简介:Objective:ToassesstheeffectofantiviraltherapyforhepatitisBvirus(HBV)-relatedhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)afterradicalhepatectomy.Methods:Atotalof478HBV-relatedHCCpatientstreatedbyradicalhepatectomywereretrospectivelycollected.Patientsinthetreatmentgroup(n=141)receivedpostoperativelamivudinetreatment(100mg/d),whereaspatientsinthecontrolgroup(n=337)didnot.Recurrence-freesurvival(RFS)rates,overallsurvival(OS)rates,treatmentsforrecurrentHCCandcauseofdeathwerecomparedbetweenthetwogroups.Propensityscorematching(PSM)analysiswasalsoconductedtoreduceconfoundingbiasbetweenthetwogroups.Results:The1-,3-,and5-yearRFSratesdidn’tsignificantlydifferbetweenthetwogroups(P=0.778);however,the1-,3-,and5-yearOSratesinthetreatmentgroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.002).Similarresultswereobservedinthematcheddata.SubgroupanalysisshowedthatantiviraltreatmentconferredasignificantsurvivalbenefitforBarcelonaClinicalLiverCancerstageA/Bpatients.FollowingHCCrecurrence,morepeopleinthetreatmentgroupwereabletochoosecurativetreatmentsthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.031).Forcauseofdeath,fewerpeopleinthetreatmentgroupdiedofliverfailurethanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.041).Conclusion:PostoperativeantiviraltherapyincreaseschancesofreceivingcurativetreatmentsforrecurrentHCCandpreventsdeathbecauseofliverfailure,therebysignificantlyprolongingOS,especiallyinearly-orintermedian-stagetumors.
简介:Riceblack-streakeddwarfvirus(RBSDV)isarecognizedmemberofthegenusFijivirus,familyReoviridae.Itsgenomehastendouble-strandedRNA(dsRNA)segments(S1-S10),inwhichthefifthgenomesegment(S5)containstwoopenreadingframes(ORFs)withapartiallyoverlappingregion.ThesecondORFofRBSDVS5encodesaviralnonstructuralproteinnamedp5bwithunknownfunction.Torevealthefunctionofp5b,itsgenewasligatedintothebaitplasmidpGBKT7andanexpressionlibrarycontainingricecDNAswasconstructedusingplasmidpGADT7foryeasttwo-hybridassay.Thebaitproteinp5bwasdetectedinyeastbywesternblot,andtheresultofanauto-activationtestshowedthatp5bcouldnotautonomouslyactivatetheexpressionofreportergenesinyeast.Thenthebaitproteinp5bwasusedforscreeningthecDNAexpressionlibrariesofrice.Genefragmentsofsomepivotalenzymesinvolvedinphotosynthesis,respirationandotherimportantmetabolicprocesses,wereidentifiedtointeractwithp5binyeast,suggestingthattheseinteractionsmayplayrolesinsymptomdevelopmentininfectedplants.
简介:2009H1N1流行性感冒流行表明了对人的全球健康威胁的意义。尽管流行H1N1疫苗很快被开发了,被动serotherapy可以在孩子对感染提供优异立即的保护,老、妥协免疫者的病人在流行性感冒期间流行。这里,我们基于使不朽的Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)使用了新奇策略从个人屏蔽高病毒的抵销monoclonal抗体(MAbs)的外部血记忆B房间与2009流行H1N1疫苗的PANFLU.1种牛痘。通过13090使不朽的记忆B房间的一幅巨大的屏幕,从三的克隆选择了vaccinees,七MAbs与两个高病毒的抵销能力和红血球凝聚抑制(HAI)被识别对2009个流行H1N1病毒的活动。这些MAbs可以与严重呼吸症候群为感染的病人的被动serotherapy治疗有重要临床的含意,特别孩子,老并且immunodeficient个人。我们为从使EBV不朽的外部血记忆B房间产生高亲密关系的MAbs的成功的策略可能也对另外的传染或自体免疫的疾病适用。
简介:Autoimmunehepatitis(AIH)hasrarelybeendescribedasanautoimmuneparaneoplasticsyndromeofthymoma.ThiscaseistheseventhcaseofAIHrevealedbycholestasisfewyearsafterthediagnosisofthymomaandthefirstcasetreatedwithchemotherapyalone.Wereportinthispaperanewapproachtothisrareseverecondition.A29year-oldmanpresentedwithchestpainanddyspneawithahistoryofthymomasurgicallyremoved4yearsago.CTscanshowedtherecurrenceofananteriormediastinalmass.Biologyshowedelevatedliverenzymesandprofoundcholestasis.Nosignofviralortoxichepatitisorbileductabnormalitieswereobserved.Autoimmuneantibodies,exceptfortheanti-nuclearantibody,werenegative.LiverbiopsyshowedactivechronicAIH.ThepatientwasdiagnosedwithrecurrentthymomawithAIHandunderwent6cyclesofchemotherapy.Acompleteresponseonthymomaandcholestasiswasobtainedafter10monthsoffollow-up.SteroidsandimmunosuppressorsarethestandardtreatmentforAIH.Theeffectofchemotherapyasaspecifictreatmentofthisparaneoplasticsyndromeneedstobeconsidered.
