简介：实际上所有的迹象都显示出需求紧张的劳动力市场会削弱人口外迁的意愿，不过劳工的离开却不一定会导致劳动力市场的需求紧张。

简介：TheSpanishhousingcooperativesaretemporaryorganizationsaimingatbuildinghomesfortheirmemberswiththehelpofprofessionalagentstoensureapricewhichcoversonlytheactualcosts,withoutanyprofitoftheprivatedevelopmentcompanyand,consequentlyalowerpricethanthemarketprice,andaffordableforthepeople.HousesproducedincooperativeregimeconstituteaconsiderablepartofthesubsidizedhousinginSpain,whicharegradedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheratioofthebeneficiary'sincometotheminimumwage.Theirpercentageintheoverallhousesbuilthasalsobeenincreasinginrecentyears.Thereasonofthegrowthliesnotonlyinitscostefficiencybutalsoinsomeotheradvantagesincludingthesocialcohesionoftheuserswhohaveorganizedthemselvesinthisregime.Theauthorgivesanexampleofthe"L'illa"buildingtodemonstratetheseadvantages.

简介：ThewatersupplyandsanitationsysteminDaresSalaamfaUinawkwardconditioncausedbyseverewaste,poorinstallmenttechnology,inadequatecoverageandmaintenanceandlackofmodemsanitationmodels.FindingbothcentralauthoritiestechnicallyandeconomicaUyunabletoimproveit,localcitizengroupslookforaffordablewaysofimprovingthenecessaryinfrastructurethroughtheirownefforts.Whiletheirself-helpinitiativeshavebeensuccessful,theyurgentlyneedsupportininformationandtechnologyforbettersolutionsandproperuse.