简介：OnOctober29,2011,anumberofcitiesandprovincesinChinawerechosentohostpilotlocationsforcarbonemissionstradingsystems.Beforeacarbontradingmarketcanbefunctional,carbonemissionallowancesneedtobeallocated.Thismakesthecarbonemissionsallowanceallocationschemecruciallyimportantasitgoesalongwayindecidingtheefficiencyandfairnessofthecarboncap-andtrademarket.Althoughithasbeenprovedthatallocationbyauctionisthemosteffectiveway,Shenzhencityasoneofthetradingpilotswillallocatecarbonallowancesfreeofchargeattheinitialstage.TheEuropeanUnion’s(EU)freeallocationsystem,aproduct-basedbenchmarkschemeforthemanufacturingindustryimplementin2013,isnotfeasibleforShenzhenduetothelackofdataataproductlevel.Thereforethetargetofthispaperistoexploreanewallocationschemewiththedataatafirmlevelotherthanthegrandfatheringschemetofillthegap.Inthispaper,acarbonintensitybasedallocationschemeisdevelopedbyusingtheBoltzmanndistributionandGail-Shapleygame.Inthefinalpartofthereport,firmleveldatafrom2010to2011offirmsinShenzhen,Chinaareusedtoverifytheeffectandfitnessoftheallocationscheme.

简介：October5,theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,wasthedayofthetraditionalDoubleNinthFestival.SanshuiDistrictofFoshanCityinGuangdongorganizeda1000-old-menfeastthatday.Morethan1000localseniorcitizensjoinedaseriesofactivitiesduringtheCulturalFestivalofLongevity.Duringthefeast,GuangdongCommitteeonAgeingtoldourreporterthatGuangdongwouldestablishtheold-ageallowance(OAA)systemthroughouttheprovinceby2015.

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简介：Uptonowthereisnospecificationabouttheallowanceoflateralbreakthrougherrorforsuperlongtunnelfrom20kmto50km.OnthebasisofthedesignofGPSnetworkslocatedoutsideandinsidetunneltraversenetwork,weproposeamethodforcalculatingtheinfluencevaluecausedbycontrolsurveyingerrors.ThroughalotofsimulativecalculationsandcombinationwithpiercingpracticeofsupertunnelsinWanJiazaiProject,Shanxiprovince,wepresentanallowancetableoflateralbreakthrougherrorforsuperlongtunnelsfrom20kmto50km.

简介：ThispaperanalyzesthethreemainfundamentalissuesinthedesignofChina’sETSpilots,includingallowanceallocation,pricemechanismandstate-ownedkeyenterprises,andproposedsuggestedsolutions.Fortheissueofallowanceallocation,wesuggestthatthegradualhybridmodecouldbeappliedatthebeginning,whichstartswithmainlyfreeallocationandthenincreasesauctionratiogradually.Andgrandfatheringisasuitablemethodoffreeallocation.Fortheissueofpricemechanism,wesuggestapricefloatingzonewithopenmarketoperationtoreducetheuncertaintyofprices.Fortheissueofstate-ownedkeyenterprises,wesuggestagoodcoordinationwithSASAC,definingthestate-ownedpropertyrightandsupervisionrightwhenstate-ownedkeyenterprisesareinvolvedintothecarbonmarket,andthelocalgovernmentcansetrulesofallocationandtransactiontolimittheirpotentialmarketpower.