简介：Al-richmetapelitesfromtheMashankhondaliteseriesarecharacterizedbytheassemblageSpl+Grt+Sil+Crd+Bt+Pl(An72)+Kfs+Quartz+graphite.Largeamountsofspinel+quartzassemblagesoccurasinclusionsingarnetandprismaticsillimaniteintheAl-richmetapelitesoftheMashancomplex,NEChina.ThechemicalcompositionofspinelischaracterizedbyZn-rich(XZn=0.33–0.40.XZn=Zn/Zn+Mg+Fe*)(Fe*=Fe2++Fe3+)andFe3+rich(upto0.31p.f.u.).ThecharacteristicchemicalcompositionandthemineralassociationindicatedthattheformationofspinelandquartzassemblagemaybeduetothebreakdownofZn-richstaurolite.ThegeothermobarometersstudiesshowthatthepeaktemperatureoftheMashancomplexisaround820℃andthepeakpressuresis8.0kbar.TheMashancomplexshowsatypicalorogenstyleP-Tpath.

简介：Ultramafichypoxenolithsfoundinthealkali-richporphyryintheLiuheVillage,Heqing,Yunnan,China,areofgreatsignificanceinunderstandingtheoriginandevolutionoftheporphyry.Thispaperdiscussesthemineralogicalfeaturesofthehypoxenoliths.Itshowsthatthexenolithsarecharacterizedbytheuppermantlerocksmodifiedtocertainextentbytheenrichedmantlefluidmetasomatisminthemantleenvironment,withtheenrichedmantlepropertyofIow-degreepartialmelting.Thisconstitutestheimportantmineralogicalevidenceforthepetrogenesisandmineralizationofalkali-richporphyry.

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简介：Thecurrentadvancesinthestudyofgeochemistryandpaleo-oceanographyoftheCo-richcrustarereviewedinthispaper.WesummarizethestudyofgeochemistryoftheCo-richcrust,discussthediffusionofelementsintheCo-richcrustandtheexchangewithambientseawater.Besides,wediscusstheeffectofphosphatizationandsubstraterocksonthecompositionoftheCo-richcrust.Wealsointroducetheapplicationofstableisotopes(includingthestableisotopesofPb,Nd,andHf),radioactiveisotopes(includingtheradioactiveisotopesofBe,UandTh),andelements(includingthemajorelements,minorelementsandrareearthelements)tothestudyofpaleo-oceanographyoftheCo-richcrust.

简介：CassiteritesfromboththeBeauvoirandMontebrasgeanitedofFrancearetypicallyrichintraceelementssuchasNbandTa,andcontainquiteanumberofinclusionsofcolumbite(dominantlymanganocolumbite).TwothinsectionsofcassiteritecrystalshavebeenpreparedforRamanmicroprobeanalysis).Thespectraobtainedfromdifferentpartsofthecassiteritesshowthatthevibra-tionfrequencyoftheA1gpeakdecreaseswithincreasingNb,Ta,FeandMnatomiccontents.Itisworthytonotethatanewpeak(namedthe“Anpeak”)hasbeenreportedforthefirsttimeinthepartwithorientedcolumbiteinclusions.Thevibrationfrequencyvariesfrom827to830cm^-1.ThepresenceofthenewpeakmaybeattributedtostructuralchangesofcassiteriteduetotheexcessofNbandTainthelatticeandtheexsolutionofcolumbiteinclusionsincassiterite.

简介：FivenearlyE-W-trendingalkali-richigneousrockbeltsaredistributedfromnorthtosouthinnorthernXinjiang,andtheyarecomposedmainlyofriebeckite,K-feldspargraniteandhigh-Kandmedium-Kcalc-alkalinevolcanicrocksandshoshonite.TheyweremainlyemplacedoreruptedbetweentheCarboniferousandPermian.ThecompositionsofSr,Nd,Pb,andOisotopesimplythattheirprincipalresourcematerialsarederivedfromtheuppermantleorjuvenilecrust,indicatingobviouscontinentalgrowthinthePhanerozoic.Thetraceelementassociationimpliesthattheirtectonicsettingsarewithinplateandvolcanicarcforalkali-richgranites,andpost-collisionalarc,lateoceanicarcandcontinentalarcforalkali-richvolcanicrocks.AnarchipelagomodelwassuggestedforthetectonicevolutioninnorthernXinjiang.Itcanbenamedthecentral-Asia-typeorogeny,whichisdifferentfromthesocalledcircum-Pacificocean-continent-typetectonicsortheAlpine-Himalayancontinent-continent-collisional