简介:ThepaperpresentsthebasicmodelforthetransmissiondynamicsofWestNilevirus(WNV).Themodel,whichconsistsofsevenmutually-exclusivecompartmentsrepresentingthebirdsandvectordynamics,hasalocally-asymptoticallystablediseasefreeequilibriumwhenevertheassociatedreproductionnumber(R0)islessthanunity.Asrevealin[3,20],theanalysesofthemodelshowtheexistenceofthephenomenonofbackwardbifurcation(wherethestabledisease-freeequilibriumofthemodelco-existswithastableendemicequilibriumwhenthereproductionnumberofthediseaseislessthanunity).Itisshown,thatthebackwardbifurcationphenomenoncanberemovedbysubstitutingtheassociatedstandardincidencefunctionwithamassactionincidence.Analysisofthereproductionnumberofthemodelshowsthat,thediseasewillpersist,wheneverR0>1,andincreaseinthelengthofincubationperiodcanhelpreduceWNVburdeninthecommunityifacertainthresholdquantities,denotedby△band△varenegative.Ontheotherhand,increasingthelengthoftheincubationperiodincreasesdiseaseburdenif△b>0and△v>0.Furthermore,itisshownthataddingtimedelaytothecorrespondingautonomousmodelwithstandardincidence(consideredin[2])doesnotalterthequalitativedynamicsoftheautonomoussystem(withrespecttotheeliminationorpersistenceofthedisease).
简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheimpactofsociodemographic/clinicalfactorsonearlyvirologicalresponse(EVR)topegin-terferon/ribavirinforchronichepatitisC(CHC)inclinicalpractice.METHODS:Weconductedamulticenter,cross-sectional,observationalstudyinHepatologyUnitsof91Spanishhospitals.CHCpatientstreatedwithpeginterferonα-2aplusribavirinwereincluded.EVRwasdefinedasundetectablehepatitisCvirus(HCV)-ribonucleicacid(RNA)or≥2logHCV-RNAdecreaseafter12wkoftreatment.AbivariateanalysisofsociodemographicandclinicalvariablesassociatedwithEVRwascarriedout.IndependentfactorsassociatedwithanEVRwereanalyzedusingamultipleregressionanalysisthatincludedthefollowingbaselinedemographicandclinicalvariables:age(≤40yearsvs>40years),gender,race,educationallevel,maritalstatusandfamilystatus,weight,alcoholandtobaccoconsumption,sourceofHCVinfection,alanineaminotransferase(ALT)andaspartateaminotransferase(AST)levels,andgammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGT)(≤85IU/mLvs>85IU/mL),serumferritin,serumHCV-RNAconcentration(<400000vs≥400000),genotype(1/4vs3/4),cirrhoticstatusandribavirindose(800/1000/1200mg/d).RESULTS:Atotalof1014patientswereincludedinthestudy.Meanageofthepatientswas44.3±9.8years,70%weremale,and97%wereCaucasian.ThemainsourcesofHCVinfectionwereintravenousdrugabuse(25%)andbloodtransfusion(23%).SeventyeightpercentwereinfectedwithHCVgenotype1/4(68%hadgenotype1)and22%withgenotypes2/3.TheHCV-RNAlevelwas>400000IU/mLin74%ofpatients.ThemeanALTandASTlevelswere88.4±69.7IU/mLand73.9±64.4IU/mL,respectively,andmeanGGTlevelwas82±91.6IU/mL.Themeanferritinlevelwas266±284.8μg/L.Only6.2%ofpatientspresentedwithcirrhosis.Allpatientsreceived180mgofpeginterferonα-2a.Themostfrequentlyusedribavirindoseswere1000mg/d(41%)and1200mg/d(41%).Theplannedtreatm
简介:UsingtheefectiveHamiltonianmethod,weanalyzetheB0-ˉB0mixingintheextensionofthestandardmodel(SM)wherebaryonnumberandleptonnumberarelocalgaugesymmetries.ThenumericalresultsindicatethecorrectionfromtheextraparticlestothemassdiferencemBissignificant.Thereisa60%enhancementcomparedtotheSMpredictionformBatmost,whichagreeswiththecurrentexperimentalresult.
