简介：Twopotexperimentswithacompletelyrandomdesignand4replicationswereperformedinagreenhousetoexaminetheresponsedifferenceof17cultivarsofpakchoi(BrassicachinensisL.)growninaCu-spikedandacleansoiltoCu.relativelytolerant.Whenthe17cultivarsofpakchoigrewincleangardensoil,theCuconcentrationsintheabovegroundpartwerepositivelycorrelated(r=0.6693)withtheirrootCuconcentrations.However,whentheygrewintheCu-spikedsoilahighlynegativecorrelationcoefficient(r=-0.5376)wasobtainedintheCuconcentrationbetweentheabovegroundpartandtheroot.ThismeantthattheCutolerantcultivarshadaweakabilitytotransferCufromtheirroottotheirabovegroundpart,andthereforestoredmuchmoreCuintheirrootthantheCusensitivecultivars.

简介：Apotexperimentwascarriedouttostudytheeffectsofthreearbuscularmycorrhizalfungi(AMF),includingGlomusintraradices,GlomusconstrictumandGlomusmosseae,onthegrowth,rootcolonizationandCdaccumulationofmarigold(TageteserectaL.)atCdadditionlevelsof0,5and50mgkg-1insoil.Thephysiologicalcharacteristics,suchaschlorophyllcontent,solublesugarcontent,solubleproteincontentandantioxidantenzymeactivity,ofTageteserectaL.werealsoinvestigated.ThesymbioticrelationshipbetweenthemarigoldplantandarbuscularmycorrhizalfungiwaswellestablishedunderCdstress.ThesymbioticrelationshipwasreffectedbythebetterphysiobiochemicalparametersofthemarigoldplantsinoculatedwiththethreeAMFisolateswherethecolonizationratesintherootswerebetween34.3%and88.8%.Comparedwiththenon-inoculatedmarigoldplants,theshootandrootbiomassoftheinoculatedmarigoldplantsincreasedby15.2%-47.5%and47.8%-130.1%,respectively,andtheCdconcentrationandaccumulationdecreased.ThechlorophyllandsolublesugarcontentsinthemycorrhizalmarigoldplantsincreasedwithCdaddition,indicatingthatAMFinoculationhelpedthemarigoldplantstogrowbyresistingCdstress.TheantioxidantenzymesreacteddifferentlywiththethreeAMFunderCdstress.ForplantsinoculatedwithG.constrictumandG.mosseae,theactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andcatalase(CAT)increasedwithincreasingCdaddition,butperoxidase(POD)activitydecreasedwithincreasingCdaddition.ForplantsinoculatedwithG.intraradices,threeoftheantioxidantenzymeactivitiesweresignificantlydecreasedathighlevelsofCdaddition.Overall,theactivitiesofthethreeantioxidantenzymesintheplantsinoculatedwithAMFwerehigherthanthoseoftheplantswithoutAMFinoculationunderCdstress.Ourresultssupporttheviewthatantioxidantenzymeshaveagreatinfluenceonthebiomassofplants,andAMFcanimprovethecapabilityofreactiveoxygenspecie

简介：植物给供应任何一个NH+4或不的N消息提供者显示出不同生长回答?3。不同N来源的举起也影响根围pH并且因此土壤磷的简历可获得性，特别地在碱的土壤。在在水栽法并且在土壤文化种的燕麦(AvenanudaL.)的根围的植物生长，P举起，和P可获得性不与唯一的NH+4-N,脚底在供应下面被调查?3-N，或联合。脚底没有?3美联储燕麦植物比唯一的NH+4喂积累了更多的生物资源。当N与两NH+4-N被供应时，最高的生物资源累积被观察并且没有?3-N。植物根的生长与比例增加了没有?3in文化媒介。更好的根生长和更高的根/射击比率一致地被观察在没有?3美联储植物。然而，根活力是最高当N被供应没有时?3+NH+4。NH+4供应减少了根围pH但是没由在土壤种，CaHPO4作为P增加了的植物影响P举起来源。没有P缺乏被观察，并且植物P集中通常在2gkg上面?1。当N不部分或作为完全被供应时，P举起被增加?3-N，同样作为生物资源累积。结果建议那燕麦是一没有?3-preferring植物，并且没有?3-N为植物生长和根吸收能力的维护是必要的。有NH+4-N的N供应没改进P营养，它由于P缺乏的缺席是最可能的。