简介：Withthetechnologicaldevelopmentofexploitationandseparation,theprimarysourceoflithiumhasgraduallychangedfromoretobrine,whichhasbecomethemainrawmaterial,accountingformorethan80%ofthetotalproduction.Resourcesoflithium-bearingbrineareabundantinChina.Thispaperhassummarizedthespatialandtemporaldistribution,characteristics,andformationmechanismofthelithium-richbrineinChina,aimingtoprovideacomprehensivesetofguidelinesforfuturelithiumexploitationfrombrines.Lithiumbrinesusuallyexistinmodemsalinelakesanddeepundergroundsedimentaryrocksassubsurfacebrines.ThemetallogenicepochofChina'slithium-richbrinespansfromtheTriassictotheQuaternary,andthesebrinesexhibitobviousregionaldistributioncharacteristics.Modemlithium-richsalinelakesarepredominatelylocatedintheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Incomparison,thesubsurfacelithium-richbrinesaremainlydistributedinthesedimentarybasinsofSichuan,Hubei,Jiangxi,andthewesternpartoftheQaidamBasin.Lithium-richsalinelakesarechloride-enriched,sulfate-enriched,andcarbonateenriched,whilethedeeplithium-richbrinesaremainlychloride-enriched.Onthewhole,thevalueofMg/Liindeepbrineisgenerallylowerthanthatofbrineinsalinelakes.Thegenesisoflithium-richbrinesinChinaisnotuniform,generallytherearetwoprocesses,whicharerespectivelysuitableforsaltlakesanddeepbrine.

简介：<正>AfterstudyingsystematicallyPetrology,Mineralogy,Petrochemistry,REEgeochemistryandstrontium,sulphur,leadisotopeofthealkali-richgraniteprophyrydistribuledextensivelytheYangtzeplatfromwesternmargin’salkali-richgraniteporphyrywepointoutthatthealkali-richgraniteporphyryhavethepropertiesofnewintrusiveages,Rangeoftheisotopeageisform36Mato51Ma,theybelongtotheHimalayadate,Mainmineralcomponetsofthealkali-richgraniteporphyryconsistofk-fcldspar(35~45x),quartz(36x±)plagioclase(15x±)andbiotitc(10x±).Accessorymineralsoftherockbelongtotypeof

简介：Lepingcoal(includingbarkinite-richcoal)isauniquekindofcoal,whichiswidelydistrbutedintheLatePermianLonganFormation,SouthChina,Inthispaper,ROck-Eval,Py-GCandsimulationexperimentviaanopen-systemwereusedtostudythehydrocarbon-generatingpotential,hydrocarboncomposition.andhydrocarbon-generatingmodelofbarkiniterichcoalsfromtheshuichengcoalfieldofGuizhouProvince,SouthwestChina.Theresultsshowthatbarkinite-richcoalshavehighhydrocarbon-generatingpotential,withS1+S2being211-311mg/g,andcanproducelargeamountsofhydrocorbonatthehigh-maturitystage,mostlywithinthetemperaturerangeof420-450℃(correspondingtoVR01.1-1.5%);barkinite-richcoalisoneofthebetteroilsourcesandlighthydrocarbonandwetgasarethemajorhydrocarboncomponents,whichaccountfor45%and33%ofthetotalhydrocarbons.respectively.ThesecharacteristicsareofimportanceforexploringoilandgasresourcesintheLatepermianLongtanFormationcoals,southwestChina.

简介：CO2富有的冷弹簧在Wudalianchi发生在活跃火山附近()，东北中国。弹簧富于CO2，与HCO3吗？作为占优势的阴离子并且提高了全部的溶解固体(TDS)的内容(>1000mg/L)，Fe2+(>20mg/L)，Sr(>1mg/L)，并且溶解Si(>20mg/L)。弹簧的逃离并且溶解的气体的作文是类似的。在在Wudalianchi的矿泉的逃离的气体和溶解气体的13C价值变化从?8.77到?4.53并且?8.24到?5.26当18O价值变化从时?10.68到?7.65并且?10.30到?8.84，分别地在弹簧显示逃离的气体和溶解气体的CO2的一样的上面的披风起源。碳和氧同位素分别和water-CO2交换在地下水流动的过程是弱的。4He内容超过5000

简介：Modelinggeomechanicalpropertiesofshalestomakesenseoftheircomplexpropertiesisattheforefrontofpetroleumexplorationandexploitationapplicationandhasreceivedmuchresearchattentioninrecentyears.Ashale'skeygeomechanicalpropertieshelptoidentifyits'fracibility'itsfluidflowpatternsandrates,anditsin-placepetroleumresourcesandpotentialcommercialreserves.Themodelsandtheinformationtheyprovide,inturn,enableengineerstodesigndrillingpatterns,fracture-stimulationprogramsandmaterialsselectionthatwillavoidformationdamageandoptimizerecoveryofpetroleum.Awide-rangeoftools,technologies,experimentsandmathematicaltechniquesaredeployedtoachievethis.Characterizingtheinterconnectedfracture,permeabilityandporositynetworkisanessentialstepinunderstandingashaleshighly-anisotropicfeaturesonmultiplescales(nanotomacro).Well-logdata,anditspetrophysicalinterpretationtocalibratemanygeomechanicalmetricstothosemeasuredinrocksamplesbylaboratorytechniquesplaysakeyroleinprovidingaffordabletoolsthatcanbedeployedcost-effectivelyinmultiplewellbores.Likewise,microseismicdatahelpstomatchfracturedensityandpropagationobservedonareservoirscalewithpredictionsfromsimulationsandlaboratorytestsconductedonidealised/simplifieddiscretefracturenetworkmodels.Shalescomplexwettability,adsorptionandwaterimbibitioncharacteristicshaveasignificantinfluenceonpotentialformationdamageduringstimulationandtheshort-termandlongtermflowofpetroleumachievable.Manygasflowmechanismsandmodelsareproposedtakingintoaccountthemultipleflowmechanismsinvolved(e.g.,desorption,diffusion,slippageandviscousflowoperatingatmultipleporositylevelsfromnano-tomacro-scales).Fittinghistoricalproductiondataandwelldeclinecurvestomodelpredictionshelpstoverifywhethermodel'sgeomechanicalassumptionsarerealisticornot.Thisreviewdiscussesthetechniques

