简介：重点词汇1.treasuren.珠宝;财富treasure意为'珠宝;财富'时,是不可数名词。Anation’streasureisinitsscholars.学者是国家的财富。拓展(1)treasuren.珍品treasure意为'珍品'时,是可数名词。Thehousewaslargeandfullofarttreasures.那栋房子很大,里面满是艺术珍品。(2)treasurev.珍爱;珍重Itreasurehisfriendship.我珍重他的友谊。2.hurryv.匆忙;赶快hurrytodosth匆忙做某事Thekidshurriedtoopentheirpresents.孩子们急忙打开礼物。

简介：生态系统服务成为了生态系统管理和评估的核心元素之一。作为生态系统服务并且为维持国家生态的安全的一个关键区域，生态系统变化，实现效果评估在国家关键生态的功能地区是重要的，为支持主要功能地区策略并且为改进生态的文明的构造。这篇文章在海南岛的中央山区学习一个热带雨林区域的生态的地区，中国。多--来源卫星数据和地面观察统计与geo统计方法和生态的评价模型被分析。这份报纸的核心分析包括生态系统模式，质量和服务。借助于空间、时间的规模扩大和多维的时空关联分析，生态系统变化的趋势和稳定性特征被分析，并且实现效果评估被讨论。分析显示出许多结果。在生态的地区内的森林区域的比例比在海南岛的平均水平显著地高。在1990-2013期间，解决逐渐地在生态的地区内增加了。在在2010的地区的实现以后，人的活动紧张增加了，与是城市的主要陆地使用构造和陆地开垦。在生态的功能地区的水保存在地区外面比那高。一般来说，它稍微增加了，但是有明显的变化。在地区内的土壤保存在外面也比那好。然而，它在1990-2013期间表明了戏剧的变化和相对差的稳定性。在地区内的人的骚乱索引在外面比那显著地低，并且有更低的生物多样性威胁水平。特别在2010-2013，在地区内的人的骚乱索引的增加的范围是显著地不到那外面。

简介：TodateonlyonespeciesofthegenusVaticaLinn.(Dipterocarpaceae)hasbeenidentified,andasubspeciesandthreevarietieshavebeenreportedonHainanIsland,China.However,itremainedcontroversialwhetherthespecieswasVaticamangachapoioranewspeciesVaticahainanensis,andwhetherthesubspeciesorvarietiesaretaxonomicallyvalid.Weevaluatedheremorphometricvariationsof133treescollectedfromninepopulationsandherbariumspecimensofVaticaspp.using16traitsofleafandfruit.Amongthese,leaftraitsvariedmorewithinandamongpopulationsthandidfruittraits.Fourtraitsofratiosweremorestablethandirectly-measuredtraitswithinandamongpopulations.Therangesoflaminalength,laminawidthandheightofmaximumlaminawidthpointwerethegreatestamongthe16traits,whilenumberoflateralveinsvariedleastamongthe12directly-measuredtraits.Measurementsfromall9populationsoverlappedforeachmorphologicaltrait,andvariationofeachtraitwascontinuousamongbothindividualsandpopulations.TherangeofvariationdidnotdistinguishanyspecimenfromV.mangachapoiasdescribedinthefloraofSoutheastAsia.Byclusteranalysis,individualsofeachpopulationaswellasspecimensofeachvarietyformednodistinctclusters.Thepublishedvarietiesthuswerecharacterizedbynodistinguishingvariationsincomparisonwiththeninesampledpopulations.Inconclusion,thenewspeciesV.hainanensisaswellasthesubspeciesandvarietieswerenotsupportedbyourcomparisons,andonlyV.mangachapoiwithoutanysubspeciesorvarietiesoccursonHainanIsland,China.

