简介：ＰａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｏｆＦａｒｍｅｒｓ，ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＯｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅＧｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔＢｙＬｅｉＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ；ＬｉｎＢａｉＲｅｃｅｎｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙｓｅｃｔｏｒｈａｓｔｈｅ...

简介：<正>Thehistoryofhuman’ssocialdevelopmentindicatesthattheprogressanddevelopmentofasocietyistheresultofthecollaborativeroleofscienceandtechnologyadvancementandhumanesocietyprogress.”Humanslivenotonly

简介：Inthemiddle1970s,people’sawarenesstoforestryandtheimportantroleofforestryinruraldevelopmenthadgeneratedtremendouschanges,andthe8thWorldForestryCongress,convenedin1978,hasbecomeaturningpointforrevisingtheirforestrydevelopingstrategiesandforestrydevelopingpr

简介：Forestryisanimportantindicatorofacountryandregion’scivilization,alsoanimportantcomponentofthecountry’snationaleconomy;theparticipationofbroadmassestoforestryproductiondirectlyinfluencethemtomakethemostoftheirforestryproductioninitiativesandintegratedbenefitsoflocalforestry.Withtheincreasingdevelopme

简介：<正>Communityforestryisaforestrydevelopmentandmanagementmodewithagriculturalcommunityasbasis,itisaforestmanagementorforestryproductionactivitydirectlyservingthelocalfarmersormainlyservingthem,andorganizedbylocalfarmersorpositivelyparticipatedbythem.Asacomprehensiveconceptionandmethodologysystem,communityforestryhasbeenimplementedsofarinanumberofdevelopingcountries.InChina’sofficialdocumentssuchasChinaAgenda21,thedevelopmentofcommunityforestryhasbeenofficiallyputforeword.

简介：TheprojectofSichuanCommunityForestry,fundedbytheFordFoundationandassistedandguidedbyRECOFTC,isaseriesofactivitiesofresearch,practiceandpromotionofthebestmanagementandoperationalmodesimplementedintheareaoftheprojectofYangtzeriverprotectiveforest.Since1992,Sichuancommunityforestryhascarriedoutsomepilo

简介：ＳｔｕｄｙＴｏｕｒｏｎＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙａｎｄＡｇｒｏｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＡｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ（Ｓｅｐｔ．１６－２９，１９９６）Ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｔｏｕｒｗｉｌｌｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ４ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｍｏｄｅｌｓｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌ／...

简介：ＡｎＡｍｐｌｅａｎｄＶｉｇｏｒｏｕｓＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙａｎｄＮａｔｕｒｅＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＡｒｅａ￥ＢｙＷｅｎＹｕａｎｇｕａｎｇ；ＬｉａｎｇＨｏｎｇｗｅｎＭａｓｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ，ｓｉｔｕａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＧｕａｎｇｘｉＺｈｕａｎｇ...

简介：ByWenZuowuandGanLu1.CommunityForestryandMountainEnclosureforReforestationTheterm"communityforestry"hasbeenintroducedintoChinainrecentyears.Althoughinthepasttheterm"communityforestry"wasnotused,thepracticehasalonghistoryinChina,especiallyintheruralareaofsouthernChinawhereindividualhouseholdsorcollect

简介：Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙｉｓｏｎｅｆｏｒｍｏｆｌａｎｄｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎａｒｅａｓ．Ｔｈｅｐｒｉｍａｒｙａｉｍｓｏｆｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙａｒｅｔｏｂｏｏｓｔｔｈｅｒｕ...

简介：Communityforestryisaforestryactivitywithlocalfarmersasthemainbody,andincreasinglocalfarmers’economicreturnsandimprovingcommunityecologicalenvironmentaspurposes.Itsbasicdifferencewithforestryactivitywithgovernmentofficialsasthemainbodyandmodernengineeringtechnologyasmeansandecological-environmentbene

