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简介：台风Haitang(0505)的轨道，通过了台湾岛并且再登陆了，被使用非静水力学的mesoscale成功地模仿了大气的模型MM5。Itsstructure在登陆阶段上被分析，并且在那里存在，被发现好在thetyphoon之间的关系反常移动轨道和它的不对称现象结构。thetyphoonHaitang上的台湾岛的地面的效果，它让它在登陆前旋转并且介绍“V”打反常动人的轨道inTaiwan海峡，也被模仿了。进一步的分析证明台湾岛的地面不onlydirectly影响移动轨道的台风，而且由影响它的asymmetricstructure改变台风轨道。因此，台风不对称的结构和在反常旋转的台湾岛togetherresults的地面的效果追踪。台湾岛的地面趋于增加台风的SW-NEasymmetric结构并且在从台湾海峡进入并且移动前在台风Haitang的thelandfall过程期间在SE-NW不对称的结构上有不同效果。

简介：热带气旋(TC)的特征在从1969～2014的海南岛上的极端降雨事件从中国气象学的管理的气象学的信息中心用每日的车站降水数据从TC最大的每日的降雨(TMDR)的观点被分析，从上海台风研究所的TC最好轨道的数据，和NCEP/NCAR分析数据。到达50，100和250的TMDR的频率公里表演一个减少的趋势[0.7(10年)1],一个弱减少趋势[0.2(10年)1]和一个弱增加趋势[0.1(10年)1],分别地。为季节的变化，所有紧张等级的TMDR主要从7月发生到10月，与TMDR的频率-50公里并且-100公里在9月和TMDR的频率达到顶点-250公里[TC极端暴风雨(TCER)事件]在8月和9月达到顶点。岛的西方的区域(Changjiang)总是是降雨中心，独立于不同紧张等级的紧张或频率。TCER的原因也被探索，结果证明地形学在降雨事件的特征起一个关键作用。TCER容易被导致在上上风Wuzhi山的斜坡，与TC的协作，轨道和TC弯屈结构。运动的更慢的速度，更强壮的TC紧张并且一向西远追踪都对极端降雨事件导致。更弱的西北的和平的副热带的高度是可能的使驾驶的500-hPa流动更弱并且导致更慢的TC运动，而更强壮的华南海夏天季风能带更高的潮湿流动。这二个环境因素为TCER两个都是有利的。

简介：1INTRODUCTIONInflictinghundredsofmillionsyuan(RMB)worthofeconomiclossesannually,strongwindsandtorrentialrainscausedbytropicalcyclonesaretwoofthemajormeteorologicaldisastersexposedinthesoutheasterncoastofChina.MuchefforthasbeendevotedtotheresearchonthepatternsofTCgenesis,evolutionandvariation.

简介：Weanalyzedcloudmicrophysicalprocesses’latentheatcharacteristicsandtheirinfluenceonanautumnheavyraineventoverHainanIsland,China,usingthemesoscalenumericalmodelWRFandWRF-3DVARsystem.Wefoundthatpositivelatentheatoccurredfarabovethezerolayer,whilenegativelatentheatoccurredmainlyunderthezerolayer.Therewassubstantiallymorepositivelatentheatthannegativelatentheat,andthecondensationheatinghadthemostimportantcontributiontothelatentheatincrease.Theprocessesofdeposition,congelation,meltingandevaporationwereallcharacterizedbyweakeningaftertheirintensification;however,thevariationsincondensationandsublimationprocesseswererelativelysmall.Themaincloudmicrophysicalprocessesforpositivelatentheatwerecondensationofwatervaporintocloudwater,thecondensationofrain,andthedepositionincreaseofcloudice,snowandgraupel.Themaincloudmicrophysicalprocessesfornegativelatentheatweretheevaporationofrain,themeltingandenhancedmeltingofgraupel.Thelatentheatreleasesduetodifferentcloudmicrophysicalprocesseshaveasignificantimpactontheintensityofprecipitation.Withoutthecondensationandevaporationofrain,thetotallatentheatingwoulddecreaseandthemoisturevariablesandprecipitationwouldreducesignificantly.Withoutdepositionandsublimation,theheatinginhighlevelswoulddecreaseandtheprecipitationwouldreduce.Withoutcongelationandmelting,thelatentheatingwouldenhanceinthelowlevels,andtheprecipitationwouldreduce.

简介：Theresultsfromahybridapproachthatcombinesamesoscalemeteorologicalmodelwithadiagnosticmodeltoproducehigh-resolutionwindfieldsincomplexcoastaltopographyareevaluated.Thediagnosticwindmodel(CaliforniaMeteorologicalModel,CALMET)with100-mhorizontalspacingwasdrivenwithoutputsfromtheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)modeltoobtainnear-surfacewindsforthe1-yearperiodfrom12September2003to11September2004.Resultswerecomparedwithwindobservationsatfoursites.Traditionalstatisticalscores,includingcorrelationcoefficients,standarddeviations(SDs)andmeanabsoluteerrors(MAEs),indicatethatthewindestimatesfromtheWRF/CALMETmodelingsystemareproducedreasonablywell.Thecorrelationcoefficientsarerelativelylarge,rangingfrom0.5to0.7forthezonalwindcomponentandfrom0.75to0.85forthemeridionalwindcomponent.MAEsforwindspeedrangefrom1.5to2.0ms-1at10metersabovegroundlevel(AGL)andfrom2.0to2.5ms-1at60mAGL.MAEsforwinddirectionrangefrom30to40degreesatbothlevels.AspectraldecompositionofthetimeseriesofwindspeedshowspositiveimpactsofCALMETinimprovingthemesoscalewinds.Moreover,combiningtheCALMETmodelwithWRFsignificantlyimprovesthespatialvariabilityofthesimulatedwindfields.ItcanbeconcludedthattheWRF/CALMETmodelingsystemiscapableofprovidingadetailednear-surfacewindfield,butthephysicsinthediagnosticCALMETmodelneedstobefurtherimproved.

简介：ＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＧＩＡＮＴＳＥＡ－ＳＡＬＴＮＵＣＬＥＩＩＮＡＴＭＯＳＰＨＥＲＥＯＶＥＲＹＯＮＧＸＩＮＧＩＳＬＡＮＤ，ＸＩＳＨＡＩＳＬＡＮＤＳ，ＤＵＲＩＮＧＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＷＩＮＴＥＲＭＯＮＳＯＯＮＷｕＤｕｉ（吴兑）；Ｙｏ...