简介：Background:RecentprojectionsexpectthatVietnamwillbeaffectedmostseverelybyclimatechangewithhighertemperatures,moreprecipitationandrisingsealevels.Especiallyincreasedtemperatureswillworsenthesituationsincities,amplifyingtheurbanheatislandeffect.Greeninfrastructures,i.e.urbantreesareacommontooltoimprovetheurbanmicro-climateforhumans.Vitalandwellgrowingtreesprovidegreatestbenefitssuchasevaporativecooling,shading,airfilteringandcarbonstorage.However,urbantreegrowthisoftennegativelyaffectedbyurbangrowingconditionssuchashighsoilsealingwithcompactedtreepitsprovidingsmallgrowingspaceswithlimitedwater,nutrientandoxygensupply,furtherwarmtemperaturesandhighpollutionemissions.ThisstudyanalyzedthegrowthofurbanandruralAfricanmahogany{Khoyosenegalensis(Desr.)A.Juss.)treesinthecityofHanoi,Vietnamandtheeffectsofthesurroundingclimateconditionsontreegrowth.Results:TheresultsshowedthatruralAfricanmahoganytreesgrewbetterthantreessituatedinthecitycenter,whichiscontrarytootherresultsontreegrowthoftemperateandsubtropicalcitiesworldwide.Moreovertreegrowthwassimilarregardlessofthetimeofgrowth.OtherresultsregardingstemgrowthofAfricanmahoganylocatedindifferentareasofHanoi(east,west,north,citycenter)revealedabettergrowthinthenorthernandwesternoutskirtsofthecitycomparedtothegrowthoftreesinthecitycenter.Conclusion:AfricanmahoganytreesintheurbancentersofHanoishowedadecreasedgrowthcomparedtoruraltrees,whichwaslikelyinducedbyalowground-waterlevelandhighpollutionrates.Inviewofclimatechangeandglobalwarming,thedecreasedtreegrowthinthecitycentermayalsoaffeatreeserviceprovisionsuchasshadingandcooling.ThoseclimatemitigationsolutionsarestronglyneededinareasseverelyaffectedbyclimatechangeandglobalwarmingsuchasVietnam.

简介：热带气旋(TC)的特征在从1969～2014的海南岛上的极端降雨事件从中国气象学的管理的气象学的信息中心用每日的车站降水数据从TC最大的每日的降雨(TMDR)的观点被分析，从上海台风研究所的TC最好轨道的数据，和NCEP/NCAR分析数据。到达50，100和250的TMDR的频率公里表演一个减少的趋势[0.7(10年)1],一个弱减少趋势[0.2(10年)1]和一个弱增加趋势[0.1(10年)1],分别地。为季节的变化，所有紧张等级的TMDR主要从7月发生到10月，与TMDR的频率-50公里并且-100公里在9月和TMDR的频率达到顶点-250公里[TC极端暴风雨(TCER)事件]在8月和9月达到顶点。岛的西方的区域(Changjiang)总是是降雨中心，独立于不同紧张等级的紧张或频率。TCER的原因也被探索，结果证明地形学在降雨事件的特征起一个关键作用。TCER容易被导致在上上风Wuzhi山的斜坡，与TC的协作，轨道和TC弯屈结构。运动的更慢的速度，更强壮的TC紧张并且一向西远追踪都对极端降雨事件导致。更弱的西北的和平的副热带的高度是可能的使驾驶的500-hPa流动更弱并且导致更慢的TC运动，而更强壮的华南海夏天季风能带更高的潮湿流动。这二个环境因素为TCER两个都是有利的。

