简介：Inthe20yearsaftertheUNEnvironmentandDevelopmentConferencein1992,theessentialissuesinrelationtosustainabledevelopmenthavebeenunsolved.Theupcoming"Rio+20"conferenceputthefocusontheshifttowardsgreendevelopment.Toachievethisrequiresthechangeofsomeideologiesthatdominatehumanactions,suchastheconceptsofwealth,welfareandsecurity,anditalsorequireidentifyingthenewpositionofnatureresources,especiallythepositionofforest.Itwaspointedoutinthepaperthatforestisthefoundationofsocioeconomicdevelopmentandconstitutesbasicwealth,basicwelfareandbasicsecurityofthewholecommunityunderthegreendevelopmentcontext.Nevertheless,itisamusttoaggressivelyinvestanddevelopgreeneconomy.Itwasalsoproposedtosetupforestrydevelopmentorganizations,investmentmechanisms,policysystemandresearch&educationsystemcompatiblewithgreendevelopment.Moreover,someforestrypoliciesthatshouldberevisedwerecombed.

简介：PoplarisoneofthedominanttreespeciesfortheestablishmentoffastgrowingplantationsinShandongProvince.EighteenpoplarclonesbelongingtoPopulusaigeirossectionwereintroducedfromItaly,Turkeyanddomesticregions.Populusdeltoidescv.'Lux'I-69/55(I-69),whichwaswidelyusedinShandongProvince,China,wastakenascontrolclone(I-69).Followingarandomizedcompleteblockdesign,seedlingtestandcontrolledafforestationtrialswerecarriedoutatJuxianCounty,CaoxianCountyandLaiyangCity.Theresultsshowedthatthepoplarclone(Populus×euramericanacv.'102/74'),namely102/74,performedwellbothintermsofadaptabilityandgrowthrate.Themeanheightof13.9m(H),diameteratbreastheightof18.0cm(DBH)andvolumegrowthof0.1445m3(V)were2.2%,21.6%and52.9%higherthanthoseofI-69(CK),respectively,attheageof5yearsatthreeexperimentalsites.Moreover,theclonecanbepropagatedeasilyandshowedhighresistancetopoplardisease,pestaswellassalinityandhadlongergrowingperiod.Furthermore,woodbasicdensityandfiberlengthofnewpoplarclone(102/74)wereassameasI-69(CK).Itwasconcludedthattheselectedclone(102/74)wasidealfortheestablishmentoffast-growingpoplarplantations,especiallyforthepulpwoodplantationsinShandongProvince.

简介：Modernforestryfocusingonecologicaldimensionneedssomenewindicatorsdifferentfromthosedesignedforthetraditionalforestry.Onthebasisoftheevaluationindicatorsfortraditionalforestry,suchasforestcoverage,totalstandingstockvolumeandforestvolumeperunitarea,thepapercameupwithanewindicatorcalled"forestthickness"(FT).FTreferstothethicknesswhichcanbegotifusingtotalstockvolumeofforestandtreestocoverthetotallandinagivenarea,anditischargedb...

简介：Twenty-fivenewclonesbelongtoPopulusAigeirosofbothdomesticandforeignoriginhadbeenintroducedandtestedatnurserystageinShandongprovince.Resultsshowedthatheight(H),diameteratstembase(DO)andsurvivalrate(SR)variedsignificantlyandgeneticvariationwereverylargeamongtheclones.CVgandbroad-senseheritability(h^2)ofH,DOandSRof1-year-oldstocknurserywere7.43%,9.25%,18.78%and78.91%,96.31%,95.93%,respectively,showinghighgeneticcontrolonthetestedtraits.11superiorcloneswithcharacteristicsofhighgrowthrateandmediumorhighSRwereprimarilyselectedandgeneticgains(△G)ofH,DOandSRwere16.89%,16.08%and13.08%,respectively.Rootinghabitstestofsomeselectedcloneswerealsoconductedbasedonthecuttingcultureinwatercontainerandannualgrowthincrementmeasured.Thedateoffirstrootemergence,numberofmainroots,numberoflateralroots,lengthofmainrootsandtheemergencedateofgrowthpeakvariedtocertaindegreeamongtheselectedclones.

