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简介：Inrecentyears,thestudyofmantleplumeshasbecomea“hotspot”inearthsciences;enormouspapersanddatahavebeenpublished,andmanymantleplume-relatedquestionshavearisen:DidmantleplumesinthePrecambrianbehavethesamewayastheydotoday?Whataretherolesofplumesintheevolutionoftheearth?Whataretheeffectsofmantleplumesonglobalchangesandmetallogenesis?Theseissuesarefrequentlyencounteredandhotlydebatedinawiderangeofearthsciencefieldssuchastectonicsgeochemistry,geophysics,metallogenesis,

简介：Thispaperdiscussesthediscriminationprinciples.deductionandmethodsforprobingintothesourcecompositionofmantle-derivedmagma.Themagmatophile(incompatible)sourceelementsarenotalloptimaltracersformantlesourcecomposition.Theratiosoftwostrongmagmatophileelements(D<1)ortheratiosoftwotraceelementswiththesameDvaluearenotcontrolledbytheformationmodeandevolutiondegreeofamagma,butmaintainthecharacteristicsoftheircompositioninmantlesourceregionpriortothemagmaformation.Theratiosarerelatedtodifferentmantle-cruststructuresanddynamics.ThemantlesourcecompositionoftheEmeishanBasaltseriesissimilartothatoftheSouthAtlanticRioGrandeRise-WalvisRidgeBasaltsandBrazilcontinental-marginbasalts.Thismayindicatethatthesebasaltseriesmighthavesimilarsourceregionsandtectonicenvironments.

简介：1IntroductionMechanismsoftheearth’shardcrust(crustobody)movementhavebeenhypothesizeda8tide,expansionandcontractionofthccarth,mantleconvection,rotationoftheearth,etc’,whicharenotcloselyreasoneddespiteofthesupportofsomegeologica1facts’Anothcrhypothesis-themantlecreep-flowandgeothermalencrgyconccrvatio

简介：ThelateMesozoictwogianteventsthathavesynchronouslyoccurredinthePacificandperipheryarethetectono-magmaticactivitiesoftheCircum-PacificmobilebeltandtheDarwinRise.TheirdynamicsanalysisindicatesthatthegeodynamicsresponsibleforPacificgenesishasbeendrivenbythegravityinstabilitybetweenaPacific-widesuperplumeheadanditslithosphericoverburdenundertheinfluenceofeastwardasthenosphericflowbytheEarthspin.TheworldwideactivationofmaficmagmatismwasinitiatedinthePaleozoicandclimaxedaroundtheJurassic.TheseparatednotworldwidedistributionofthemagmatismontheEarthsuggeststheinhomogeneousreheatingofuppermantle,asrepresentedbythePacific-widesuperplumehead.ThePhanerozoicreheatingthusputforwardtheEarthhistoryintoanewgeotectonicstage,i.e.,thediwastage.

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简介：硅酸盐perovskites((Mg，Fe)SiO3和CaSiO3)被相信是在更低的披风的主要成分矿物质。阶段关系，稳固的答案，铁的旋转状态和与更低的披风perovskite有关的水溶解度具有地球的内部的地球动力学上并且在矿石矿化作用上的大效果。以前的研究显示大量铁结合了铝能合并到镁perovskite，但是这与disproportionation是不和的(Mg，Fe)SiO3perovskite进没有铁的MgSiO3perovskite和六角形的阶段(Mg0.6在地球的更低的披风的Fe0.4)SiO3。MnSiO3是证实强烈在MnSiO3愿望的更低的披风，和增加以磅条件与MgSiO3perovskite与CaSiO3perovskite和完全的稳固的答案形成宽范围固体答案的第一个化学部件影响在MgSiO3和CaSiO3之间的相互的溶解度。铁的旋转状态是深深地取决于Fe3+或Fe2+,的地点职业合成和样品的退火的条件。然而，看起来，在更低的披风perovskite的Fe2+的旋转状态能作为高纺纱被解决中间的纺纱的存在或在perovskite的Fe2+的低旋转状态没被澄清。而且，不同结果也在perovskite为Fe3+的旋转状态被报导了。更低的披风perovskite的水溶解度与它的作文被联系。在纯MgSiO3perovskite，不到500仅仅ppm水被报导。在更低的披风的Al-MgSiO3perovskite或Al-Fe-MgSiO3perovskite提供1100～1800ppm的水。进一步的实验是必要的为perovskite固体答案澄清详细条件，并且为深深地理解地球的内部和矿石矿化作用的地球动力学在不同的层比较不同阶段的水溶解度，到可靠地在共存分析铁的原子价和旋转状态忍受铁的阶段。

