简介:AbstractThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to major public health challenges globally. The increasing viral lineages identified indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 genome is evolving at a rapid rate. Viral genomic mutations may cause antigenic drift or shift, which are important ways by which SARS-CoV-2 escapes the human immune system and changes its transmissibility and virulence. Herein, we summarize the functional mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes to characterize its adaptive evolution to inform the development of vaccination, treatment as well as control and intervention measures.
简介:摘要临床试验是临床研究的重要组成部分。通过临床试验的实施可以获得高级别循证医学证据,指导临床实践。胰腺炎由于疾病的特殊性和复杂性,其临床试验的开展远少于胰腺肿瘤。ESCAPE研究是荷兰胰腺炎研究组发起的一项针对疼痛性慢性胰腺炎患者最佳干预措施的前瞻性、多中心随机对照临床试验,其最新研究结果于2020年发表在《The Journal of the American Medical Association》。ESCAPE研究的试验设计、具体实施和结果分析均可作为业内典范。笔者介绍最新ESCAPE研究结果,对开展胰腺炎临床试验的要点和问题进行总结,旨在促进我国胰腺炎临床试验的普及和规范化开展,提高胰腺领域的国际学术影响力。
简介:摘要: 本文针对海上采油平台井下作业连续油管作业的常见类型进行了列举,结合海上平台的特点及常见作业的特点进行了可能出现的井控事件分析,对井控演习预案及应急逃生方案进行了研究。