简介:Thecombinedquadraticorthogonalregressionmethodofexperimentdesignwasemployedtoexploretheeffectsofprocessparametersofplasmanitridingoftantalumsuchastotalpressure,temperatureandoriginalhydrogenmolarfractiononthehardness,roughnessandstructureofnitridingsurfaces.Theregressionequationsofhardness,roughnessandstructureweregivenaccordingtotheresultsofregressionandstatisticanalysis.Andthediffusionactivationenergyofnitrogenintantalumonplasmanitridingconditionswascalculatedaccordingtotheexperimentaldataofhardnessofplasma-nitridingoftantalumvstimeandtemperature.Thediffusionactivationenergycalculatedbelongsto(155.49+10.51)kJ/mol(783-983K).
简介:Titaniumandtitaniumalloyshaveseveraladvantages,butthecostoftitaniumalloysisveryexpensivecomparedwiththetraditionalmetalmaterials.Thisarticleintroducestwonewlow-costtitaniumalloysTi-2.1Cr-1.3Fe(TCFalloy)andTi-3Al-2.1Cr-1.3Fe(TACFalloy).Inthisstudy,weusedCr-Femasteralloyasoneoftherawmaterialstodevelopthetwonewalloys.Weintroducethemicrostructureandtensilepropertiesofthetwonewalloysfromβsolutiontreatedwithdifferentcoolingmethods.Optica...
简介:Thechloridizingsegregationandmagneticseparationoflow-gradenickellateritesfromYunnanprovinceofChinawasinvestigated.Thenickellateriteswerecharacterizedbymicroscopicinvestigations,usingX-raydiffractometry(XRD)andenergydispersivespectrometry(EDS)techniques.Thepellets,whichwerepreparedwithmagnesiumchlorideandcokeaschlorideagentandreductantrespectively,wereheatedtoahightemperature,andthepelletsaftercoolingwerecrushedformagneticseparation.Aseriesofexperimentswereconductedtoexaminetheeffectofchlorinatingagentdosage,reductantdosage,chloridizingtemperatureandchloridizingtimeonenrichmentgradeofNiandCo.TheresultsindicatethatthefourfactorshavesignificanteffectsontheextractionsofNiandCo.Theoptimumconditionsareasfollows:theamountsofmagnesiumchlorideandcokeare6%and2%,respectively,chloridizingtemperatureis1253K,andchloridizingtimeis90min.Undertheconditions,extractionsofNiandCoreach91.5%and82.3%,respectively.
简介:Aprocessoftheselectiveleachingofnickelfromlow-sulfurNi-Cumatteatatmosphericpressurewasdescribed.ThismattewasobtainedfromhighgradeNi-Cumattebymagneticseparation,whichmainlycontainedNi-Cualloyandasmallquantityofsulfides.Firstly,theacid-oxygen(CuSO4-H2SO4-O2)leachingofthemattewasconductedatatmosphericpressure.WhenthesolutionpHvaluereached1.0-2.0,theoxygenflowwasceased.Then,theaqueouscopperwasrejectedbycementationreactionwithNiinthealloy.ThemineralogicalcharacteristicsofthematteintheprocesswereanalyzedbyX-raydiffractometry,opticalmicroscopyandscanningelectronmicroscopy.Andtheeffectsofvariationsintemperature,particlesizedistribution,oxygenflowrate,pulpdensity,initialacidconcentrationandinitialconcentrationofcopperionwereinvestigated.
简介:Theeffectsoflow-CoAB5typehydrogenstoragealloyspreparedbyquenchingandannealingontheperformancesofMH-Nibatterieswereinvestigated,andthecharacteristicsofthelow-CoAB5typehydrogenstoragealloyswerecomparedwiththoseofthehigh-CoAB5typehydrogenstoragealloyaswell.Theresultsshowedthatthefasterthecoolingofthelow-Cohydrogenstoragealloyis,thebetterhomogeneityofthechemicalcompositionforthealloyandthelongercyclelifeofthebatteryare,buttheelectrochemicaldischargecapacityandhigh-ratedischargeabilityarereduced.Thehigh-ratedischargeabilityandchargeretentionofMH-Nibatteriesfortheconventionalas-castannealedlow-Cohydrogenstoragealloyweresuperiortothosefortherapidlyquenchedlow-Cohydrogenstoragealloyandthehigh-Cohydrogenstoragealloy,butalittleinferiorinthecyclelife.
简介:Reducingthemanufacturingcostofsolarcellsisnecessarytotheirindustrialproduction.Electrodepositingisaneffective,non-vacuummethodwhichisverysuitableforcuttingthemanufacturingcostofthinfilmsaswellasdevelopingitslarge-scaleindustrialproduction.Inthisstudy,about1-μm-thickCu(In,Ga)Se_2(CIGS)precursorswereelectrodepositedonMo/glasssubstratesinaqueoussolutionutilizingathree-electrodepotentiostaticsystem.Triethanolaminewasusedascomplexingagent,andallparametersofelectrodepositionwerepreciselycontrolled.Afterthat,theelectrodepositedprecursorswereselenizedinaSeatmospherewithdifferentheatingramprates(60and600℃·min~(-1)).High-qualityCIGSfilmswereobtained,andtheircharacteristicswereinvestigatedbyX-rayfluorescence,scanningelectronmicroscopy,energydispersivespectroscopy,X-raydiffraction,Ramanspectraandnear-infrared-visible(NIR-Vis)spectra.Theresultsrevealthattherearemanydifferencesbetweenthepropertiesofthefilmsunderdifferentheatingrates.Finally,CIGSsolarcellswerefabricatedusingafastandaslowheatingrate.Themaximumefficienciesachievedforthefilmsselenizedat60and600℃-min~(-1)are3.15%and0.71%,respectively.