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简介：在在华中的三个峡水库(TGR)区域下面的外壳的结构的地震研究被地震车站的稀少、不平的分发限制了。增加车站范围，我们从2008～2010在三夏天期间在TGR区域使三成为了一个活动seismologic数组的推广。这里我们沿着通过基于新地震波形，数据和速度建模的中央TGR区域的西方东方侧面的现在的解释由地区性的地震数据抑制了。在在10和20km附近的深度的二个猛烈中间外壳的思考接口在TGR下面被看见。浅反射镜定义Zigui的底部()盆。莫霍思考的振幅是相当弱的新波形数据表演，并且在莫霍下面，在54-km深度附近有一个强壮的反射镜。在TGR区域，莫霍是一个坡度而非一条锋利的边界，是可能的。我们推测在在TGR区域的上面的披风的坡度莫霍和54-km-deep反射镜可以是Qinling的副产品()-Dabie()orogen。

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简介：Thecrust-mantletransitionzone(CMTZ)isanimportantsiteformassandenergyexchangebetweenthelowercrustanduppermantle.SeveralkindsofCMTZexistbeneaththecontinentofChina,whichshowdifferentseismicreflectioncharacteristicsandarecomposedofdifferentrockassociations.Inthispaper,weidentifythreetypesofCMTZinthecontinentofChina.(a)TheCMTZbeneaththeTibetPlateauexhibitsagrid-shapedseismicreflectioncharacterizedbyrandomandreticularhighandlowseismicvelocitylamellae.Itisabout30kmthick,comprisingbothmaficgranulitesoflowercrustandultramaficrocksofuppermantle.SuchlithologicalassociationandseismicvelocitystructurewereinheritedfromthecrustaloverthrustandoverlappingduringtheCenozoiccollisionbetweentheIndianandEuro-Asiancontinents;Thecorrespondingcrustmovementisstillveryintenseinthisregion.(b)TheCMTZunderneathNorthChinaBlockisusuallycomposedofathinnerstrongpositivevelocitygradientlayerwithdualpropertiesintherockassociations.ThissuggeststhatthecrustisstillactiveintheNorthChinaBlockaftersignificantlithosphericthinningandthermalaccretion.(c)TheCMTZintheremainingplatformbasinsofChinaischaracterizedbyarelativelysharpseismicdiscontinuityandaclearlithologicalboundarybetweenthelowcrustanduppermantle.SuchfeaturesoftheCMTZbeneathOrdosbasincorrespondtoweakcrustalmovementafteralongperiodofisolationfromthermo-tectonicoverprinting.

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简介：Mantleperidotiteswereearlyexposedatthesea-flooroftheJurassicTethysderivedfromthesubcontinentalmantleoftheEurope-Adriasystem.Duringcontinentalriftingandoceanicspreading,theselithosphericperi-dotiteswerepercolatedviadiffusereactiveporousflowbymeltfractionsproducedbynear-fractionalmeltingoftheupwellingasthenosphere.Ascendingmeltsinter-actedwiththelowerlithosphere,dissolvingpyroxenesandprecipitatingolivine,andcrystallizedatshallowerlevelsinthemantlecolumncausingmeltimpregnation.Subsequentfocusedporousflowformedreplacivedunitechannels,cuttingtheimpregnatedoeridotites,whichwereconduitsforupwardmigrationofMORB-typeliq-uids.Meltmigrationproduceddepletionlrefertilizationandsignificantheatingofthepercolatedlimpregnatedmantle,i.ethethermochemicalerosionofthelitho-sphere.Impregnatedandthermallymodifiedlithos-phericmantlewascooledbyconductiveheatlossdur-ingprogressivelithospherethinningandwasintrudeabyMORBmagmas,whichformedMg-richandFe-richgabbroicdykesandbodies.Alpine-Apennineophioliticperidotitesrecordthedeep-seatedmigrationofmeltswhichchangedtheircompositionsanddynamicsduringtheriftevolution.Thethermochemicalerosionofthelithosphericmantlebytheascendingasthenosphericmelts,whichinducessignificantcompositionalandrhe-ologicalchangesinthelowerlithosphere,isamajorprocessintheevolutionofthecontinent-oceantransi-tiontowardsaslowspreadingoceanicsystem.