简介：

简介：ThenorthernmarginoftheSouthChinaSea,asatypicalextensionalcontinentalmargin,hasrelativelystrongintraplateseismicity.ComparedwiththeactivezonesofNanaoIsland,Yangjiang,andHeyuan,seismicityinthePearlRiverEstuaryisrelativelylow.However,aML4.0earthquakein2006occurrednearDanganIsland(DI)offshoreHongKong,andthissitewasadjacenttothesourceofthehistoricalM5.8earthquakein1874.TorevealtheseismogenicmechanismofintraplateearthquakesinDI,wesystematicallyanalyzedthestructuralcharacteristicsinthesourceareaofthe2006DIearthquakeusingintegrated24-channelseismicprofiles,onshore–offshorewide-angleseismictomography,andnaturalearthquakeparameters.WeascertainedthelocationsofNW-andNE-trendingfaultsintheDIseaandfoundthattheNE-trendingDIfaultmainlydippedsoutheastatahighangleandcutthroughthecrustwithanobviouslow-velocityanomaly.TheNW-trendingfaultdippedsouthwestwithasimilarhighangle.The2006DIearthquakewasadjacenttotheintersectionoftheNE-andNW-trendingfaults,whichsuggestedthattheintersectionofthetwofaultswithdifferentstrikescouldprovideafavorableconditionforthegenerationandtriggeringofintraplateearthquakes.Crustalvelocitymodelshowedthatthehigh-velocityanomalywasimagedinthewestofDI,butadistinctentitywithlow-velocityanomalyintheuppercrustandhigh-velocityanomalyinthelowercrustwasfoundinthesouthofDI.Boththe1874and2006DIearthquakesoccurredalongtheedgeofthedistinctentity.Twoverticalcross-sectionsnearlyperpendiculartothestrikesoftheintersectingfaultsrevealedgoodspatialcorrelationsbetweenthe2006DIearthquakeandthelowtohighspeedtransitioninthedistinctentity.Thisresultindicatedthatthetransitionalzonemightbeaweaklystructuralbodythatcanstorestrainenergyandreleaseitasabrittlefailure,resultinginanearthquake-pronearea.

简介：Edgedetectionenablesidentificationofgeomorphologicunitboundariesandthusassistswithgeomorphicalmapping.Inthispaper,anintelligentedgeidentificationmethodisproposedandimageprocessingtechniquesareappliedtomulti-beambathymetrydata.Toaccomplishthis,acolorimageisgeneratedbythebathymetry,andaweightedmethodisusedtoconvertthecolorimagetoagrayimage.Asthequalityoftheimagehasasignificantinfluenceonedgedetection,differentfiltermethodsareappliedtothegrayimageforde-noising.Thepeaksignal-to-noiseratioandmeansquareerrorarecalculatedtoevaluatewhichfiltermethodismostappropriatefordepthimagefilteringandtheedgeissubsequentlydetectedusinganimagebinarizationmethod.Traditionalimagebinarizationmethodscannotmanagethecomplicatedunevenseafloor,andthereforeabinarizationmethodisproposedthatisbasedonthedifferencebetweenimagepixelvalues;theappropriatethresholdforimagebinarizationisestimatedaccordingtotheprobabilitydistributionofpixelvaluedifferencesbetweentwoadjacentpixelsinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectively.Finally,aneight-neighborhoodframeisadoptedtothinthebinaryimage,connecttheintermittentedge,andimplementcontourextraction.Experimentalresultsshowthatthemethoddescribedherecanrecognizethemainboundariesofgeomorphologicunits.Inaddition,theproposedautomaticedgeidentificationmethodavoidsuseofsubjectivejudgment,andreducestimeandlaborcosts.

