwithpowdercompression,millingreducesthephotoluminescenceintensitymoresubstantially.Thisoccursbecauseahigherdefectconcentrationisformed.Thedefectscontributetothephasetransformationandphotoluminescencequenching.

简介：K.J.,K.W. and K.R. Lees,J.M.

简介：LetGbeasecondcountablelocallycompactgroupoidwithHaarsystem{λuH},HbeaclosedsubgroupoidcontainingG^0withHaarsystem{λuH}.T.MasudaintroducedtheC^*-Groupoiddynamicsystem(G,A,α)anditsreducedcrossedproductCrea(G,A)in[2]：whereAisC^*-algebraαisthekomomorphismG→Aut(A).InthispapertheauthorintroducestheC^*-groupoiddynamicsystems(H,A,α/H)and(H\G2,A,^-α)inducedby(G,A,α)andprovesthatC*red(H,A)andC^*red(H\G^2,A)arestronglyMoritaequivalentMoreovertheinducedrepresentationfromC^*red(H,A)toC^*red(G,A)isgot.

简介：YagerpresentedtheOrderedWeightedAveraging(OWA)operatortoprovideamethodforaggregatinginformationofdecision-making.YagerandFilevfurtherpresentedtheInducedOrderedWeightedAveraging(IOWA)operator.Inthispaper,weproposeaGeneralizedInducedOrderedWeightedGeometric(GIOWG)operatorandestablishasimpleobjective-programmingmodeltolearntheassociatedweightingvectorfromobservationaldata.EachobjectprocessedbytheGIOWGoperatorconsistsofthreecomponents,wherethefirstcomponentrepresentstheimportancedegreeorcharacterofthesecondcomponent,andthesecondcomponentisusedtoinduceanordering,throughthefirstcomponent,overthethirdcomponentswhicharethenaggregated.Thedesirableproperties,suchascommutativity,idempotencyandmonotonicity,etc.,associatedwlththeGIOWGoperatorarestudiedindetail,andsomenumericalexamplesaregiventoshowthepracticalityandeffectivenessofthedevelopedoperator.

简介：volatile anesthetics can induce acute and delayed phases of preconditioning effects in the brain. Since isoflurane is a relatively safe agent and has been frequently used in patients with potential brain ischemia,7]. We showed for the first time that preconditioning with the volatile anesthetic isoflurane induced an acute phase of neuroprotection [8]. Our subsequent study showed that this isoflurane preconditioning-induced acute phase of neuroprotection was dose-dependent with an EC50 1.17% and that preconditioning the brain with isoflurane for 15-30 min was needed for the preconditioning to be maximally protective. This effect was glutamate transporter-dependent [9]. Other volatile anesthetics,we determined whether isoflurane preconditioning reduced glutamate receptor over-stimulation-induced neuronal death. Our results showed that isoflurane preconditioning reduced the neuronal death caused by over-stimulation of the major glutamate receptors [12]. Kapinya et al should be credited as the first group to show that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of neuroprotection [13]. Our in vivo study showed that this protection was mediated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 [14]. The isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells involved the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-early growth response gene 1-Bcl-2 pathway activation [15]. Our in vivo study also showed that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of protection in immature brains [16]. This protection was sustained even when animals were examined at one month after the brain ischemia [17]. In summary