简介：AsshaleexploitationisstillinitsinfancyoutsideNorthAmericamuchresearcheffortisbeingchannelledintovariousaspectsofgeochemicalcharacterizationofshalestoidentifythemostprospectivebasins,formationsandmaptheirpetroleumgenerationcapabilitiesacrosslocal,regionalandbasin-widescales.Themeasurementoftotalorganiccarbon,distinguishingandcategorizingthekerogentypesintermsoil-proneversusgas-prone,andusingvitrinitereflectanceandRock-Evaldatatoestimatethermalmaturityarestandardpracticeintheindustryandappliedtosamplesfrommostwellboresdrilled.Itisthetrendsofstableisotopesratios,particularlythoseofcarbon,thewetnessratio(C1/∑(C2+C3)),andcertainchemicalbiomarkersthathaveprovedtobemostinformativeaboutthestatusofshalesasapetroleumsystem.Thesedatamakeitpossibletoidentifyproduction'sweet-spots',discriminateoil-,gas-liquid-andgas-proneshalesfromkerogencompositionsandthermalmaturities.Rolloversandreversalsofethaneandpropanecarbonisotoperatiosareparticularlyindicativeofhighthermalmaturityexposureofanorganic-richshale.Comparisonsofhopane,streraneandterpanebiomarkerswithvitrinitereflectance(Ro)measurementsofthermalmaturityhighlightdiscrepanciessuggestingthatRoisnotalwaysareliableindicatorofthermalmaturity.Majorandtraceelementinorganicgeochemistrydataandratiosprovidesusefulinformationregardingprovenance,paleoenvironments,andstratigraphic-layerdiscrimination.Thisreviewconsidersthedatameasurement,analysisandinterpretationoftechniquesassociatedwithkerogentyping,thermalmaturity,stableandnon-stableisotopicratiosforrocksandgasesderivedfromthem,productionsweet-spotidentification,geochemicalbiomarkersandinorganicchemicalindicators.Italsohighlightsuncertaintiesanddiscrepanciesobservedintheirpracticalapplication,andthenumerousoutstandingquestionsassociatedwiththem.

简介：Shales,themostabundantofsedimentaryrocks,arevaluedasthesource-rocksandsealstoporouspetroleumreservoirs.Overthepast-twentyyears,organic-richshaleshavealsoemergedasvaluablepetroleumsystems(reservoir,seal,andsourcerockscontainedinthesameformation).Assuchtheyhavebecomeprimarytargetsforpetroleumexplorationandexploitation.ThisPart1ofathree-partreviewaddressesthebulkproperties,multi-scalegeometryandgasadsorptioncharacteristicsofthesediverseandcomplexrocks.Shalesdisplayextremelylowpermeability,andtheirporosityisalsolow,butmulti-scale.Characterizingthegeometryandinterconnectivityofthepore-structureframeworkswiththenatural-fracturenetworkswithinshalesisessentialforestablishingtheirpetroleumexploitationpotential.Organic-richshalestypicallycontaintwodistincttypesofporosity:matrixporosityandfractureporosity.Inadditiontointer-granularporosity,thematrixporosityincludestwotypesofmineral-hostedporosity:inorganic-mineral-hostedporosity(IP);and,organic-matter-hosted(withinthekerogen)porosity(OP).Whereas,thefractureporosityandpermeabilityiscrucialforpetroleumproductionfromshales,itiswithintheOPwhere,typically,muchofthein-situoilandgasresourcesresides,andfromwhereitneedstobemobilized.OPincreasessignificantlyasshalesbecomemorethermallymature(i.e.,withinthegasgenerationzones),andplaysakeyroleintheultimaterecoveryfromshale-gassystems.Shales'methanesorptioncapacities(MSC)tendstobepositivelycorrelatedwiththeirtotalorganiccarboncontent(TOC),thermalmaturation,andmicroporevolume.Claymineralsalsosignificantlyinfluencekeyphysicalpropertiesofshalerelatedtofluidflow(permeability)andresponsetostress(fracability)thatdeterminetheirprospectivityforpetroleumexploitation.Claymineralscanalsoadsorbgas,somemuchbetterthanothers.Thesurfaceareaoftheporestructureofshalescanbepositively