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简介：AbstractBackground:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to animal and public health. Here, we conducted a dynamic surveillance of Escherichia coli on Chongming Island in Shanghai during 2009-2021 to identify the characteristics and trends of Chongming’s AMR pandemic.Methods:Rectal (cloaca) swabs from four poultry and nine swine farms (Chongming Island, 2009-2021) were collected for E. coli strains acquisition. The micro-broth dilution method was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates against 10 antimicrobial classes including 15 antimicrobials. Utilizing generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and co-occurrence analyses, we further explored the multiple-drug-resistance (MDR) combinations and dynamic patterns of E. coli over 10 years in two food animals.Results:Total of 863 MDR isolates were found among 945 collected E. coli isolates, 337 from poultry and 608 from swine. Both isolates exhibited high resistant rates (> 70%) to tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides (only in swine). The resistant rates of swine isolates to penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenicols, and polymyxins were significantly higher than those of poultry isolates, whereas resistance to fluoroquinolones was reversed. Resistance to polymyxins decreased similarly in swine (42.4% in 2009 to 0.0% in 2021) and poultry isolates (from 16.5% to 0.0%). However, resistance to other seven antimicrobial classes (excluding carbapenems and penicillins) declined dramatically in swine isolates, particularly fluoroquinolones (from 80.5% to 14.4%), and tendencies of resistance to the seven classes showed markedly divergent patterns in poultry isolates. Using Poisson GLMMs, the AMR carriage since 2016 was significantly lower than that of 2009 (odds ratio < 1), indicating a decline in the risk of MDR emergence. Furthermore, despite the highly diverse MDR profiles, co-occurrence analysis identified two prominent MDR clusters of penicillins-phenicols-fluoroquinolones in poultry and aminoglycosides-tetracyclines-sulfonamides-phenicols in swine.Conclusions:Our study uncovered vastly distinct AMR patterns and dynamic tendencies of poultry and swine E. coli isolates from Chongming. Meanwhile, Chongming’s AMR status has ameliorated, as indicated by the decline in antimicrobials prevalence (particularly in swine), lower likelihood of MDR emergence and low carbapenem-, cephalosporin-, and polymyxin resistance. Importantly, this surveillance results are the vital basis for future policy development in Chongming and Shanghai.

简介：瞄准：调查白酒剂量的协会，与反常白酒相关的肝损伤指示物喝和肥胖的持续时间，在中国的岛人口的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行。方法：从中国的岛人口的使随机化的多级式的成层的簇采样在基于人口的盒子控制学习被使用。然后，会见，体格检查，实验室评价和ultrasonography被做。结果：每日的白酒吸入>=20g，喝5年和肥胖是的>=的持续时间仔细与白酒相关的肝损伤有关(P<0.05)。机会比率(或)(95%CI)是1.965(1.122-3.442)，3.412(1.789-6.507)并且1.887(1.261-2.824)分别地。在20g日报白酒吸入组织的>=和20g日报白酒吸入组织的<的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行率分别地是37.14%和12.06%。在喝的5年组织的>=和喝的5年组织的<的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行率分别地是34.44%和8.53%。没有重要剂量反应关系在每日的白酒吸入和反常白酒相关的肝损伤指示物之间以及在喝和反常白酒相关的肝损伤指示物的持续时间之间被发现。在在喝组和黄米饭酒喝酒组，的啤酒之间的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行没有有效差量烈性酒喝酒组，多重喝酒组。结论：每日的白酒吸入的风险阀值是喝导致白酒相关的肝损伤的20g和持续时间在中国的岛人口的5年。肥胖导致的肝损伤应该被担心。