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简介：Anewmethodfordeterminingthepartialmeltingdepthofmantle-derivedmagmaandlithosphericthicknessincontinentalregionsisderivedfromREEgeochemistry.ThiseffectivetechniqueusesvariationsintheCe/YbandSm/YbratiosfoundinmainlyvolcanicrocksincontinentalChina.TheratioschangewiththedepthoforiginconsistentwiththecorrelationbetweenlithosphericthicknessandtheCe/YbandSm/Ybratiosfoundinoceanicbasalt.Theseratiosincreaseexponentiallywiththedepthoforigin,thelithosphericthickness,ofawidevarietyofCenozoicvolcanicbasaltandPaleozoickimberliteintheNorthChinaCraton,northeasternChinacontinentandvicinity.Thisfunctionalrelationshipwithdepthisshowninaplotoftheratiosthatformsaconcordiacurve,whichiscloselyexpressedbyformulasusing8-degreepolynomials.Theseprovideamoreaccurategageinmeasuringthelithosphericthicknessthanthetraditionalgeophysicalmethods.Whenappliedtovolcanicrockofdifferentagesitalsorevealshowthethicknesshaschangedovertimeandthus,greatlyaidstheunderstandingofthetectonichistory.RelationsbetweentheCO2content,mineralreactionsandpressureintheupperasthenospherebeneaththebaseofthelithosphereappearstoaffecttheproportionsofREEinpartialmeltsandbringsaboutaclosecorrelationbetweenlithosphericthicknessandtheCe/YbandSm/Ybratiosinmantle-derivedmagmaticrock.Thisthicknessgauge,forbothcontinentalandoceaniclithosphere,providesanewapproachinanalyzingthelithosphericthicknessindifferenttectonicsettingsandgeologictimes.

简介：在Balochistan的Kazhaba村庄附近的玄武岩的枕头熔岩在Bagh建筑群的构造裂片被发现：在穆斯林Baghophiolite建筑群下面的混合物地区。这些vol-canics被碱暗岩主要代表。岩相学和化学建议这些暴烈的岩石温和地属于到强烈碱，intra板暴烈的岩石系列。他们的低Mg#和低Cr，Ni和公司内容建议这些volcanics的父母岩浆直接没从部分融化的披风来源被导出，但是结果在一个上面的水平岩浆房间的分别，在线路到爆发。他们的LILE和HFSE，有显著积极Nb异例的充实的初发的使披风正常化的模式进一步证实他们的在内板geochemical签名并且与充实的披风来源一致。他们的高度充实的LREE模式和高度(La/Yb)N并且(Ce/Yb)N比率建议部分融化的garnet-lherzolite父母岩浆来源。Zr对Zr/Y研究建议这些volcanics从大约15%部分融化的充实的披风来源被导出。这些迟了的白垩纪intra板volcanics可以代表重聚热点的披风羽毛活动，这被建议，并且在它上在印度板的经过以前在Ceno-Tethys海洋地板的经过期间被爆发。