简介:随着互联网的迅速发展,电子商务已成为繁荣经济市场不可或缺的部分;而在盗版电子商务产品风靡的网络环境中,电子商务版权保护面临着新的问题和严峻的挑战。电子商务版权客体是网络作品,因此其特殊性不言而喻;再加上电子商务的跨地域性和网络的虚拟性,电子商务版权人的诸如复制权、汇编权、改编权及信息网络传播权等权利成了侵权人获得经济利益的交换筹码,所以电子商务版权保护必须以事前预防和事后补救双管齐下,且需更加重视预防版权侵权的事前预防措施的实施——在完善相关立法的同时,需要设立监督维权组织以保证电子商务市场的交易安全;而事后补救措施除了传统的司法救济外,也可以采用具有灵活性、经济性及效率性等优点的在线诉外救济机制(ADR在线机制)给予救济,如此,方能有效解决关于电子商务版权的一系列问题。
简介:病毒的紧张的坏死(VNN)在海洋的鱼引起高死亡,特别在grouper,全球并且在中国。因为没有有效疫苗或药处理VNN,早察觉和预防是重要的堵住它的爆发。在这研究,反向的抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)为VNN病原体的快速、方便、敏感的察觉被开发,紧张的坏死病毒(NNV),在grouper。整个过程从RNA抽取在3.5h以内被完成到PCR产品可视化。这个方法的察觉限制是NNVRNA标准的200个拷贝,它对应于病毒粒子的200个拷贝。这个RT-PCR方法对NNV察觉没有特定对另外的鱼跨反应病毒的疾病病原体例如传染胰腺的坏死病毒(IPNV),传染造血的坏死病毒(IHNV),鲤鱼病毒(SVCV)的春天viraemia,流行于家畜的造血的坏死病毒(EHNV),并且大黄croakeriridovirus(LYCIV)。与这个方法,看到橘子的grouper(Epinepheluscoioides)从育种站与或没有在福建省的VNN流行病的发生的油炸食品被检测。结果都显示出那或当从没有VNN的二个育种站的40%油炸食品或25%流行病也作为NNV被检测时,从有流行病的发生的二个育种站的93%油炸食品作为积极被诊断积极,显示这个RT-PCR方法能被用于快速,NNV感染的敏感察觉并且在VNN流行警戒适用。
简介:因为他们的能力,B房间通常被认为是有免疫力的反应的积极管理者生产抗体,包括自身抗体。因为B房间用作介绍抗原的房间并且在有免疫力的回答施加另外的调节功能,抗体的生产便于最佳的CD4+T房间激活。然而,某些B房间能否定地也由生产规章的cytokines并且直接经由cell-to-cell接触与病原的T房间交往调整有免疫力的反应。B房间的这些类型被定义为规章的B(Breg)房间。Breg房间的规章的函数在发炎的鼠标模型被表明了,癌症,移植,并且特别地在autoimmunity。在这评论,我们集中于在人的自体免疫的疾病导致发展的理解和Breg房间的功能和B房间的含意的最近的进展。
简介:直链淀粉含量与粒型是影响稻米蒸煮、食味及外观品质的重要因素,降低水稻品系的直链淀粉含量或选育其长粒型品系对提高水稻品质具有重要意义。本研究采用回交与分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法对主栽杂交水稻的保持系天B与龙特甫B的直链淀粉含量和对龙特甫B的粒型进行改良,选育出较好保持原品系的优良农艺性状、稻米品质得到明显改良的天B改良系5个和龙特甫B改良系4个。品质分析测定表明9个改良系的直链淀粉含量较改良前明显下降,天B和龙特甫B分别由改良前的23.5%和34.5%下降至平均14.4%和23.9%,胶稠度变长,糊化温度升高;龙特甫B改良系的粒长得到显著改良,粒长由龙特甫B的8.10mm增加到10.40mm、长宽比由2.36增加到3.80;天B改良系的粒长也有一定程度的增加,谷粒长由9.95mm增加到10.30mm、长宽比由3.34增加到3.65~3.94;此外,天B及龙特甫B改良系其垩白粒率及垩白度都有所降低或降幅较大。研究结果表明,通过分子标记辅助选择改良天B和龙特甫B的稻米品质是有效的。
简介:摘要目的探究分析B超监视之下梧桐人流手术的临床效果。方法选自我院2008年-2013年收治的进行无痛人流手术的378例初孕妇,以随机的方式将其分为观察组与对照组,每组各有初孕妇189例。其中对照组的孕妇在意识消失了之后,按照传统的方法进行无痛人工流产手术,观察组的孕妇是在B超监视之下进行无痛人流手术。对2组孕妇在手术之后各项表现进行对比分析。结果观察组孕妇无论是手术进行实践或者是手术过程中的出血量,相对于对照组孕妇来说都要小很多,两者有显著差异(P<0.05);对照组孕妇当中,有9例出现了不全流产、3例出现漏吸、1例出现术后感染,观察组产妇有1例产妇出现不全流产;观察组产妇在手术之后,阴道流血的时间为1-5天之间,月经恢复来潮的时间是在25-40天之间;对照组产妇在手术之后,阴道流血的时间为3-8天之间,月经恢复来潮时间是在29-47天之间。结论在B超监视之下进行无痛人流手术,具有时间不长、出血量以及并发症少、月经恢复来潮迅速等优点,在无痛人流当中有很大的临床应用价值。