简介:Au/-Al2O3催化剂被免职降水方法为低集中白酒溪流(甲醇,乙醇,iso-propanol和n-propanol)的催化燃烧作好准备。催化剂被X光检查光电子描绘光谱学(XPS),X光检查diffractometry(XRD)和精力散X光检查微分析(版本)技术。XPS结果证明仅仅催化剂的表面上有Au0。XRD模式证明Au高度大概在-Al2O3上被驱散。为有2.0g/m3的集中的甲醇,乙醇,iso-propanol和n-propanol的完全的变换的温度是60,155,170和137?,分别地但是他们完全在60,220,260和217点被使矿物化进CO2和H2O吗?分别地在优化催化剂上。催化剂的活动在130h是稳定的。为催化甲醇消除的动力学跟随了伪--首先订表示为r=0.6528c0+0.084的反应2。明显的激活精力的价值是在反应温度的范围的54.7kJ/mol。
简介:Aluminum,themainimpurityinthelixiviumofweatheredcrustelutiondepositedrareearthore,notonlyresultsinanincreasingconsumptionofprecipitantintherareearthprecipitationprocess,butalsolowersthepurityoffinalrareearthproduct.Aluminumintheweatheredcrustelution-depositedrareearthorelixiviumshouldberemoved.Neutralizinghydrolysismethodwasemployedtoremovealuminumfromthelixivium.HexamethylenetetraminewasfoundtobetheoptimumpHregulatorfortheremovalofaluminuminthelowconcentration.WhenusedtoadjustthepHvalueofthelixiviumto5.0,aluminuminthelixiviumcanbeeffectivelyremovedintheformofaluminumhydroxideprecipitationwithremovalrateof97.60%.Itshowsthathexamethylenetetraminehasagoodeffectontheremovingofaluminumionsfromthelowconcentrationlixivium.Moreover,hexamethylenetetramineinremovingaluminumfromlixiviumhaslittleadverseeffectontheREprecipitationprocess.
简介:SincethelowandmediumgradeoxideoresintheMainandEasternMiningAreasattheBayanOboMinehaveahighgradeofNb2O5andlargeorereservesandarerichinmanyelements,theyareofgreatervaluetouseindevelopmentandrecoverythanotherkindsofniobiummineralsresources.Thedisseminationcharacteristicsandprocessingpropertiesoffourtypesofniobiummineralsaresummarisedandmethodsandresultsofniobiummineralprocessingarealsodescribed.
简介:Low-CoLa1.8Ti0.2MgNi8.9Co0.1alloyswerepreparedbymagneticlevitationmeltingfollowedbyannealingtreatment.TheeffectofannealingonthehydrogenstoragepropertiesofthealloyswasinvestigatedsystematicallybyX-raydiffraction(XRD),pressure-compositionisotherm(PCI),andelectrochemicalmeasurements.TheresultsshowthatallsamplescontainLaNi5andLaMg2Ni9phases.LaCo5phaseappearsat1,000℃.Theenthalpychangeofallhydridesiscloseto-30.6kJ·mol-1H2ofLaNi5compound.Annealingnotonlyincreaseshydrogencapacityandimprovescyclingstabilitybutalsodecreasesplateaupressureat800and900℃.Afterannealing,thecontractionofcellvolumeandtheincreaseofhydridestabilitycausethehighratedischargeabilitytoreduceslightly.Theoptimumalloyisfoundtobeoneannealedat900℃,withitshydrogencapacityreachingupto1.53wt%,anddischargecapacityremaining225.1mAh·g-1after140charge–dischargecycles.
简介:ThestructureandelectrochemicalpropertiesofanewlowcobalthydrogenstorageelectrodealloysLa1-xLixNi3.2Co0.3Al0.3(0≤x≤0.2)wereinvestigatedwithadifferentadditionsofLiinreplacementofLa.WiththeincreaseofLicontentsthemaximumdischargecapacityincreasesfrom240mAh·g-1(x=0)to328.4mAh·g-1(x=0.1)andthecyclestabilityisimprovedcorrespondingly.ThecapacitydecaycanremaiN28.6%(x=0.2)after230charge/dischargecycles.Thehighratedischarge(HRD)abilityofthealloys(x≤0.1)isimprovedandthebestHRDis34.1%(x=0.1)underthedischargecurrentdensity1200mA·g-1.ItisfoundthatthepreparedalloysarebasicallycomposedofLaNi5asmatrixphaseandLaNi3assecondphase(x≤0.1).ButtheabundanceofLaNi3phasedramaticallydecreaseswithincreasingx.Whenx=0.2,anewphaseAl(NiCo)3isformed.