简介：Thereareabout1.27millionhaofuplandredsoilsderivedfromQuaternaryredclayfacingthedegradationinthelow-hillyregionofthemiddlesubtropicalChina.Fromtheaspectsofchemistry,physicsandmicrobiology,theprocessesofsoilfertilityrestorationinthesurfacelayer(0-20cm)underthreetypesoflandusepatterns(i.e.citursorchard,teagardenandupland)intwoprovinceswerestudiedinthiswork.Resultsshowedthatthereclamationoferodedwastealdnimprovedmostofsoilproperties.Soilorganicmatter,totalNandP,availablePandK,andexchangeableCaandMgincreased,butsoiltotalKandexchangeableAldecreasedSoilpHdecreasedby0.5unitinthepureteaplantationfor20years.Soilreclamationincreasedthepercentageofsoilmicreasedby0.5unitinthepureteaplantationfor20years.Soilreclamationincreasedthepercentageofsoilmicroaggregates(<0.25mm),especiallythosewithadiameterof0.02-0.002mm.Soiltotalporosityincreasedinthecultivatedlandswiththeincreaseofsoilaerationandcapillaryporosity,Thenumberofsoilmicroorganismsincreasedwithreclamationcausedmainlybythehugeincreaseofthetotalamoutofbacteria,Withthecultivation,theeativityofsoilureaseandacidphosphataseincreased.butthatofinvertasedropped.

简介：在中国的三个峡区域，土壤侵蚀和结果的非点来源污染和生态的降级危及了农业生态系统和新鲜的水水库。尽管努力被承担了从斜坡土地减少土壤和水损失，为柠檬生产使用，管理的效果的信息在土壤富饶索引上练习也有限或不存在。这研究被进行比较10年各种各样的管理惯例的效果，柠檬与白苜蓿(WC)杂种，有稻草(SM)的柠檬mulched，柠檬与轮廓灌木篱墙(CH)杂种，有透不过的膜(IM)的柠檬果园土地，并且柠檬与小麦(Triticumaestivum)和花生(Arachrishypogaea)(WP)杂种，，土壤富饶上的处理与常规柠檬管理(厘米)的索引。结果证明器官的碳，全部、可得到的氮，可得到的钾，和水马厩聚集的土壤(>0.25公里)在0–5厘米深度的内容比CM处理为WC和SM处理是更高的。也在沿着WC和SM治疗的斜坡的土壤生育力有空间变化。土壤总数和可得到的氮，磷，和钾，和水马厩聚集(>0.25公里)在两个满足0–5和5–20厘米深度比CM处理为CH和IM处理是更高的。氮和可得到的钾满足的可得到的平均土壤比CM处理为WP处理是更高的，但是WP处理在器官的碳，全部的氮，和水马厩聚集的土壤上有小效果(>0.25公里)内容。这些建议白苜蓿杂种和稻草mulching是最有效的途径在三个峡区域的柠檬果园土地改进土壤富饶。

简介：Arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)共生者能极大地影响土壤富饶。然而，在AM共生发展层次之间的关系和柠檬mycorrhizosphere玷污微弱地在地里知道的富饶遗体。在我们的学习，AM殖民，孢子密度，菌丝的长度密度，和在柠檬(柠檬reticulataBlanco上的Robertson海军的橘子grafted)的glomalin相关的土壤蛋白质(GRSP)内容，沿着一个高度的坡度的果园在南部的中国季节地被调查。结果显示出那AM殖民和许多孢子，hyphae在不同季节和高度显著地波动。最高的AM殖民(83.03%)在夏天在海水平上面在200m在果园被观察，在在在秋天的400m的果园的孢子密度(16.8孢子g−1土壤)，并且在在在夏天的600个m果园的果园的菌丝的长度密度(2.36mg−1土壤)；当时最低价值(43.60%，2.7孢子g−1土壤和0.52mg−1AM殖民，孢子密度，和菌丝的长度玷污密度，分别地)都在冬季在800m在果园被观察。关联分析证明象土壤有机物，alkali-hydrolyzableN，可得到的P，和pH那样的土壤性质是显著地(P<0.05)断然与任何一个柠檬总数AM殖民或许多孢子和hyphae相关。GRSP是显著地(P<0.05)断然与土壤有机物和pH相关。冗余性分析支持了那严重地玷污象高度，GRSP，土壤有机物，和alkali-hydrolyzableN那样的环境因素(蒙特卡罗排列测试，P=0.002)在柠檬果园的影响AM殖民和许多孢子和hyphae。我们的数据表明了环境因素是的那土壤在在柠檬果园决定AM共生开发重要。

简介：Anopen-topchamberexperimentwasconductedattheUniversityofMichiganBiologicalStationnearPellston,Michigan,USA,tostudytheeffectsofsoilfertilityandCO2onleaf,stemandrootdarkrespiration(Rd)ofPopulustremuloides.Overall,area-baseddaytimeleafRd(Rda)wassignificantlygreateratelevatedthanatambientCO2inhigh-fertilitysoil,butnotinlow-fertilitysoil.Mass-basedleafRd(Rdm)wasoverallgreaterforhigh-thanforlow-fertilitysoilgrowntreesatelevated,butnotatambientCO2.NighttimeleafRdaandRdmwereunaffectedbysoilfertilityorCO2,norwasstemRda,whichrangedfrom1.0to1.4μmolm-2s-1inthespringand3.5to4.5μmolm-2s-1inthesummer.RootRdawassignificantlyhigherinhigh-thaninlow-fertilitysoil,butwasunaffectedbyCO2.SincebiomassproductionofP.tremuloideswillbesignificantlygreateratelevatedCO2whilespecificRdwilleitherincreaseorremainunchanged,wepredictthatcarbonlosstotheatmospherethroughrespirationfromthisecologicallyimportantspecieswouldincreaseathigherCO2.SoilfertilitywouldalsointeractwithelevatedCO2inaffectingthecarbonflowintheplant-soil-airsystem.