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简介：TaijiquanisamartialartofthehighestorderisculturallyetchedintheChineseheritageandentrenchedinwushupulpfictionandkungfumovies.Thereinliestheenigma.Thegentleslow-motionpracticecannotbemoreremotefromthespeedandpowerofcombat.AndaddingtothemystiqueisthepropositionthatTaijiquan'skungfuprowessisnotdrawnfromthephysicalstrengthofthemusculaturebutfromsome"innerstrength"orNeijin.ThissacredbeliefwasdesecratedwhenafighterthrashedaselfproclaimedTaijiquangrandmasterignominiouslyin10secondsinanopenmatch.Taijiquanwasthenderidedasaboguscombatart.TheincidentshakesthefoundationofTaijiquanandputsintoquestionsmanyofitstoutedclaims,whichchallengesthescientificquestoftheart.ThepaperconfrontstheissuedirectlybystudyingthemanifestationofNeijinintheframeworkofsciencetoprovideascientificbasisfortheart.Ittranscribestheyin-yangmetaphysicsthatregulatesTaijiquantrainingintermsofthealignmentofmuscleactionstobalanceandtounifymomentum,whichdevelopsthecorestrengthofNeijinandtheunderlyinglife-forceQienergy.Fromthisflowsthekungfumarvels,whichlieinthelivelinessandagilityofNeijin'sresponseandintheforceensuingthatisoftherightvectorvalues,allessentialinthefluidityofcombatapplication.ThemartialaspectofTaijiquanprovidesaconcreterepresentationofNeijin,whichgivesanexperientialinsightintothemultifacetedconceptofQi,andinturnapathwaytotheexplorationofQiinphysiologyandthusinQienergymedicine.

简介：ThisisthespecialissuedevotedtobioinformaticsresearchinSingapore.BioinformaticsresearchinSingaporestartedlargelyin1996whentheBioinformaticsCenter,NationalUniversityofSingapore,wasformed.Withthegovernment'seffortstoturnSingaporeintoapowerhouseofbiomedicalresearch,theGenomeInstituteofSingaporeandtheBioinformaticsInstituteofSingaporehavebeenestablishedsince2000.Recently,abioinformaticsresearchcenterwasalsoformedintheNanyangTechnologicalUniversity.Currently,therearealargenumberofbioinformaticsresearchteamsineachoftheseinstitutions.

简介：Themodulationandcontrolofgecko'sfootmovementswerestudiedelectrophysiologicallyinordertodesignthemotorcontrolsystemofagecko-mimicrobot.Inthisstudy(1)theanatomyoftheperipheralnervescontrollingthegecko'sfootmovementswasdetermined;(2)therelationshipbetweenthelimbnervesofthegeckoanditsfootmotorpatternswasstudied;(3)theafferentimpulsesofthenervesevokedbyrubbingthegecko'stoesandpalmwererecorded;(4)copyingthenaturalpatternsofmovementofthegecko'sfoot(abduction,adduction,flexion,andrevolution)anditslimbnervemodulationandcontrolmechanism,thenerveswerestimulatedundercomputercontrol,andtheresultsrecordedbyCCD.Resultssuggestthatgecko'sfootmovementscanbesuccessfullycontrolledbyartificialelectricalsignals.

简介：Thesandfishisalizardhavingtheremarkableabilitytomoveindesertsandinaswimming-likefashion.Themostout-standingadaptationstothismodeoflifearethelowfrictionbehaviourandtheextensiveabrasionresistanceofthesandfishskinagainstsand,outperformingevensteel.Weinvestigatedthetopography,thecompositionandthemechanicalpropertiesofsandfishscales.Theseconsistofglycosylatedkeratinswithhighamountofsulphurbutnohardinorganicmaterial,suchassilicatesorlime.Remarkably,atomicforcemicroscopyshowsanalmostcompleteabsenceofattractiveforcesbetweenthescalesurfaceandasilicontip,suggestingthatthisisresponsiblefortheunusualtribologicalproperties.Theunusualglycosylationofthekeratinswasfoundtobeabsolutelynecessaryforthedescribedphenomenon.Thescalesweredissolvedandreconstitutedonapolymersurfaceresultinginpropertiessimilartotheoriginalscale.Thus,weprovideapathwaytowardsexploitationofthereconstitutedscalematerialforfutureengineeringapplications.