简介:Objectiveandbackground:Althoughp21rashasbeenreportedtobeupregulatedinhepatocellularcarcinomacomplicatingchronichepatitisCtypeI,p21rashasadifferentroleinadvancedstages,asithasbeenfoundtobedownregulated.Thegoalofthisstudywastoinvestigatethestatusofp21rasinearly-stage/low-gradeandlate-stage/high-gradehepatocellularcarcinomaanditspossiblelinktoapoptosis.Materialandmethods:Thirty-fivecaseseachofchronicHCVhepatitistype4(groupI)andcirrhosiswithhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)complicatingchronicHCVhepatitis(groupsIIandIII)wereimmunohistochemicallyevaluatedusingap21raspolyclonalantibody.Theapoptoticindexwasdeterminedinhistologicsectionsusingtheterminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediatedd-UTPbiotinnickendlabeling(TUNEL)assay.Results:Significantdifferences(P=0.001)weredetectedinp21rasproteinexpressionbetweenthethreegroups.Anear2-foldincreaseinp21rasstainingwasobservedinthecirrhoticcasescomparedtothehepatitiscases,andp21rasexpressionwasdecreasedintheHCCgroup.p21rasexpressioncorrelatedwithstage(r=0.64,P=0.001)andgrade(r=-0.65,P=0.001)intheHCCgroupandgradeintheHCVgroup(r=0.44,P=0.008).Bothp21rasexpressionandTUNEL-LIweresignificantlylowerinlargeHCCscomparedtosmallHCCs(P=0.01each).TheTUNELvalueswerenegativelycorrelatedwithstageintheHCCgroup(r=-0.85,P=0.001).TheTUNELvalueswerealsonegativelycorrelatedwithgradeinboththeHCVandHCCgroups(r=0.89,P=0.001andr=-0.53,P=0.001,respectively).Thep21rasscoresweresignificantlycorrelatedwiththeTUNEL-LIvaluesintheHCCgroup(r=0.63,P=0.001)andHCVgroup(r=0.88,P=0.001).Conclusions:p21rasactsasaninitiatorinHCCcomplicatingtype4chronicHCVandisdownregulatedwithHCCprogression,whichmostlikelypromotestumorcellsurvivalbecauseitfacilitatesthedownregulationofapoptosiswithtumorprogression.
简介:摘要目的采用B超对早孕患者进行诊断,并分析其诊断效果。方法对比分析法是对应用妊娠试纸法与B超诊断法的诊断效果进行对比的一种方法,本文采用这种方法对我院自2012年4月~2013年1月入院检查的60例妇女资料进行分析,按照随机抽取法将其分为对照组与观察组,其中对照组患者应用妊娠试纸法进行诊断,观察组患者应用B超诊断法进行诊断,对比两组检出率,每组妇女各30例。结果B超诊断相较于妊娠试纸法诊断检出的早孕患者人数明显要多,两组比较存在差异性,具有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论采用B超诊断法对早孕妇女进行诊断,具有精确性、动态监测的功能,大大提高了检出率,为孕妇的早期临床护理提供了实践依据。