简介：Background:WithfarmlandafforestationbecomingcommonpolicyinmanyEuropeanUnioncountries,westudiedhowearlyforestsuccession(frommeadowtoyoungstand)influencessmallmammalspeciescomposition,diversity,abundanceandbiomass.Despitenumerousinvestigationsintoforestsuccession,almostnoattentionhasbeengiventothesmallmammalcommunitychangeintheearly-successionalforestecosystems,startingwiththepre-foresthabitatandendingwithstandformationandtheestablishmentoftreedominance.Wecomparedsmallmammalcommunitiesinmeadowsattheinitialstageofregrowth(withsaplingslessthan10cminheight),inyoungforest(5–10yearsold)andmoreadvancedforest(15–20years)inbothcasesofhuman-inducedforestsuccession,wherethetreeshadbeenplanted,andnaturalforestsuccession,wherenaturalregrowthofmeadowshadoccurred.Results:Thegreatestdiversityofsmallmammalspecieswasrecordedinthemeadow(H=2.95),withalowerdiversityfoundintheyoungforest(H=2.61)andevenlowerintheadvancedforest(H=2.04),thelasthabitatbeingthemostmonodominantic.TheorderofspeciesdominancefromMicrotussp.(M.arvalis,M.agrestis),Myodesglareolus,Apodemusflavicollis,Sorexaraneus,A.agrariusinthemeadowchangedtoM.glareolus,S.araneus,M.arvalis,M.agrestisintheyoungforestandtoM.glareolus,A.flavicollis,S.araneusintheadvancedforest.Thelowestrelativeabundanceofsmallmammalswasrecordedinthemeadow(18.19±2.27ind.Per100trap-days),withMicrotusvolesbeingthemostabundant.Relativeabundancewashigherintheyoungforest(22.72±2.25ind.Per100trap-days),withMyodesglareolusbeingthemostabundant(7.59±0.96ind.Per100trap-days)andatitshighestintheadvancedforest(23.91±2.77ind.Per100trap-days),againwithM.glareolusbeingthemostabundant(15.54±2.35ind.Per100trap-days).Conclusions:Thus,ouranalysissuggeststhatthatduringearlymeadow-forestsuccession,thediversityofthe

简介：Theculturablebacterialpopulationandphospholipidfattyacid(PLFA)profileofcasingsoilwereinvestigatedatdifferentmushroom(Agaricusbisporus)croppingstages.ThechangeinsoilbacterialPLFAswasalwaysaccompaniedbyachangeinthesoilculturablebacterialpopulationinthefirstflush.ComparativelyhigherculturablebacterialpopulationandbacterialPLFAswerefoundinthecasingsoilattheprimordiaformationstageofthefirstflush.TherewasasignificantincreaseintheratiooffungaltobacterialPLFAsduringmushroomgrowth.MultivariateanalysisofPLFAdatademonstratedthatthemushroomcroppingstagecouldconsiderablyaffectthemicrobialcommunitystructureofthecasingsoil.Thebacterialpopulationincreasedsignificantlyfromcasingsoilapplicationtotheprimordiaformationstageofthefirstflush.Casingsoilapplicationresultedinanincreaseintheratioofgram-negativebacterialPLFAstogram-positivebacterialPLFAs,suggestingthatsomegram-negativebacteriamightplayanimportantroleinmushroomsporophoreinitiation.

简介：SinceintroducingtoYunnanProvinceinearly1980s,communityforestryhascarriedoutexploratorypracticesinanumberofregionsoftheprovinceandhasgenerateddifferenttypesofcommunityforestrypattern.ThecommunityforestrypracticeofState-ownedNiudaForestFarmoverthelastcouple

简介：Ｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｏｆｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇａｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔｍａｒｋｅｔｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ，ｉｔｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｏｃｉａｌｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙｔｏｓａｆｅｇｕａｒｄｔｈ...

简介：1ThestudybackgroundandgoalsGuizhouprovinceissituatedintheeasternpartofYunnan-Guizhouplateau,mountainandhillyareaaccountsfor90%ofthetotalarea,isthetypicalmountainousagricultureprovince,andisalsoaprovinceconcentratedwithethnicminorities.Guizhouisthepoorestp

简介：ThemethodsofvegetationecologywereusedtoanalyzethecommunitystructureofHefeiRingPark,andspeciescomposition,distributionpatternoftreeheightandDBHweredescribed.Throughcalculationoftreegrowthindexandassociationcorrelationofcomponentspecies,thecommunitystructureswereanalyzed.Theresultsshowedthatcommunitystructuresarecomplex,thereare22pairsofspecieswithpositiveassociation,andtreeindividualinthefollowingcommunitiesgrowwellandaremorestable,themajorarePlatycladusorientalis-Prunuscerasiferafatropurpurea-Osmanthusfragrans,Robiniapseduacacia-Ligustrumlucidum,Robiniapseudoacacia-Ginkgobiloba-Photiniaserrulata,Populuscadadensis-Ligustrumlucidum-Osmanthusfragrans,Sophorajaponica-Ligustrumlucidum-Buxussinica,Cyclobalanopsisglauca-Distyliumracemosum.

