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简介：Theimpactofearthquakesinurbancenterspronetodisastrousearthquakesnecessitatestheanalysisofassociatedriskforrationalformulationofcontingencyplansandmitigationstrategies.Inurbancenters,theseismicriskisbestquantifiedandportrayedthroughthepreparationof'EarthquakeDamageandLossScenarios.'Thecomponentsofsuchscenariosaretheassessmentofthehazard,inventoriesandthevulnerabilitiesofelementsatrisk.ForthedevelopmentoftheearthquakeriskscenarioinIstanbul,twoindependentapproaches,onebasedonintensitiesandthesecondonspectraldisplacements,areutilized.Thispaperwillpresenttheimportantfeaturesofacomprehensivestudy,highlightthemethodology,discusstheresultsandprovideinsightstofuturedevelopments.

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简介：MetropolitanManila,thecapitalregionofthePhilippines,initiatedurbanforestryprojectstoshowcaseitsenvironmentalbenefits.MetroManilawasonceapartofatropicalmangroveforestdominatedbysmalltreeslocallycallednilad(Scyphiphorahydrophyllaceae).Thefast-pacedurbanizationtransformedtheoriginalecosystemintoabustlingmetropolissubjectedtoenvironmentaldecay.Theestablishmentofurbanforestryisoneoftheinterventionssoughtbythegovernmenttomitigatetheenvironmentalconditions.Thus,theconceptofparticipatoryurbanforestrywasformalizedin1988bythenationalgovernment.However,itwasduringtheearlyyearsofthe1970sthattheideaofexertingcollectiveeffortingreeningMetroManilastartedthroughtheGreenRevolution,withtheprimarymotiveofupliftingtheeconomicconditionofthepeopleratherthanonecologicalenhancement.Theprojectwasforcedonthepeopletoplantvegetablesandfruittreeswithlessemphasisonforesttreesspecies.Althoughtheprojectwasnotsuccessful,thegovernmentrealizedthatthecitizenrycouldbeagreatpartnerforacollectiveworthwhileundertaking.

简介：在地区性的规模的动态城市的扩大模拟是在陆地使用/盖住变化(LUCC)和都市化影响的全球环境变化的重要研究方法论之一。然而，以前的研究显示为在本地规模的未来情形的单个城市的扩大模拟不能为描绘并且解释地区性的都市化和全球环境变化的交互机制满足要求。这研究构造了一个地区性的动态城市的扩大模型(Reg-DUEM)对由集成人工的神经网络(ANN)和细胞的自动机(CA)模型的不同情形合适。第一，我们分析了城市的扩大的时间、空间的特征并且获得了用陆地使用/盖住的规则改变的优先的知识Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan的数据集大主教区域。在不同情形下面的城市的扩大当时是的未来基于一个基线模型，经济模型，政策模型和结构的调整模型模仿了。结果显示Reg-DUEM在宏政策影响的地区性的规模为非线性的扩大模拟有好可靠性。模仿的结果显示出从大城市的区域的不同情形的城市的扩大模式有的那未来巨大的时间空间的差别。未来城市的扩大将沿着沿海的带从北京宗主国快速变到天津和Tangshan城市的圆周。

简介：Regionaldevelopmentisthetrendforfutureurbanization,andtheurbancircleisahighlyefficienteconomicspatialpatternofregionaldevelopment.Thisstudyselectsstatisticaldataofurbanareapopulation,GDP,andtheoutputvalueoftertiaryindustryforsevencitiesinChina-Jinan,Zibo,Tai’an,Laiwu,Dezhou,Liaocheng,andBinzhou-intheShandongprovincialcapitalurbancirclefrom2005to2009.ItusestheprinciplesandZipfmodel,rank-sizerule,andLotkalogarithmicmodeltoanalyzeandstudythehierarchicalstructureofthemetropolitansystemandeconomicdevelopmentoftheShandongprovincialcapitalurbancircle.Basedontheaboveresearch,thispaperprovidesreferencesfordecisionmakingonenhancementofthemetropolitansystemstructure,improvementincorecityprimacyindex,theoptimaladjustmentofindustrialstructureandtheoptimalallocationofessentialresources.

简介：ThispapertakesmetropolitanareaofChongqingMunicipalityasanexample.Chongqing,locatedatthetailareaoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,isatypicallyin-landhillycityinChina.Aseriesofseriouseco-environmentalhazardaffectinghillycityhaveappeared:theforestlandscapehasbeenfragmented;thestabilityofecologicalsystemhasnotbeenmaintained;soilerosionhasbeenserious;geologicaldisastershavebecomemoreandmorefrequented;thephenomenonofcity'heatislands'isobvious;andenvironmentalpollutionisworsenedwithlowphysicalself-puri-fication.AllofthehazardsabovewillaffectecologicalsecurityofthetailareaoftheThreeGorgesReservoirandsus-tainabledevelopmentofChongqing.InordertoguaranteeecologicalsecurityandhealthofChongqingandtheThreeGorgesReservoir,thecountermeasuresforecologicalinfrastructureconstructionareputforward:quicklydrawingupecologicalinfrastructureplanningofChongqingMunicipality,strengtheningtheintegrationandcontinuationofhilly-waterspatialpattern,maintainingthediversityandstabilityoflocalecosystem,establishingthegreenspacesystemin-cludingsuburbanforest,farmlandandgreenspace,recoveringwetlandecosystem,optimizingindustrialstructureandurbanspatialdistribution,developingrecyclingeconomy,establishingecologicalinfrastructuremonitoringnetworkandinformationforecastsystem,carryingoutecologicalmanagementforChongqingMunicipalityandsoon.