简介：Duringseveraldecadesofexploration,anumberofmantle-derivednaturalgaspoolshavebeendiscoveredinthevicinitiesofdeepfaultsintheSongliaoBasin,northeasternChina.Thenaturalgasinthesepoolshasaδ13C1valueof-16.5‰to-24.2‰,areversedarrangementintheamountofcarbonisotopesinmethaneanditsendogamousproducts(namely,Δ13c1＞Δ13c2＞Δ13c3＞Δ13c4),a3He/4Hevalueof1.97to2.34×10-6,andan40Ar/36Arvalueof1063to1949.Thisindicatesamantlesourceforthenaturalgas.ThetraceelementsCd,In,TeandRe,neverfoundinorganic-sourcedhydrocarbons,arehighlyenrichedincertaincrudeoilsfromtheBasin;respectively,concentrationsoftheseelementswerefoundtobe751,28,16and323timestheaveragecrustalvaluesinChina,andthisalsosupportsamantle-derivednaturalgasorigin.Thecharacteristicsofmantled-derivedmagmaticrocks,hydrothermalfluidsandgaseousfractionsdistributedinandnearthedeepSongliaoBasinfaultsindicatethatriftingtectonicsisprovidingthemechanismsforthisoutgassingofthemantle.Deepextensional(normal)faultsprovidepathwaysforupwardmovementofthesematerials,andintheSongliaoBasin,thesedeeprifffaultzonesareassociatedwithreservoiroccurrenceandcaprockseals,forminggoodsitesforaccumulationofmantle-derivednaturalgas.Furthermore,alayeroflowvelocity,lowdensityandhighconductivityinthedeepcrusthasbeenidentifiedasapotentialreservoirformantle-derivednaturalgas.

简介：Systematicexperimentalstudiesonpartialmeltingandsubsolidusequilibrationofthreereconstitutedspinel-peridotiteshavebeencarriedoutattemperaturesrangingfrom1000to1380℃andpressuresof1.0and1.5GPa.Theresultsshows(1)duringpartialmelting,Mg#[=Mg/(Mg+Fe)]andCr#[=Cr/(Cr-Al)]ofspinelincreasewithanincreaseindegreesofmelting)(2)duringsubsolidusequilibration,withincreasingtemperatures,Mg#ofspinelincreasesbutCr#ofspinelremainsalmostunchangedinduniteandincreasesslightlyinIherzoliteandharzburgite.Thenegativeandquasi-linearMg#-Cr#correlationofspinelrepresentsanisothermoftotalnon-equilibrium.Thesameresultshavebeenobtainedbymeansofmathematicalmodelling.ItisalsoprovedbyMg#-Cr#correlationofspinelinnaturalperidotites.Asaresultofthespinelsubsolidusequilibration,onlyvariationofCr#ofspinelislimited,andthenCr#ofspinelcanbeusedtoestimatetherelativedegreeofmeltingundergonebyhostrocks

简介：Evidenceforamantleand/orbasalticcomponentinKTboundarydistalejectaisapparentlyinconsistentwithejectionfromChicxulubCratersinceitislocatedon~35kmthickcontinentalcrust(DePaoloetal.,1983;Montanarietal.,1983;HildebrandandBoynton,1988,1990).Thisevidence,alongwithejectedterrestrialchromites(Oldsetal.,2016)suggesttheimpactsampledterrestrialmaficand/orultramafictargetrockswhicharenotknowntoexistintheChicxulubtargetarea.Possibleresolutionstotheparadoxare:1)theexistenceofanunmapped/unknownsutureinYucatanPlatformbasement,2)anadditionalsmallunmapped/unknownimpactsiteonoceaniclithosphere,or3)anadditionallargeimpactonoceaniclithosphereorcontinentalmargintransitionaltooceaniclithosphere.Thethirdhypothesisiselaboratedheresince:1)OphiolitesnearesttoChicxulubcraterarefoundinCubaandapparentlywereobductedinlatestCretaceous/earliestDaniantimes(García-Casco,2008),inconsistentwiththedocumentedEocenecollisionofCubawiththeBahamasplatform;and2)Cubahoststheworld’sthickestknownKTboundarydeposits(Iturralde-Vinent,1992;Kiyokawaetal.,2002;Tadaetal.,2003).Theseandgeometricconsiderationssuggestoceaniccrustanduppermantlerock,exposedasophioliteintheGreaterAntillesislandchain,markstherimofaroughly700kmdiameterimpactbasindeformedanddismemberedfromanoriginallycircularformbyatleast50millionyearsofleft-lateralsheardisplacementalongtheNorthAmerican-Caribbeantransformplateboundary.

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