简介：China'sFreeARTProgramwasinitiatedin2002asanemergencyresponsetosaveandimprovethelivesofAIDSpatientslivingmainlyinimpoverishedruralregionsofcentralChina.WithlittleexperienceinHIV/AIDStreatmentandcareandresourcelimitations,China'seffortstoprovidewidespreadaccesstofreeantiretroviraltherapyhasbeenaprocessfraughtwithdifficulty.However,theFreeARTProgramisprogressingfromanemergencyresponsetoastandardizedtreatmentandcaresystem.Thedevelopmentofnationalguidelines,trainingprograms,alaboratorysupportnetwork,anationalpatientdatabase,programsforspecialpopulationssuchaschildrenandpatientslivingwithcoinfections,andoperationalresearchhasimprovedthescopeandqualityofthefreetreatmentprogram.AsofJune30,2005,atotalof19,456patientsin28provinces,autonomousregions,andspecialmunicipalitieshadreceivedfreeART.ChallengesstemmingfromthenatureofChina'shealthsystemandpatientpopulationpersist,butwithstronggovernmentsupportandadiversesetofresources,Chinahasthecapacitytoovercomethesechallengesandtoprovidenationwideaccesstohighqualitytreatmentandcare.

简介：Naturalcomposites,formedthroughbiomineralization,havehighlyorderedstructureswhichhavebeenaptlyexploredforfunctionalapplications.Thoughtheroleoforganicphaseshasbeenwellunderstoodinbiomineralization,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheroleofbio-membraneswhichareoftenfoundencapsulatingthechamberinwhichmineralizationoccurs.Wehaveusedthenaturalproteinandsemi-permeablemembraneofchickeneggstogrowdifferentmaterialssuchasceramics,semi-metalsandmetalstounderstandtheroleofbio-membranesinbiomineralization.Weherereportthesuccessfulbiomimeticsynthesisofcalcite,cadmiumsulphide,andsilverhavinghomogeneousmorphologies.Wehavefoundthatthemembraneoperateslikeatunedgateway,playingasignificantroleincontrollingthemorphologyoftheinorganiccrystalsformedduringbiomineralization.

简介：通过对20世纪80年代以来具有代表性的华北夏谷区审(鉴)定的20个主栽谷子品种进行SSR标记多态性分析,研究了华北地区育成谷子品种的遗传多样性。49对引物在20个谷子品种中扩增出具有多态性的条带,共检测出142个等位变异,平均每个位点检测出的等位变异数为2.96个。标记位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.0904~0.6896,平均为0.4168。20份材料间的遗传距离变幅为0.0173~0.9000,聚类分析将其分成3个类群,其中谷丰1号自成一类,表明谷丰1号的遗传距离较其他品种大。不同年代谷子品种间遗传距离分析结果显示,各年代品种之间的平均遗传距离由大到小依次是1980s>1990s>2000s>2010s,表明随着年代的递进育成品种的遗传差异减小,亲缘关系增近。

简介：Thecorona-likespikesorpeplomersonthesurfaceofthevirionunderelectronicmicroscopearethemoststrikingfeaturesofcoronaviruses.TheS(spike)proteinisthelargeststructuralprotein,with1,255aminoacids,intheviralgenome.Itsstructurecanbedividedintothreeregions:alongN-terminalregionintheexte-rior,acharacteristictransmembrane(TM)region,andashortC-terminusintheinteriorofavirion.WedetectedfifteensubstitutionsofnucleotidesbycomparisonswiththeseventeenpublishedSARS-CoVgenomesequences,eight(53.3%)ofwhicharenon-synonymousmutationsleadingtoaminoacidalternationswithpredictedphysiochemicalchanges.ThepossibleantigenicdeterminantsoftheSproteinarepredicted,andtheresultisconfirmedbyELISA(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay)withsynthesizedpeptides.AnotherprofoundfindingisthatthreedisulfidebondsaredefinedattheC-terminuswiththeN-terminusoftheE(envelope)pro-tein,basedonthetypicalsequenceandpositions,thusestablishingthestructuralconnectionwiththesetwoimportantstructuralproteins,ifconfirmed.Phyloge-neticanalysisrevealsseveralconservedregionsthatmightbepotentdrugtargets.

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简介：以pBRTM/HCV-3011模板,通过PCR法扩增ns5a、LISDR(左端序列)和RISDR(右端序列),分别经XhoⅠ/EcoRⅠ、XhoⅠ/HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ双酶切,连入穿梭质粒pEGFP-N3中,构建重组质粒pEGFP-N3-ns5a和pEGFP-N3-ns5a-△ISDR.对重组质粒进行酶切分析和序列测定.将这2种重组质粒通过电穿孔法转染HeLa细胞,然后在G418选择压力下进行有限稀释法筛选,用RT-PCR和荧光显微镜鉴定.经酶切鉴定和基因测序证实,重组穿梭质粒已插入目的片段ns5a、LISDR和RISDR.RT-PCR和荧光显微镜检测到目的基因的表达.以上结果说明成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-N3-ns5a和pEGFP-N3-ns5a-△ISDR,目的基因在HeLa细胞中得到表达,为研究HCVNS5A中是否存在抗干扰素治疗的功能蛋白提供了实验材料.