简介：沙和石子是为许多土木工程工程被需要的重要原料。由于经济原因，沙和石子坑经常位于经常是到竞争land-useinterests的题目的大城市的区域的圆周。作为对陆地使用冲突解决的贡献，分析层次进程(AHP)在地理信息系统(GIS)环境以内被使用。二个AHP偏爱矩阵情形星座被评估，他们的结果被用来创造一张陆地使用冲突地图。

简介：Thispaperextendstheresourcedragstudiesbyempiricallyinvestigatinghowspatialfactorsaffecttheregionaleconomicgrowth.Usingspatialpaneleconometricmodels,thispaperestimatesthedraggingeffectofenergyresourcesoftheYangtzeRiverDeltametropolitanareas.WefindthatthegrowthdragofenergyintheYangtzeRiverDeltaisabout6%onaverage,whichmeansthatenergyconstraintsdecreasetheeconomicgrowthby6%annually,higherthanthenationallevelthathasbeenpreviouslymeasuredintheliterature.Thisresulthastakenintoaccounttheimpactofneighboringcities’economicdevelopment,soastoobtainamoreaccurateestimate.Basedonthesemeasurementresults,weproposesomepolicyrecommendations.

简介：在地区性的规模的不可渗透的表面区域(ISA)是为在都市化和全球环境变化的相互作用下面检验陆地使用/盖住变化(LUCC)生态系统过程气候变化的相互作用和机制的重要环境因素之一。从在地区性的规模的遥远地察觉到的数据的ISA的及时、精确的抽取是挑战性的。这研究基于MODIS和DMSP-OLS数据和瓷器陆地使用/盖住数据的加入探索了ISA抽取。在在250m的一个空间决定的在2000和2008的Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan大城市的区域(BTTMA)的ISA数据集被开发，他们的空间与时间的变化被分析，并且他们水质量上的影响然后被评估。结果显示在BTTMA的ISA从2000～2008在紧张和程度两个都沿着城市的穗，交通走廊和沿海的带很快增加了。在Hebei省的三个城市(Tangshan，Langfang和Qinhuangdao)有生长在导致逐渐地把工业转移到附近的区域的城市里由于population-resources-environments的压力比北京评估的更高的ISA。在BTTMA的稠密的ISA分发在Haihe河分水岭在水质量上有严肃的影响。同时，在亚分水岭的ISA的比例与河货到付款和NH3-N的密度有显著地线性的关系。

简介：Inhighlypopulatedurbancenters,traditionalseismicsurveysourcescannolongerbeproperlyappliedduetorestrictionsinmoderncivilianlifestyles.Theambientvibrationnoise,includingbothmicroseismsandmicrotremor,thougharegenerallyweakbutavailableanywhereandanytime,canbeanidealsupplementarysourceforconductingseismicsurveysforengineeringseismologyandearthquakeengineering.Thisisfundamentallysupportedbyadvanceddigitalsignalprocessingtechniquesforeffectivelyextractingtheusefulinformationoutfromthenoise.Thus,itcanbeessentiallyregardedasapassiveseismicmethod.Inthispaperwefirstmakeabriefsurveyoftheambientvibrationnoise,followedbyaquicksummaryofdigitalsignalprocessingforpassiveseismicsurveys.ThentheapplicationsofambientnoiseinengineeringseismologyandearthquakeengineeringforurbansettingsareillustratedwithexamplesfromBeijingmetropolitanarea.Forengineeringseismologytheexampleistheassessmentofsiteeffectinalargeareaviamicrotremorobservations.Forearthquakeengineeringtheexampleisforstructuralcharacterizationofatypicalreinforcedconcretehigh-risebuildingusingbackgroundvibrationnoise.Byshowingtheseexampleswearguethattheambientnoisecanbetreatedasanewsourcethatiseconomical,practical,andparticularlyvaluabletoengineeringseismologyandearthquakeengineeringprojectsforseismichazardmitigationinurbanareas.

简介：美国是远程教育发展最成熟和完善的国家,它拥有先进教育技术和信息技术,以移动学习的发展和普及为标志,进入到了一个新的发展阶段。通过对丹佛Metropolitan州立大学远程教育模式的研究,对美国远程教育新发展做出分析,为国内远程开放教育发展提供了有益的借鉴。

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