简介：WhiletheAntarcticSlopeCurrent(ASC)hasbeenintensivelystudiedfortheEastAntarcticaslopeareaandtheWeddellSea,itsfateinthewesternAntarcticPeninsula(WAP)regionremainsmuchlessknown.DatafromtwocruisesconductedneartheSouthShetlandIslands(SSIs)andtheElephantIsland(EI),oneinaustralsummerof2004andoneinaustralwinterof2006,wereanalyzedtoprovideabroadpictureofthecirculationpatternoverthecontinentalslopeofthesurveyedarea,andaninsightintothedynamicalbalanceofthecirculation.Theresultsindicatethatsouthwestwardcurrentsarepresentovertheupperslopeinthestudyarea,indicatingtheASCintheWAPregion.NeartheShackletonGap(SG)northoftheEI,thesouthwestwardslopecurrentsneartheshelfbreakarecharacterizedbyawatermasscolderandfresherthantheambientwater,whichproducescross-slopedensitygradientsandthenverticalshearofthealong-slope(oralong-isobath)velocity.Theverticalshearisassociatedwithareversalofthealong-slopecurrentfromnortheastwardatsurfacetosouthwestwardindeeperlayers,oradepth-intensificationofthesouthwestwardslopecurrents.ThewatermasswithtemperatureandsalinitycharacteristicssimilartotheobservedcoldandfreshwaterisalsorevealedonthesouthernslopeoftheScotiaSea,suggestingthatthiscoldandfreshwaterisoriginatedfromtheScotiaSeaslopeandflowssouthwestwardthroughtheSG.OvertheshelfnorthoftheSSIs,thecoldandfreshwatermassisalsoobservedandoriginatesmainlyfromtheBransfieldStrait.Inthisarea,verticalstructureofthesouthwestwardslopecurrentsisassociatedwiththeonshoreintrusionoftheupperCircumpolarDeepWaterthatcreatescross-slopedensitygradients.

简介：Decreasingtherisksandgeohazardsassociatedwithdrillingengineeringinhigh-temperaturehigh-pressure(HTHP)geologicsettingsbeginswiththeimplementationofpre-drillingpredictiontechniques(PPTs).ToimprovetheaccuracyofgeopressurepredictioninHTHPhydrocarbonreservoirsoffshoreHainanIsland,wemadeacomprehensivesummaryofcurrentPPTstoidentifyexistingproblemsandchallengesbyanalyzingtheglobaldistributionofHTHPhydrocarbonreservoirs,theresearchstatusofPPTs,andthegeologicsettinganditsHTHPformationmechanism.OurresearchresultsindicatethattheHTHPformationmechanisminthestudyareaiscausedbymultiplefactors,includingrapidloading,diapirintrusions,hydrocarbongeneration,andthethermalexpansionofporefluids.Duetothismulti-factorinteraction,acloudofHTHPhydrocarbonreservoirshasdevelopedintheYing-QiongBasin,butonlytraditionalPPTshavebeenimplemented,basedontheassumptionofconditionsthatdonotconformtotheactualgeologicenvironment,e.g.,Bellotti’slawandEaton’slaw.Inthispaper,wefocusontheseissues,identifysomechallengesandsolutions,andcallforfurtherPPTresearchtoaddressthedrawbacksofpreviousworksandmeetthechallengesassociatedwiththedeepwatertechnologygap.Inthisway,wehopetocontributetotheimprovedaccuracyofgeopressurepredictionpriortodrillingandprovidesupportforfutureHTHPdrillingoffshoreHainanIsland.

简介：AtUTC2018-01-1002:51:31,anMw7.6earthquakeoccurred44kmeastofGreatSwanIsland,Honduras(location17.469°N,83.520°W,depth10km,accordingtotheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey).Wecarriedoutstudiesofthefocalmechanismandruptureprocessoftheearthquake,usingseismicdatafromtheIRISdatacenter.Forthefocalmechanismsolution,apointsourcemodelwasusedtoinvert26far-fieldP-waveformsand26SHwaveformswithhighS/Nratioandrelativelyevenazimuthcoverage(epicentraldistance30°<△<90°);thentheresult(Figure1)wasusedtoconstructafinitefaultmodelforruptureprocessinversion(YaoZXandJiC,1997;WangWMetal.,2008),resultinginapreliminarymodeloftheslipdistributionofthisearthquake(Figures2–4).Thecalculatedseismicmomentis2.41×10^20N·mandtheestimatedearthquakemagnitudeMw=7.5.Themaximumslipisabout1900cm.