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简介：【目的】谷斑皮蠹是一种重要的检疫性害虫,在新疆周边多个国家分布,口岸检疫人员多次从进境货物中截获谷斑皮蠹,该虫对新疆的农业生产极具威胁。【方法】以谷斑皮蠹的16SrDNA基因为靶序列,用昆虫通用引物对4种供试皮蠹进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物进行克隆和测序,用生物软件设计检测谷斑皮蠹的特异性引物与探针。【结果】设计的特异性引物（TG-SNP-F/TG-SNP-R）及所建立的常规PCR方法能有效检测出谷斑皮蠹,其扩增产物的片段大小为250bp,灵敏度为3ng·μL^-1设计的特异性引物（TG-F/TG-R）和探针（TG-probe）,以及所建立的实时荧光PCR方法,对谷斑皮蠹的检测特异性强,灵敏度达0.8fg·μL^-1【结论】建立的常规PCR方法和实时荧光PCR检测方法能够对谷斑皮蠹进行准确鉴定,为口岸检疫人员检测进境货物中携带的谷斑皮蠹提供技术支持。

简介：近年来,随着现代化经济建设水平的不断提高,制药企业发展速度日益加快,制药企业生产车间的规范化管理也不断提上日程.技术水平与管理方法的创新在一定程度上促进了制药生产车间的科学化管理,6S管理在制药生产车间的广泛应用,使制药生产车间的管理更细化,最大限度的提高了制药生产车间工作人员的工作效率,增强了员工的工作积极性.本文就6S管理的基本内容进行阐述,并对6S管理在制药生产车间的应用展开详细论述.

简介：Thebindingofnuclearproteinspreparedfrommouseerythroidtissueindifferentdevelopmentalstagestothe5'-flankingregulatoryelementsofhumanβ-globingene,twonegativecontrolregions(NCR1,-610to-490bp;NCR2,-338,to-233bp),wasidentified.TwostagespecificproteinfactorscorrespondingtoembryonicandfetalstageswerefoundtobecapableofbindingtoNCR2.Thesedataprovidedevidencethatthecisactingelementsofthe5'-flankingregionmightbeinvolvedinthedevelopmentalcontrolofβ-globingeneandNCR2mightberesponsibleinartforthesilenceofβ-glolbingeneintheembryonicandfetalstages.

简介：在新一期美国《科学》杂志对“2008年值得关注的科研热点”的预测中，生命科学就占了5个席位，可以预见，2008年将又是一个生命科学研究热点年。

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNA)指导在基因表示的一个重要角色在植物为到环境条件的发展进程和回答要求了的顺序特定的posttranscriptional基因silencing玩。然而，很少对transcriptional和miRNA表示的posttranscriptional规定被知道。Histoneacetylation在染色质改变起一个重要作用并且为基因激活被要求。由在Arabidopsis的异种分析miRNAs和相应主要miRNAs的子集的累积，我们显示出那histoneacetyltransferaseGCN5(一般控制非镇压的protein5)在miRNA上有一般压抑的效果生产，当它为一个子集的表示被要求时(例如压力可诱导)MIRNA基因。在miRNA生产的GCN5的一般否定功能多半通过象DICERLIKE1(DCL1)那样的miRNA机械基因的间接压抑被完成，有锯齿(SE)，偏下性的LEAVES1(HYL1)和ARGONAUTE1(AGO1)。染色质immunoprecipitation试金表明GCN5指向到MIRNA基因的一个子集并且为在这些loci的histoneH3离氨酸14的acetylation被要求。而且，由trichostatin的histonedeacetylation的抑制一个处理或在histonedeacetylase，基因异种损害了某些miRNAs的累积。这些数据一起建议ArabidopsisGCN5在transcriptional和posttranscriptional层次防碍miRNA小径，histoneacetylation/deacetylation是涉及miRNA的规定的epigenetic机制生产。

简介：TheconditionofourEarthischanging,anditischangingduetohumandominance.Werealisedthatourinfluenceonbiotaisoverwhelming,buildinguptoamassextinction,thesixthinthehistoryoflifeonEarth.Thelaterthisrealisationisturnedintoactiontodecreaseourfatalinfluence,theworsearethechancesofthesurvivalofthehumanrace.Howcanwefail?Oneplausiblescenarioisthatthiscanhappenviathelossofecologicalservices

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