简介:AbstractBackground:Insulin resistance is the central abnormality and mechanism underlying the progression of cardiometabolic-based chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the trends in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction from 2001 to 2016 among US adults with undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose regulation and to provide sex-specific information using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2016.Methods:Data from 14,481 participants aged over 20 years from 8 consecutive 2-year cross-sectional cycles of the NHANES from 2001 to 2016 were used. Updated homoeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA2: HOMA2%B for β-cell function and HOMA2IR for insulin resistance) was used as a surrogate measure. We defined the upper sex-specific tertile of HOMA2IR as insulin resistance and the lower corresponding tertile of HOMA2%B as low β-cell function.Results:In both sexes with undiagnosed diabetes, HOMA2%B (men, Ptrend = 0.118; women, Ptrend = 0.184) and HOMA2IR (men, Ptrend = 0.710; women, Ptrend = 0.855) remained stable over time. In the prediabetes group, both sexes exhibited significant increasing trends in HOMA2%B (men, Ptrend < 0.010; women, Ptrend < 0.010) and HOMA2IR (men, Ptrend < 0.010; women, Ptrend < 0.050). Adjusting for waist circumference mildly attenuated the trend in HOMA2IR and insulin resistance in men (Ptrend < 0.010), but it resulted in no significance in women (Ptrend = 0.196). In regard to normal glucose regulation, both sexes presented significant decreasing trends in low β-cell function (men, Ptrend < 0.050; women < 0.010) and attenuated trends in insulin resistance (men, Ptrend = 0.196; women, Ptrend = 0.121).Conclusions:Over 16 years, insulin resistance demonstrated an increasing trend in adult US population with prediabetes, while β-cell function showed a compensatory increasing trend. Identifying people with prediabetes early and focusing on reducing insulin resistance as the intervention core, especially controlling central obesity, might increase the opportunity for cardiovascular and diabetes risk reduction.
简介:摘要目的分析我国麻疹病例时空分布和空间聚集性特征。方法资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病疫情报告监测系统2001-2016年全国麻疹病例数据,人口学数据来源于国家统计局。运用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行全局和局部空间自相关分析,运用SaTScan 9.6软件进行时空扫描分析。结果2001-2016年全国共报告麻疹1 012 537例,年发病率整体呈下降趋势。2001-2004、2005-2008和2009-2012年的麻疹发病存在全局空间聚集性,其Moran’s I值分别为0.29、0.26和0.31。局部空间自相关分析结果显示,麻疹在各时间阶段均存在高-高聚集区域并主要集中在西部地区,同时2005-2008年广东省是一个单独的高-低离散区域,未检测到低-低聚集区域。时空扫描结果显示,2001-2008年我国麻疹病例在西部地区、华中地区和华北地区、山西省和广西壮族自治区形成一个广泛的聚集区。结论2001-2016年我国麻疹的发病在空间、时间上均存在一定的聚集性,可根据聚集情况,为麻疹防控策略的制定提供依据。
简介:摘要:目前离心式冷水机组已经广泛应用于各个领域,在工业生产中离心式冷水机组更是被看作心脏设备。离心式冷水机组作为制冷设备,制冷效率却存在着较大差异,而在制冷效率的众多影响因素中,压缩机的型式又是最关键、最直接的,本文以开式单机离心机、闭式单机离心机和三级离心机为例,阐述这三种离心机的技术经济性能。
简介:【内容摘要】:高校作为新时代中国特色社会主义发展的重要组成部分,肩负培养社会主义接班人的重要使命,而优良的政治生态,是高校确保完成立德树人根本任务的坚强政治保障。通过开展高校内部政治巡察可以发现高校二级单位政治生态存在的问题,全面客观分析产生问题的主客观原因,尤其是主观原因,最后针对问题和原因,有的放矢、简明扼要,提出对策建议。