简介：Thedynamicsofrhizospheremicrobialcommunitiesisimportantforplanthealthandproductivity,andcanbeinfluencedbysoiltype,plantspeciesorgenotype,andplantgrowthstage.ApotexperimentwascarriedouttoexaminethedynamicsofmicrobialcommunitiesintherhizosphereoftwosoybeangenotypesgrowninablacksoilinNortheastChinawithalonghistoryofsoybeancultivation.Thetwosoybeangenotypes,Beifeng11andHai9731,differinginproductivityweregrowninamixtureofblacksoilandsiliceoussand.Thebacterialcommunitieswerecomparedatthreezonelocationsincludingrhizoplane,rhizosphere,andbulksoilatthethirdnode(V3),earlyflowering(R1),andearlypod(R3)stagesusingpolymerasechainreaction-denaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)of16SrDNA.Theresultsofprincipalcomponentanalyses(PCA)showedthatthebacterialcommunitystructurechangedwithgrowthstage.Spatially,thebacterialcommunitiesintherhizoplaneandrhizosphereweresignificantlydifferentfromthoseinthebulksoil.Nevertheless,thebacterialcommunitiesintherhizoplaneweredistinctfromthoseintherhizosphereattheV3stage,whilenoobviousdifferenceswerefoundattheR1andR3stages.Forthetwogenotypes,thebacterialcommunitystructurewassimilarattheV3stage,butdifferedattheR1andR3stages.Inotherwords,somebacterialpopulationsbecamedominantandsomeothersrecessiveatthetwolaterstages,whichcontributedtothevariationofthebacterialcommunitybetweenthetwogenotypes.Theseresultssuggestthatsoybeanplantscanmodifytherhizospherebacterialcommunitiesintheblacksoil,andthereexistedgenotype-specificbacterialpopulationsintherhizosphere,whichmayberelatedtosoybeanproductivity.

简介：植物，昆虫和25个森林社区的森林结构在Mao'ershan试验性的福雷斯特农场和Liangshui被调查试验性的福雷斯特农场在1994鈥?期间995。纸把连续统索引(Ci)用作一个参数，到份量上描述森林社区继任舞台。在生物多样性和森林社区的连续统索引之间的关系被学习。在森林植物社区的年度种类和家庭差异与连续统索引显示出非线性的关联，并且最大的差异在继任的中间的阶段期间。全部的昆虫社区和食草的昆虫组的差异是否定地相关的withCi，spide组和寄生昆虫组的断然被联系。模式差异和范围重量差异索引叶子高度与连续统索引增加了。

简介：Fourvegetationtypes,namelyconiferousandbroadleavedmixedforest,secondarydeciduousbroadleavedforest,openshrubsandmeadow,withdwarfbamboo(Indocalamuswilsoni)arecomparedontheirfloristiccomposition,lifeform,communitystructure,andsurvivorshipofbamboos.Disturbanceofconifer-loggingtwodecadesagopromotedthespeciesdi-versity,butnegativelyinfluencedthesurvivorshipofdwarfbamboowhichisdominateontheforestfloor.Openshrubsbearmorespeciesdiversityandmoregeophytesinitslife-formspectrumthanitsbackgroundvegetationsubalpinemeadow,how-ever,dwarfbambooisgrowingmuchbetterintheopenshrubsthaninthemeadow.Itseemsdwarfbambooprobablyfavor-itestooccurinthevegetationatgentleslopeswithamediatecanopycover.Itsmassfloweringinthesecondarydeciduousforestsuggeststhatasimultaneousfloweringandfollowingdiebackmaybeirruptintherecentlycomingyearsoverthesubal-pineShennongjiainChina,whichwillbenotonlyalterthefloristiccompositionandcommunitystructureoftheoldbamboostands,butalsoinfluencethesurvivorshipofthisrarespecies.