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简介：An80-dincubationexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatestrawdecomposition,theprimingeffectandmicrobialcharacteristicsinanon-fertilizedsoil(soil1)andalong-termorganicmanure-fertilizedsoil(soil2)withandwithout13C-labeledmaizestrawamendmentunderdifferentmoisturelevels.Thesoil2showedamarkedlyhigherprimingeffect,microbialbiomassC(Cmic),andβ-glucosidaseactivity,andmoreabundantpopulationsofbacteriaandfungithanthesoil1.Also,soilCO2emission,Cmic,β-glucosidaseactivity,andbacterialandfungalpopulationsizesweresubstantiallyenhancedbystrawamendment.Inthepresenceofstraw,theamountofstrawmineralizationandassimilationbymicrobesinthesoilat55%ofwaterholdingcapacity(WHC)weresignificantlyhigherby31%and17%,respectively,comparedtothoseat25%ofWHC.Incontrast,β-glucosidaseactivityandfungalpopulationsizewerebothenhancedasthemoisturecontentdecreased.Cmicdecreasedasstrawavailabilitydecreased,whichwasmainlyattributedtothereductionofstraw-derivedCmic.Amendedsoils,excepttheamendedsoil2at25%ofWHC,hadamoreabundantfungalpopulationasstrawavailabilitydecreased,indicatingthatfungaldecomposabilityofaddedstrawwasindependentofstrawavailability.Non-metricmultidimensionalscalinganalysisbasedonfungaldenaturedgradientgelelectrophoresisbandpatternsshowedthatshiftsinthefungalcommunitystructureoccurredaswaterandstrawavailabilityvaried.Theresultsindirectlysuggestthatsoilfungiareabletoadjusttheirdegradationactivitytowaterandstrawavailabilitybyregulatingtheircommunitystructure.

简介：与一个改编微生物引起的社区接种土壤比有在bioremediation的纯紧张的接种是一条更有效的bioaugmentation途径。然而，从有在土壤补习改变污染层次和污染历史的地点的不同inocula的潜力的信息正在缺乏。学习的目的是在土壤inocula调查改编微生物的潜力，与不同污染层次和污染历史，到降级1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(1,2,4-TCB)。从污染chlorobenzene的地点的三不同土壤被接种进农业土壤和与1,2,4-TCB刺的土壤暂停文化。结果证明36.52%开始应用的1,2,4-TCB在非接种的土壤是在场的，而大约19.00%1,2,4-TCB在在28天孵化以后与污染土壤接种的农业土壤是在场的。与改编微生物引起的生物资源接种的土壤(在土壤inocula)比非接种的土壤显示出更高的呼吸和更低的1,2,4-TCB挥发，建议1,2,4-TCB的存在在为接种使用的污染土壤改编了degraders。它进一步在污染土壤暂停文化被证实无机的氯化物离子的集中在全部试验性的时期上连续地增加了。更高的降级潜力带到不仅而且到更高的残余形成的inocula的更高的污染。然而，甚至低级污染的inocula在提高1,2,4-TCB的降级是有效的。因此，适用改编了在土壤形式的微生物特别与更低的污染层次，inocula能是为土壤补习的有效、环境友好的策略。

简介：Theclosed-jarincubationmethodiswidelyusedtoestimatethemineralizationofsoilorganicC.TherearetwoCpools(i.e.,organicandinorganicC)incalcareoussoil.ToevaluatetheeffectofadditionalcarbonatesonCO2emissionfromcalcareoussoilduringclosed-jarincubation,threeincubationexperimentswereconductedbyaddingdifferenttypes(CaCO3andMgCO3)andamountsofcarbonatetothesoil.TheadditionofcarbonatessignificantlyincreasedCO2emissionfromthesoil;theincreaserangedfrom12.0%intheCaCO3amendedsoilto460%intheMgCO3amendedsoilduringa100-dincubation.CumulativeCO2productionattheendoftheincubationwasthreetimesgreaterintheMgCO3amendedsoilcomparedtotheCaCO3amendedone.TheCO2emissionincreasedwiththeamountofCaCO3addedtothesoil.Incontrast,CO2emissiondecreasedastheamountofMgCO3addedtothesoilincreased.Ourresultsconfirmedthattheclosed-jarincubationmethodcouldleadtoanoverestimateoforganicCmineralizationincalcareoussoils.BecauseofitseffectonsoilpHandthedissolutionofcarbonates,HgCl2shouldnotbeusedtosterilizecalcareoussoiliftheexperimentincludesthemeasurementofsoilCO2production.

简介：在空气在农业土壤影响土壤质量和温室气体集中在土壤改变器官的碳(SOC)。干燥农田在中国盖住超过70%整个农田区域并且在减轻二氧化碳(CO2)起一个重要作用排出物。在这研究，4109个干燥农田土壤多角形用土壤层的空间覆盖分析被提取(1:500000)并且陆地使用层(1:500000)在安徽为干燥农田支持SOC动力学的世纪模型模拟省，从1980～2008的华东。就二个地确认地点而言，世纪模型在在省为干燥农田为SOC动力学建模相对表演了很好。模仿的结果证明区域加权的平均数玷污从18.77MgCha−增加的干燥农田的器官的碳密度(SOCD)；1在1980～23.99MgCha−；10.18MgCha−与平均隐遁在2008评价；1year−；1。约94.9%全部的干燥农田区域扣押了碳当5.1%有的碳输了时。在过去的29年，在省的干燥农田土壤的网SOC获得是19.37Tg，与0.67TgCyear−的平均隐遁率；1。SOC的扩大主要由于氮化肥和农家庭院粪肥的增加的消费。而且，SOC动力学高度在干燥农田土壤组之中被区分。有一条好规模的土壤数据库途径的世纪模型的集成能方便地在地区性的规模为SOC动力学的精确模拟作为一个工具被利用。

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