简介：Thefeasibilityofthetechnologieshasbeendiscussedinthepaperthatbambooisusedformiddlingandtop-gradebuildingconstruction,architecturedecorating,andothermajorapplications.Thecontentincludesthecurrentapplicationofbamboomaterialsinconstructionfield;thebamboobearingmaterialtechnologicalprocesssuchasthelaminatedbambooboard,bamboomatplywoodprocesses;bambooceilingandwallmaterialtechnologiessuchasthebambooparticleboard,cement-bondedbambooparticlebo...

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简介：Ricefieldsareecosystemswithmanytypesofplants,microbes,invertebrates,birdsandanimals.Thericefarmingprotectsthebiodiversityoftheregionandmaintainstheecosystemforthebenefitofenvironment.Somericevarietiesreleasebiocidalallelochemicalswhichmightaffectmajorweeds,microbialandpathogenicdiversityaroundriceplants,evensoilcharacteristics.Alargenumberofcompoundssuchasphenolicacids,fattyacids,indolesandterpeneshavebeenidentifiedinricerootexudatesanddecomposingriceresidues,asputativeallelochemicalswhichcaninteractwithsurroundingenvironment.Sincetheseallelopathicinteractionsmaybepositive,theycanbeusedaseffectivecontributorforsustainableandeco-friendlyagro-productionsystem.Geneticmodificationofcropplantstoimprovetheirallelopathicpropertiesandenhancementofdesirabletraitshasbeensuggested.Developmentofcropswithenhancedallelopathictraitsbygeneticmodificationshouldbedonecautiously,keepinginviewoftheecologicalriskassessment(non-toxicandsafeforhumansandecosystem,cropproductivity,ratioofbenefitandcost,etc.).

简介：Urbanforestisanimportantcompositionandthewindowandsoulofmoderncities,whichhasacloserelationshipwithecologicalenvironmentandinvestingenvironment.SourbanforesthasbeenconstructedinChina.HuainingCountycouldholdofthehistoricalopportunityandcomeupwiththegreatblueprintofforestecologicalnetworksystemconstructionforthenewtown.Thispapermainlyintroducestheguidingideas,principles,goalsandoveralllayoutsoftheconstructioninthenewtown,andhopethatitwillbeamodelforothercounty-levelforestecologicalnetworksystemconstructioninChina.

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简介：Themethodforcollectingeggsofthestripedstemborer.Chilosuppressalisusingplasticbagswasstudiedincomparisonwithusingcagedriceplants.TherewasnosignificantdifferenceinfecundityofC.suppressalisat279eggs/mothandinpercentageofhatchedeggsat95%betweeninplasticbagsandonriceplants.Moreeggmasseswerecollectedonplasticbagsthanonriceplants,whereasmoresmallereggmasses(lessthan100eggspermass)inplasticbagsthanonriceplants.TheadvantagesincollectingeggsofC.suppressalisandotherinsectsbyusingplasticbagswerealsodiscussed.

简介：瑞斯糠是从擦亮那的米饭的稳固的残余在动物营养和米饭采油被使用。有为mycotoxin污染的agro有毒，类脂化合物不稳定性，和趋势的耕作条件在人的营养限制它的申请。因此，器官的农业是一种选择使用大米糠的性质。瑞斯糠饮料是从器官的米饭的一个新谷物产品。这个工作介绍化学药品和变阻器的初步的结果洗澡的逻辑研究消毒了米饭糠饮料。与不可分的使脱去脂肪的牛奶，酱油摘录，和稻谷相比低脂肪的牛奶，在这个工作学习的米饭糠饮料作为矿物质和不饱和的类脂化合物的重要来源介绍自己。所有必要氨基酸在这个产品被发现。Glutamic和丁氨二酸酸是占优势的。在为15和30min煮水温度的洗澡加热杀菌法为微生物安全是足够的。为20天的制冷存储，由pH和酸味变化评估了，为对饮料保存时间的评价是理想的。饮料粘性具有牛顿的标准行为，并且它的粘性不在存储期间是一个好参数评估架生命。感觉偏爱测试为这新饮料显示出积极观点。

