简介:Hydrotalcitecanactasaco-stabilizerwithothermainstabilizerforpoly(vinylchloride)(PVC).ThethermalstabilityandfluidpropertyofPVCfilledwithhydrotalcitesurface-treatedwithtitanateandsilanewerestudiedinthiswork.OrganicSnisamainstabilizerandhydrotalciteisastabilizingassistant.ThestabilityofthePVCresinmixedwithorganicSnandhydrotalciteisbetterthanthatofthePVCresinmixedwithorganicSnalone.ItisshownthatthePVCresinfilledwithhydrotalcitepossessesabetterstaticanddynamicheatstability.Moreover,hydrotalcitecanimprovethefluidpropertyofPVC,whichisadvantageoustotheprocessingofPVC,andtheoptimumcontentofhydrotalciteisabout1%-2%(massfraction).
简介:Inordertopredictthemechanicalperformanceofthepolyvinylchloride(PVC)atahighoperatingtemperature,aseriesofshort-termtensilecreeptests(onetenthofthephysicalagingtime)ofthePVCarecarriedoutat63Cwithasmallconstantstressbyadynamicmechanicalanalyzer(DMA).TheStruik-Kohlrausch(SK)formulaandStruikshiftingmethodsareusedtodescribethesecreepdataforvariousphysicalagingtime.AnewphenomenologicalmodelbasedonthemultiplerelaxationmechanismsofanamorphouspolymerisdevelopedtoquantitativelycharacterizetheSKparameters(theinitialcreepcompliance,thecharacteristicretardationtime,andtheshapefactor)determinedbytheagingtime.ItisshownthatthemomentarycreepcompliancecurveofthePVCat63CcanbeverywellfittedbytheSKformulaforeachagingtime.However,theSKparametersforthecreepcurvesarenotconstantduringtheagingprocessattheelevatedtemperatures,andtheevolutionoftheseparametersandthecreeprateversusagingtimecurvesatthedoublelogarithmiccoordinateshaveshownanonlinearphenomenon.Moreover,thecreepmastercurvesobtainedbythesuperpositionwiththeStruikshiftingmethodsareunsatisfactoryinsuchacase.Finally,thepredictedresultscalculatedfromthepresentmodelincorporatingwiththeSKformulaareinexcellentagreementwiththecreepexperimentaldataforthePVCisothermallyagedatthetemperaturerelativelyclosetotheglasstransitiontemperature.
简介:HEATS OF INTERACTION OF ORGANIC BASES WITH POLYMER PROTECTED CATALYST PVC-AlCl_3HEATSOFINTERACTIONOFORGANICBASESWITHPOLYMERPR...
简介:ThePVCservesofmacroporoussulfoniccation-exchangeresinswerepreparedbythesulfonationofamacroporousPVCbeadwithconcentratedsulfonicacidorchlorosulfonicacid.theresultingsulfonicresinwasemployedintheinvestigationofcatalyticesterificationandsolfteningofwater,Theresultsshowthattheyieldsofestersreach60.0-84.4%accordingasdifferentfattyacidsandalcohols,therefractiveindexesofestersobtainedresemblethosereportedinthereferencesbasically,meanwhile,345Lsoftenedwaterwhichholds≤0.06mmol/Lhardnesswouldbepreparedby1Lwetsulfonicresinreusingfor4times.Theresultingsulfonicresinswouldhave1.6-2.0or2.5-3.0mmol/gexchangecapacitybyusingconcentratedsulfonicacidorchlorosulfonicacidassulfonatingagent,respectively,Thesulfonicresinhasamacroporousstructuretakingthemorphologywithagglomeratesofminutelysphericalgelparticlesascharacteristic.
简介:城市生活垃圾袋装化已成为我国城市生活垃圾主要的收集方式,在垃圾处理过程中,根据选择性破碎的原理,开发、研制了破袋破碎分选机。其工作原理是:当袋装生活垃圾由进料口进入破袋破碎分选机内,经过低速破袋破碎辊筒的第一次破袋后,在袋内垃圾分散的同时进行选择性破碎,即对大块的有机物进行破碎,对大块、硬质无机物不进行破碎;高速破袋破碎辊筒将低速破袋破碎辊筒破袋不充分的垃圾袋再次进行破袋,同时再次对垃圾进行选择性破碎,使大块有机物得到充分破碎,有利于后续分选:两级避让装置和破袋破碎刀片的自我保护功能能够使大块、硬质无机物不被破碎而直接通过。拨料辊筒中伸缩运动的拨料棒将破袋后的塑料袋、柔韧性物料和大块无机物挑走。垃圾中的有机物和无机物由不同的出料口排出。
简介:Richardson-Kolmogorov能量级串理论是湍流研究中最重要的基础理论,其中一个推论是能量的传输和耗散应当是均衡的,对应于耗散系数Cε为常数.然而近些年的实验及数值模拟都发现了不符合RichardsonKolmogorov能量级串理论的非均衡耗散律,即使在此区域内Reynolds数足够高,能谱满足Kolmogorov的-5/3标度律,Cε也不为常数,而满足Cε-ReI-m/ReL-n,其中m≈1≈n,ReI为入口Reynolds数,ReL为以积分尺度为特征长度的当地Reynolds数.近三年来又发现流向速度梯度扭率Sk和Lagrange速度梯度自相关的时间演化Φ'(ijij)也可以用来度量非均衡湍流现象,为非均衡湍流的研究开辟了新路.
简介:相对于一般的硬物质(如金属、半导体,陶瓷等),软物质是介于理想固体和流体之间的复杂状态物质(又称复杂流体,软凝聚态物质),如生命物质、聚合物、液晶、土壤、胶体、薄膜、颗粒物质、多孔岩层、石油等。软物质的物理性质主要由其介观(介于宏观和微观之间)尺度的大分子或基团的结构和性质决定,现有的物理和力学理论还不能很好地解释其运动规律和行为。本研究主要包括3个方面的内容:(1)以研究软物质的宏观力学行为为研究对象的软物质力学(唯象);(2)描述软物质的介观量子力学理论;(3)软物质介观尺度的时空结构。另一方面,统称分数阶时间导数、LeVy稳态分布、分数布朗运动、Hurst指数、I/f能谱、分形等数学方法为分数阶数学。