简介：Bt5198，包含Bt基因的一根新米饭restorer线，与BtMinghui63从精英restorer线Chenghui177的十字和回交被开发，一根转基因的Btrestorer线。生来的线用PCR扩大，测试纸评估，在实验室的昆虫抵抗评估和稻地被评估，大米强风抵抗的托儿所评估和农学的特点的家谱选择。当米饭灰煤杆在实验室与有斑纹的茎borer(SSB)的鸡蛋被接种时，Bt5198和BtMinghui63上的幼虫的死亡是100%。Bt5198在地条件下面对SSB和黄茎borer(YSB)是高度抵抗的。F1混血儿源于Bt5198和四细胞质的男性无菌(厘米)线对SSB和YSB也高度抵抗并且有重要杂种优势。米饭强风抵抗的二年的评估BtMinghui63比那些更好证实到叶的Bt5198的抵抗层次爆炸，颈强风类似于Chenghui177并且显著地的那些。Bt5198的种子萌芽能力和花粉产量与Chenghui177是类似的，建议进新restorer线的Bt基因的介绍没有种子活力或种子生产的收益上的重要效果。识别Bt基因的存在，把测试纸检查与昆虫抵抗的评估相结合是有效的，在实验室并且在地条件下面。

简介：Theoryandevidenceindicatethattreesandothervegetationinfluencetheatmosphericwater-cycleinvariousways.Theseinfluencesaremoreimportant,morecomplex,andmorepoorlycharacterisedthaniswidelyrealised.Whilethereislittledoubtthatchangesintreecoverwillimpactthewater-cycle,thewiderconsequencesremaindifficulttopredictastheunderlyingrelationshipsandprocessesremainpoorlycharacterised.Nonetheless,asforestsarevulnerabletohumanactivities,theselinkedaspectsofthewater-cyclearealsoatriskandthepotentialconsequencesoflargescaleforestlossaresevere.Here,fornon-specialistreaders,Ireviewourknowledgeofthelinksbetweenvegetation-coverandclimatewithafocusonforestsandrain(precipitation).Ihighlightadvances,uncertaintiesandresearchopportunities.Therearesignificantshortcomingsinourunderstandingoftheatmospherichydrologicalcycleandofitsrepresentationinclimatemodels.Abetterunderstandingoftheroleofvegetationandtree-coverwilreducesomeoftheseshortcomings.Ioutlineandilustratevariousresearchthemeswheretheseadvancesmaybefound.Thesethemesincludethebiologyofevaporation,aerosolsandatmosphericmotion,aswellastheprocessesthatdeterminemonsoonsanddiurnalprecipitationcycles.Anoveltheory-the‘bioticpump’-suggeststhatevaporationandcondensationcanexertamajorinfluenceoveratmosphericdynamics.Thistheoryexplainshowhighrainfallcanbemaintainedwithinthosecontinentalland-massesthataresufficientlyforested.Feedbackswithinmanyoftheseprocessescanresultinnon-linearbehavioursandthepotentialfordramaticchangesasaresultofforestloss(orgain):forexample,switchingfromawettoadrylocalclimate(orvisa-versa).Muchremainsunknownandmultipleresearchdisciplinesareneededtoaddressthis:forestscientistsandotherbiologistshaveamajorroletoplay.Newideas,methodsanddataofferopportunitiestoimproveunderstanding.Expectsurpr

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简介：叶区域索引(LAI)是陆地表面植被系统的一个重要特征，并且也是为平衡的全球水和碳循环的模型的一个关键参数。由使用Landsat-5蓝色的反射价值，绿、红的隧道从米饭反射光谱模仿了，到LAI的乐队的敏感被分析，并且对各种各样的NDVI(规范的差别植被索引)的估计LAI的反应和能力，它被与红、绿、蓝的乐队的所有可能的联合代替一般NDVI的红乐队建立，被估计。最后，结论被米饭数据以不同条件测试。到LAI的红、绿、蓝的乐队的敏感在各种各样的条件下面是不同的。当LAI是不到3时，红、蓝的乐队对LAI更敏感。不过绿乐队在这种情况下比红、蓝的乐队对LAI不太敏感，它对在一个更宽的范围的LAI敏感。当植被索引被红、绿、蓝的乐队的各种联合组成时，为使这些的敏感成为植被的前提索引到LAI有意义是联合之一的价值比0.024大，即可见反射(力)>0.024。否则，植被索引将被浸透，导致LAI的更低的评价精确性。索引从红、绿、蓝的乐队的各种联合导出到LAI评价的植被的能力上的比较显示出那GNDVI(格林NDVI)，GBNDVI(绿色蓝色的NDVI)与LAI有最好的关系。到LAI评价的GNDVI和GBNDVI的能力在不同情形下面被测试，并且一样的结果被获得。它建议了更好执行比常规NDVI预言LAI的那GNDVI和GBNDVI。

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简介：Background:Wildlifeandlivestockgrazingareimportantproductsofforestecosystems,butcanbecontroversial.HerbivorybyNorthAmericanelkanddomesticcattleisacontentiousmanagementissuethroughoutwesternNorthAmerica,oftendrivingmanagementproposalstodecreasecattleandelknumbersbasedonperceivedoverutilizationofforages.Suchobservationsareoftensitelevelratherthanlandscape,andmayconfuseecologicalsustainabilitywithdesiredconditions.Methods:Weusedlinetransectstodocumentvegetationcomposition,structure,andgrazingandbrowsingutilizationfor4keyhabitattypes:mountainmeadows,aspen,thinnedconifer,andburnedconiferonLincolnNationalForest,NewMexico,USA.Wedocumentedrelativehabitatuseofthesetypesbyelk,muledeer,andcattleandmodeledrelativeuseonresidualgrassbiomassofmountainmeadowsandbrowseutilizationofforestedtypes.Wedetermineddietsanddietqualityofelkandcattletoassessdegreeofcompetition.Results:Useofgrassesinmeadowswasbelowmanagementthresholds,andcombinedelk,cattle,anddeerrelativehabitatuseaccountedfor<14%ofthevarianceinresidualstubbleheightofPoapratensis,themostabundantgrass.Palatablebrowsewaslimitedinhabitattypes(<107stems·ha~(-1)),usewasgenerallyhigh,andelkpresencewascorrelatedwiththemajorityofbrowsing.Elkandcattledietsdidnotsignificantlyoverlap(Schoener'sindex0.54–0.57);elkfedprimarilyondeciduousshrubs(34%–55%ofannualdiets)andcattleongrass(72%–77%).Digestibilityandcrudeproteinlevelsofcattledietsandbodyconditionofelkindicatedhighqualitydietsforcattleandmarginal–goodqualitydietsforelk.Conclusions:Atobservedstockinglevelsanddensities,cattleandelkwerenotcompetingforforagebasedondietsimilarity,norwerekeyhabitattypesbeingusedbeyondsustainablelevels.LowbrowseavailabilityindicatesthatopportunityexiststoincreaseforageavailabilityonLincolnNationalForest,andthusmaintainorincreasepopu

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简介：叶颜色变化是变化的一个广泛地观察的类，起在叶绿素生合成的学习的一个重要作用并且种叶绿体结构，功能，遗传和开发。自然地发生的叶颜色米饭异种，Baihuaidao7，被分析。变异的植物典型地展出了green-white-green叶颜色前进，但是这显型仅仅面对象移植那样的机械苛责导致的一个压力信号被表示。在白叶子，变异的植物生长，叶颜色，叶绿素内容，和叶绿体的外观以前，超微结构看起来与野类型的那些相同。在到白叶颜色的转换以后，变异的叶子的考试在全部的叶绿素揭示了减少，叶绿素一，叶绿素b，和类胡萝卜素内容，在叶绿体grana薄片和grana的数字的减小，和thylakoid薄片的渐渐的降级。在成熟，变异的植物与野类型的植物相比被变白并且相形见绌。基因分析显示叶异种特性被后退的原子基因控制。变异的基因的基因印射用从Baihuaidao7栠灡导出的一张F2人口被执行吗？